Memmlers The Human Body in Health and Disease, 12th edition Barbara Janson Cohen-Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Test

Chapter 03- Cells and Their Functions

1.	The substance that fills the cell from the plasma membrane to the nuclear membrane is called the ____________.

 

 

2.	A long, whiplike projection from the cell used in locomotion is a(n) ______________.

 

 

3.	Small hairlike projections from the cell are called ___________.

 

 

4.	The organelle that contains digestive enzymes is the ____________.

 

 

5.	The large organelle that is the control center of the cell is the ___________.

 

 

6.	In the pairing of bases in DNA, adenine pairs with __________.

 

 

7.	The substance that makes up the genes is ________________.

 

 

8.	In the pairing of bases in RNA, adenine pairs with ___________.

 

 

9.	The type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome is __________.

 

 

10.	The process of synthesizing proteins based on an mRNA template is called ____________.

 

 

11.	The period between one cell division and the next is called ________.

 

 

12.	The process by which specialized cells engulf large particles is _____________.

 

 

13.	The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is ______________.

 

 

14.	Passage of a solution through a membrane under mechanical force is called ___________.

 

 

15.	A solution that has a lower concentration than the fluid within the cell is termed ___________.

 

 

16.	A cell placed in a _______________ solution will swell.

 

 

17.	The percentage salt in a normal saline solution is _____________.

 

 

18.	A change in the genetic material of a cell is called a(n) ______________.

 

 

19.	A personal characteristic or lifestyle habit that increases one’s chances of getting cancer is called a(n) ______________.

 

 

20.	A prefix meaning same is ________.

 

 

21.	The metric unit used for microscopic measurement is the
	A)	meter
	B)	micrometer
	C)	centimeter
	D)	kilometer

 

 

22.	The microscope with the highest magnification is the
	A)	scanning electron microscope
	B)	transmission electron microscope
	C)	compound light microscope
	D)	simple light microscope

 

 

23.	The plasma membrane is best described as
	A)	solid
	B)	permeable
	C)	selectively permeable
	D)	hypotonic

 

 

24.	The major lipids in the plasma membrane are
	A)	proteins and phospholipids
	B)	carbohydrates and proteins
	C)	phospholipids and cholesterol
	D)	calcium salts and phospholipids

 

 

25.	Which of the following membrane proteins changes shape to move substances across the plasma membrane?
	A)	channel
	B)	receptor
	C)	enzyme
	D)	transporter

 

 

26.	Which of the following membrane proteins attaches cells to other cells?
	A)	channel
	B)	linker
	C)	cell identity marker
	D)	transporter

 

 

27.	The small body in the nucleus that assembles ribosomes is called the
	A)	nucleolus
	B)	mitochondrion
	C)	centriole
	D)	endoplasmic reticulum

 

 

28.	An organelle that produces energy for the cell is called a(n)
	A)	ribosome
	B)	mitochondrion
	C)	Golgi apparatus
	D)	nucleolus

 

 

29.	Small bodies involved in the manufacture of proteins are
	A)	ribosomes
	B)	nucleoli
	C)	mitochondria
	D)	centrioles

 

 

30.	If a cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to
	A)	synthesize proteins
	B)	synthesize RNA
	C)	divide
	D)	secrete proteins

 

 

31.	A particular cell type specializes in breaking down harmful by-products of metabolism. This cell type would contain very high levels of
	A)	lysosomes
	B)	endoplasmic reticulum
	C)	centrioles
	D)	peroxisomes

 

 

32.	Two cells vary in the amount of energy they require. One cell, a muscle cell, must generate large supplies of ATP. The other cell, a skin cell, requires very little ATP. Based solely on information provided in this question, these two cells would differ in the abundance of
	A)	mitochondria
	B)	lysosomes
	C)	vesicles
	D)	Golgi apparatus

 

 

33.	A nucleotide contains a nitrogen base, a sugar unit, and a
	A)	phosphate unit
	B)	glycerol
	C)	fatty acid
	D)	protein unit

 

 

34.	The RNA found in ribosomes is called
	A)	rRNA
	B)	mRNA
	C)	tRNA
	D)	sRNA

 

 

35.	Ribosomes participate in the process of
	A)	DNA synthesis
	B)	transcription
	C)	translation
	D)	mutation

 

 

36.	Transcription is the synthesis of
	A)	RNA
	B)	protein
	C)	lipids
	D)	carbohydrates

 

 

37.	The correct order of the stages in mitosis is
	A)	anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase
	B)	prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
	C)	prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase
	D)	telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase

 

 

38.	The phase of mitosis when the chromosomes pull apart is
	A)	interphase
	B)	telophase
	C)	anaphase
	D)	metaphase

 

 

39.	The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes condense is
	A)	anaphase
	B)	prophase
	C)	metaphase
	D)	interphase

 

 

40.	Droplets of fluid are taken in by the cell using the process of
	A)	diffusion
	B)	pinocytosis
	C)	exocytosis
	D)	active transport

 

 

41.	What effect does diffusion usually have on the concentration gradient?
	A)	increase
	B)	decrease
	C)	no change
	D)	None of the answers are correct.

 

 

42.	Which of the following processes requires ATP?
	A)	osmosis
	B)	diffusion
	C)	active transport
	D)	facilitated diffusion

 

 

43.	Which of the following processes moves a substance that can freely pass through the plasma membrane?
	A)	simple diffusion
	B)	facilitated diffusion
	C)	active transport
	D)	phagocytosis

 

 

44.	Cells shrink when they are placed in solutions that are
	A)	isotonic
	B)	hypertonic
	C)	hypotonic
	D)	osmotic

 

 

45.	Which of the following cell populations would be considered a cancer?
	A)	a cell population that reproduces excessively but does not migrate
	B)	a cell population that reproduces excessively and migrates
	C)	any cell population that divides in an adult
	D)	All of the answers are correct.

 

 

46.	Which of the following is a risk factor for cancer?
	A)	eating a high fat diet
	B)	frequent exercise
	C)	eating fruits and vegetables
	D)	wearing sunscreen

 

 

47.	The prefix pino– means
	A)	to eat
	B)	to drink
	C)	very small
	D)	within

 

 

48.	Based on your knowledge of word parts, what is the most likely definition of the word endosome?
	A)	a body without
	B)	a colored body
	C)	a body within
	D)	a small body

 

 

49.	Name and briefly explain four different functions of membrane proteins.

 

 

50.	List two functions of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane.

 

 

51.	List two organelles involved in the process of translation, and briefly explain their contributions.

 

 

52.	Many proteins are secreted from the cell following the process of translation. List two organelles involved in protein secretion, and briefly explain their contributions.

 

 

53.	Compare and contrast simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. List one similarity and one difference.

 

 

54.

Your lab partner is an exchange student from Pluto. You are investigating cell transport methods, so you decide to use one of your partner’s cells. Surprisingly, you notice that her cell contains some of the same substances as our cells. You quantify the concentration of these substances, and determine that the cell contains 5% glucose and 0.3% potassium. The cell is placed in a solution containing 20% glucose and 0.1% potassium. The plasma membrane of this cell is is similar to ours. It is permeable to potassium but not to glucose. That is, only potassium can cross the plasma membrane without using transporters. Use this information to answer the following questions   a. Will potassium move into the cell or out of the cell? Which transport mechanism will be involved? b. Carrier proteins are present in the membrane that can transport glucose. If glucose moves down its concentration gradient, will glucose move into the cell or out of the cell? Which transport mechanism will be involved? c. You place the cell in a new solution to study the process of osmosis. You know that sodium does not move across the alien cell membrane. You also know that the concentration of the intracellular fluid is equivalent to 5% sodium. The new solution contains 1% sodium. Is the 1% sodium solution hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic? d. Will water flow into the cell or out of the cell? e. What will be the effect of the water movement on the cell?

 

 

 

Answer Key

 

1.	cytoplasm
2.	flagellum
3.	cilia or microvilli
4.	lysosome
5.	nucleus
6.	thymine
7.	DNA
8.	uracil
9.	tRNA
10.	translation
11.	interphase
12.	phagocytosis
13.	osmosis
14.	filtration
15.	hypotonic
16.	hypotonic
17.	0 .9%
18.	mutation
19.	risk factor
20.	iso–
21.	B
22.	B
23.	C
24.	C
25.	D
26.	B
27.	A
28.	B
29.	A
30.	C
31.	D
32.	A
33.	A
34.	A
35.	C
36.	A
37.	B
38.	C
39.	B
40.	B
41.	B
42.	C
43.	A
44.	B
45.	B
46.	A
47.	B
48.	C
49.	Any four of the following. Channels permit the passage of specific substances (usually ions) through the plasma membrane. Transporters shuttle substances across the membrane by facilitated diffusion or active transport. Receptors are sites of attachment for chemicals. Enzymes participate in chemical reactions. Linkers attach cells to other cells and provide stability to the membrane. Cell identity markers identify one’s own cells to prevent the immune system from attacking them.
50.	cell-to-cell attachment, cell recognition
51.	The nucleolus assembles the ribosomes that are necessary for translation. The ribosomes assemble the amino acids into a protein chain. The rough endoplasmic reticulum serves as a site of attachment for the ribosomes.
52.	The rough endoplasmic reticulum modifies the proteins. The Golgi apparatus is involved in sorting, modifying, and packaging proteins. Vesicles transport the proteins to the plasma membrane and release them from the cell.
53.	Both simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion move a substance down its concentration gradient. Facilitated diffusion uses transporters, simple diffusion does not. Facilitated diffusion moves substances at a faster rate than simple diffusion.
54.	a. Potassium will move out of the cell by simple diffusion. b. Glucose will move into the cell by facilitated diffusion. c. he solution is hypotonic. d. Water will flow into the cell. e. The cell will expand and probably lyse.

Chapter 04- Tissues, Glands, and Membranes

 

1.	Another name for osseous tissue is ___________.

 

 

2.	A term that describes long, narrow epithelial cells is ___________.

 

 

3.	A term for flat, irregular epithelial cells is___________.

 

 

4.	A sticky protective fluid secreted by some epithelial cells is called ___________.

 

 

5.	The fatty material that insulates and protects some nerve cell fibers is ___________.

 

 

6.	The study of tissues is ___________.

 

 

7.	The type of connective tissue that stores fat is called ___________.

 

 

8.	A flexible white protein that makes up many of the fibers in connective tissue is ___________.

 

 

9.	The _______________ layer of a serous membrane lines a body cavity.

 

 

10.	The connective tissue membrane that covers and protects skeletal muscles is called the ___________.

 

 

11.	A layer of dense connective tissue around an organ such as the liver or kidney is called a(n)___________.

 

 

12.	A cord of connective tissue that joins a muscle to a bone is called a(n) ___________.

 

 

13.	The fibrous tissue that covers cartilage is called ________________.

 

 

14.	A tumor that spreads to other tissues is described as a(n) ___________ tumor.

 

 

15.	A benign tumor of adipose tissue is called a(n) ___________.

 

 

16.	The medical process of classifying a tumor based on its size and extent of invasion is ___________.

 

 

17.	The cancer detection technique using x-rays to produce cross-sectional pictures of body parts is called ___________________.

 

 

18.	The cancer treatment method that uses substances to stimulate the immune system is called ___________________.

 

 

19.	The prefix pseudo means ____________.

 

 

20.	The suffix –itis means ______________.

 

 

21.	Osteocytes are to bone as chondrocytes are to
	A)	fat
	B)	cartilage
	C)	muscle
	D)	nerves

 

 

22.	You are studying a slide of a body tissue, but the label has rubbed off. You see a single layer of closely packed cells that are long and narrow in structure. This tissue is most likely to be
	A)	simple squamous epithelium
	B)	stratified squamous epithelium
	C)	simple columnar epithelium
	D)	stratified columnar epithelium

 

 

23.	Which of the following muscle types is under voluntary control?
	A)	cardiac
	B)	skeletal
	C)	visceral
	D)	myocardial

 

 

24.	The support cells of the nervous system are
	A)	neurilemmas
	B)	neuroglia
	C)	myelin
	D)	dendrites

 

 

25.	The fibers of a neuron are
	A)	axons and dendrites
	B)	fibrils and endoplasmic reticulum
	C)	dendrites and fibrils
	D)	transporters and vesicles

 

 

26.	Tissue wasting due to a decrease in cell number is called
	A)	hypertrophy
	B)	hyperplasia
	C)	atrophy
	D)	aplasia

 

 

27.	The fibers that conduct a nerve impulse toward a neuron cell body are called
	A)	fibrils
	B)	dendrites
	C)	axons
	D)	neuroglia

 

 

28.	Connective tissues would probably NOT contain
	A)	fibroblasts
	B)	collagen
	C)	goblet cells
	D)	matrix

 

 

29.	You are studying a slide of a body tissue, but the label has rubbed off. You see a few, similar cells that do not contact each other, many elastic fibers, and collagen. This tissue is most likely to be
	A)	dense connective tissue
	B)	areolar connective tissue
	C)	stratified epithelial tissue
	D)	transitional epithelial tissue

 

 

30.	The meninges
	A)	contain cells that are very close together
	B)	are a type of mucous membrane
	C)	contain epithelial tissue
	D)	contain connective tissue

 

 

31.	The endocrine glands secrete
	A)	digestive juices
	B)	mucus
	C)	tears
	D)	hormones

 

 

32.	A band of connective tissue connecting two bones is called a(n)
	A)	tendon
	B)	ligament
	C)	serosa
	D)	periosteum

 

 

33.	The skin is also called the
	A)	fascia
	B)	subcutaneous tissue
	C)	synovial membrane
	D)	cutaneous membrane

 

 

34.	Transitional epithelium is tissue that
	A)	can stretch to accomplish its function
	B)	changes to connective tissue
	C)	moves from place to place
	D)	secretes hormones

 

 

35.	Which of the following is an epithelial tissue membrane?
	A)	fascia
	B)	peritoneum
	C)	meninges
	D)	synovial membrane

 

 

36.	A term referring to a loose connective tissue is
	A)	areolar
	B)	blood
	C)	cartilage
	D)	bone

 

 

37.	Plurae are examples of which type of membrane?
	A)	serous
	B)	synovial
	C)	mucous
	D)	subcutaneous

 

 

38.	Inflammation of the serous membrane within the abdominal cavity results in a condition called
	A)	peritonitis
	B)	arthritis
	C)	lupus
	D)	fasciculitis

 

 

39.	The tissue enclosing the heart is called the
	A)	perichondrium
	B)	periosteum
	C)	pericardium
	D)	myocardium

 

 

40.	You want to design a membrane to protect a tube from the surrounding environment. The membrane must prevent substances from passing through the tissue and must also secrete a protective substance. You decide to use a membrane already in use in the human body as your template. The best membrane to use would be
	A)	synovial membranes
	B)	mucous membranes
	C)	serous membranes
	D)	superficial fascia

 

 

41.	Rheumatoid arthritis results from inflammation of which of the following membranes?
	A)	synovial membranes
	B)	mucous membranes
	C)	cutaneous membranes
	D)	subcutaneous membranes

 

 

42.	Ms. B has a lump in her arm. The doctor has determined that the lump has not spread and is derived from adipose tissue. This lump would best be described as a
	A)	benign lipoma
	B)	malignant sarcoma
	C)	malignant lipoma
	D)	benign sarcoma

 

 

43.	A neoplasm is also called a(n)
	A)	tumor
	B)	serosa
	C)	articulation
	D)	membrane

 

 

44.	Which of the following is a malignant tumor?
	A)	angioma
	B)	nevus
	C)	sarcoma
	D)	papilloma

 

 

45.	The removal of living tissue for microscopic examination is called
	A)	ultrasound
	B)	biopsy
	C)	magnetic resonance imaging
	D)	computed tomography

 

 

46.	Antineoplastic agents are used in
	A)	radiation
	B)	surgery
	C)	chemotherapy
	D)	immunotherapy

 

 

47.	The prefix neo– means
	A)	below
	B)	new
	C)	beside
	D)	nipple

 

 

48.	Based on your knowledge of word parts, pericarditis means
	A)	inflammation of the membrane around the heart
	B)	inflammation of the heart muscle
	C)	inflammation of the membrane around a bone
	D)	inflammation of the cartilage

 

 

49.	Based on your knowledge of word parts, an osteoblast is most likely to be
	A)	a mature bone cell
	B)	an immature bone cell
	C)	a mature cartilage cell
	D)	an immature cartilage cell

 

 

50.	You are studying a slide of body tissue that is labelled “skeletal muscle.” The tissue is composed of many small fibers that are running in parallel. You do not see any nuclei or striations. Is the label correct or incorrect? Defend your answer.

 

 

51.	Why is blood considered to be connective tissue? Define connective tissue in your answer.

 

 

52.	Name the three types of epithelial membranes and give an example of each.

 

 

53.	Why is surgery more succesful in the treatment of benign tumors than in the treatment of malignant tumors?

 

 

54.	List five signs of cancer.

 

 

55.	Name one similarity and one difference between radiography and ultrasound in the study of tumors.

 

 

56.	List the three traditional types of cancer treatments, and explain briefly how they work.

 

 

 

Answer Key

 

1.	bone
2.	columnar
3.	squamous
4.	mucus
5.	myelin
6.	histology
7.	adipose or adipose tissue
8.	collagen
9.	parietal
10.	deep fascia
11.	capsule
12.	tendon
13.	perichondrium
14.	malignant
15.	lipoma
16.	staging
17.	computed tomography
18.	immunotherapy
19.	false
20.	inflammation
21.	B
22.	C
23.	B
24.	B
25.	A
26.	C
27.	B
28.	C
29.	A
30.	D
31.	D
32.	B
33.	D
34.	A
35.	B
36.	A
37.	A
38.	A
39.	C
40.	B
41.	A
42.	A
43.	A
44.	C
45.	B
46.	C
47.	B
48.	A
49.	B
50.	The label is incorrect. Muscle tissue also contains parallel fibers, but the fibers are muscle cells and they contain nuclei. Skeletal muscle fibers are also striated. (The tissue is probably connective tissue, and the fibers are collagen).
51.	Connective tissue is defined as a tissue containing cells separated by some sort of matrix. In blood, the blood cells are separated by plasma.
52.	(examples will vary): Serous membranes, such as plurae; mucous membranes, such as the lining of the mouth; cutaneous membrane, or skin.
53.	Benign tumors are encapsulated and have not spread to other tissues. Malignant tumors are usually not encapsulated and have spread to other tissues. If a malignant tumor is removed, there is a strong possibility that some cancerous cells will remain somewhere in the body and form new tumors.
54.	Any five of the following: unusual bleeding or discharge, persistent indigestion, chronic hoarseness or cough, changes in the color or size of moles, a sore that does not heal in a reasonable time, the presence of an unusual lump, the presence of white patches inside the mouth or white spots on the tongue, weight loss, fatigue.
55.	Both techniques are designed to visualize tumors. Radiography uses x-rays, but ultrasound uses sound waves.
56.	Radiation therapy uses x-rays and chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy the more rapidly dividing tumor cells while causing less damage to the more slowly dividing normal cells. Surgery physically removes the cancerous cells.