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Sample Test

CHAPTER 03: Biology and Behavior

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1.    The basic building blocks of the nervous system are the:

A.	neurons.	C.	dendrites.
B.	synapses.	D.	glial cells.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 How Does the Nervous System Operate?

OBJ:   3.1D               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

2.    Our body’s neural system is built from billions of nerve cells, also called:

A.	neurotransmitters.	C.	axons.
B.	neurons.	D.	genomes.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 How Does the Nervous System Operate?

OBJ:   3.1A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

3.    In the nervous system, each neuron communicates:

A.	with one or two other neurons.
B.	with a random subset of the other neurons.
C.	selectively with many other neurons.
D.	with all the other neurons in the nervous system.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   3.1 How Does the Nervous System Operate?

OBJ:   3.1D               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Applying

 

4.    In the nervous system, cells called ________ receive, integrate, and transmit information.

A.	axons	C.	dendrites
B.	neurons	D.	glial cells

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

5.    The extensions of a neuron that receive messages from other neurons are the:

A.	nerves.	C.	dendrites.
B.	cell body.	D.	axon terminal buttons.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

6.    The spinal cord is part of the ________ nervous system.

A.	sensory	C.	somatic
B.	peripheral	D.	central

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 The Nervous System Has Two Basic Divisions

OBJ:   3.1A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

7.    The brain and the spinal cord make up the ________ nervous system.

A.	central	C.	primary
B.	peripheral	D.	autonomic

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 The Nervous System Has Two Basic Divisions

OBJ:   3.1A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

8.    The central nervous system (CNS) consists of:

A.	the brain and spinal cord.
B.	the somatic and autonomic nervous systems.
C.	the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.
D.	the central and peripheral nervous systems.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   3.1 The Nervous System Has Two Basic Divisions

OBJ:   3.1A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

9.    Neurons outside the brain and the spinal cord are part of the ________ nervous system.

A.	secondary	C.	central
B.	peripheral	D.	auxiliary

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   3.1 The Nervous System Has Two Basic Divisions

OBJ:   3.1A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

10.  Interneurons communicate:

A.	within local or short distance circuits.
B.	directly on muscles.
C.	directly on sensory organs.
D.	with glial cells.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1B               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

11.  The function of interneurons is to communicate:

A.	between the brain and the spinal cord.
B.	between the brain and sensory neurons.
C.	outside of the brain.
D.	within a neural circuit.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1B               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

12.  Which of the following is NOT a basic type of neuron?

A.	sensory neurons	C.	interneurons
B.	motor neurons	D.	myelin neurons

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1B               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

13.  Imagine that scientists have developed an experimental medication that completely blocks the sensation of pain. This medication most likely targets:

A.	the amygdala.	C.	interneurons.
B.	the autonomic nervous system.	D.	somatosensory nerves.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1B               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Applying

 

14.  A neuron without dendrites is most similar to:

A.	a computer without a mouse.
B.	a telephone that cannot receive incoming calls.
C.	a light with no “off” switch.
D.	a car that cannot go above 60 mph.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1B

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Analyzing

 

15.  What are the branchlike appendages that detect chemical signals from other neurons?

A.	axons	C.	cell bodies
B.	synapses	D.	dendrites

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

16.  Which of the following parts of a neuron integrates information from other neurons?

A.	axon	C.	cell body
B.	synapse	D.	dendrite

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

17.  Thara’s roommate has been complaining about having a “pinched nerve” from moving some furniture. What is she likely referring to as a nerve?

A.	a single axon from a portion of her back to her spinal cord
B.	a neuron that is part of her spinal cord
C.	a bundle of axons from some nerves in her back
D.	a neuron that connects to the pain center in her spine

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

18.  Axons:

A.	transmit nerve impulses to terminal buttons and vary in length.
B.	are always bundled with other axons to form nerves and are individually very short in length.
C.	vary in length depending on whether they send or receive information.
D.	are uniform in size throughout the body though capable of serving different functions.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

19.  What part of the neuron releases chemical signals?

A.	axon	C.	cell body
B.	terminal buttons	D.	dendrite

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

20.  Which of the following is NOT a part of a neuron?

A.	dendrite	C.	terminal button
B.	cell body	D.	interneuron

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

21.  The extensions of a neuron that transmit information to other neurons are the:

A.	dendrites.	C.	axons.
B.	cell bodies.	D.	ion channels.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

22.  Which of the following sequences reflects the order in which a signal generally travels through a neuron?

A.	dendrite à soma à axon à terminal buttons
B.	terminal buttons à axon à cell body à dendrite
C.	cell body à dendrite à axon à terminal buttons
D.	dendrite à axon à cell body à terminal buttons

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

23.  The ________ capture(s) the incoming chemical signal while the ________ release(s) the chemical signal.

A.	terminal buttons; dendrites	C.	cell body; axon
B.	dendrites; terminal buttons	D.	axon; cell body

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

24.  A synapse is a:

A.	chemical.	C.	signal.
B.	joint.	D.	gap.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

25.  A myelin sheath is like the:

A.	tuning dial of a radio.	C.	layers of a cake.
B.	insulation of a wire.	D.	thermostat of a heater.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Applying

 

26.  The nodes of Ranvier are:

A.	unmyelinated portions of an axon.	C.	receptor sites on dendrites.
B.	the bulblike endings of axons.	D.	myelinated portions of an axon.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy               REF:   3.1 Neurons Are Specialized for Communication

OBJ:   3.1C               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

27.  When not active, neurons have a negative electrical charge. This is referred to as:

A.	action potential.	C.	all-or-none principle.
B.	resting membrane potential.	D.	electron principle.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 The Resting Membrane Potential Is Negatively Charged

OBJ:   3.1D               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

28.  What is the state of the electrical charge when a neuron is said to be at resting potential?

A.	Inside the neuron is more positive than outside the neuron.
B.	Inside the neuron is more negative than outside the neuron.
C.	Both the inside and outside of the neuron are of equal electrical charge.
D.	The inside of the neuron is hyperpolarized.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 The Resting Membrane Potential Is Negatively Charged

OBJ:   3.1D               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

29.  The two types of ions that control neuron firing are:

A.	nitrogen and calcium.	C.	sodium and potassium.
B.	calcium and sodium.	D.	potassium and magnesium.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 The Resting Membrane Potential Is Negatively Charged

OBJ:   3.1D               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

30.  What allows the movement of sodium and potassium ions to the inside and the outside of the neuron to cause firing?

A.	gating mechanisms contained within the cell wall
B.	changes in the chemical structure of the ions
C.	changes in the charge of the ions
D.	refraction

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 The Resting Membrane Potential Is Negatively Charged

OBJ:   3.1D               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

31.  If your house was “selectively permeable” like a neuron, which of the following situations would be most likely?

A.	Everyone would be welcome to enter.
B.	All the doors would be open.
C.	Only certain people would be allowed inside.
D.	No one would be allowed to leave.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 The Resting Membrane Potential Is Negatively Charged

OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Applying

 

32.  Another term for neuron firing is:

A.	action potential.	C.	resting membrane potential.
B.	somatic potential.	D.	ion potential.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication       OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology                 MSC:  Remembering

 

33.  Excitatory signals are ________, whereas inhibitory signals are ________.

A.	depolarized; hyperpolarized
B.	positively charged; negatively charged
C.	hyperpolarized; depolarized
D.	negatively charged; positively charged

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication       OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology                 MSC:  Applying

 

34.  Typically, it takes about a 100 mV depolarization change to produce an action potential. Which of the following should result in an action potential?

A.	inhibitory signals equaling approximately 110 mV
B.	excitatory signals equaling 75 mV plus inhibitory signals equaling 25 mV
C.	excitatory signals equaling 110 mV
D.	inhibitory signals equaling 75 mV plus excitatory signals equaling 25 mV

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication       OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Applying

 

35.  Inhibitory signals ________ polarization, ________ the likelihood of an action potential.

A.	decrease; decreasing	C.	increase; decreasing
B.	decrease; increasing	D.	increase; increasing

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication       OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology                 MSC:  Remembering

 

36.  The neural impulse, or ________, is a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.

A.	action potential	C.	neurotransmitters
B.	resting membrane potential	D.	all-or-none principle

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication       OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology                 MSC:  Remembering

 

37.  Propagation of the action potential occurs:

A.	along the axon at the nodes of Ranvier.
B.	along the dendrites at the nodes of Ranvier.
C.	between neurons at the synapse.
D.	on the cell body.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication       OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology                 MSC:  Remembering

 

38.  The action of neural firing as it proceeds down the axon is similar to which of the following types of movement?

A.	skipping	C.	running laps
B.	crawling	D.	driving on a road

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication       OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Understanding

 

39.  If you had a disorder that caused neurons to demyelinate, this would initially cause:

A.	neurons to immediately begin to die.
B.	dendrites to proliferate excessively.
C.	the insulation of the axon to deteriorate.
D.	a decreased number of nodes of Ranvier.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication       OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology                 MSC:  Understanding

 

40.  Why are the nodes of Ranvier important structures for neural firing?

A.	They release neurotransmitters.
B.	They are involved in reuptake.
C.	They are the receptor sites for binding with neurotransmitters.
D.	They are areas along the axon that speed transmission.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication       OBJ:   3.1C

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology                 MSC:  Applying

 

41.  You cannot fire a gun softly or flush a toilet halfway. Like an action potential, gunfire and a toilet’s flush follow the ________ law.

A.	on-or-off	C.	binary response
B.	this-or-that	D.	all-or-none

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 Action Potentials Cause Neural Communication       OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology                 MSC:  Understanding

 

42.  What happens when the action potential reaches the terminal button?

A.	The signal terminates, or ends.
B.	The signal causes the vesicles to release neurotransmitters.
C.	The terminal button sends it down the axon.
D.	The signal causes reuptake of neurotransmitters in the synapse.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors Across the Synapse

OBJ:   3.1D               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

43.  What do we call the neurons on the sending side of a synaptic cleft?

A.	postsynaptic neurons	C.	interneurons
B.	presynaptic neurons	D.	excitatory neurons

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors Across the Synapse

OBJ:   3.1B               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

44.  What do we call the neurons on the receiving side of a synaptic cleft?

A.	postsynaptic neurons	C.	interneurons
B.	presynaptic neurons	D.	excitatory neurons

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors Across the Synapse

OBJ:   3.1B               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

45.  How do neurons communicate?

A.	Terminal buttons plug into receptor sites on adjacent dendrites.
B.	Neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind with receptors on the postsynaptic dendrite.
C.	Electric signals jump across the synapse to the adjacent neuron.
D.	Chemicals released into the synapse are converted to neurotransmitters that bind with receptors.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors Across the Synapse

OBJ:   3.1D               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

46.  Chemical substances that carry messages directly from one neuron to the next are called:

A.	agonists.	C.	enzymes.
B.	neurotransmitters.	D.	hormones.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors Across the Synapse

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

47.  Using a key to open the front door of your house is analogous to the:

A.	randomness of neural activation.
B.	unique chemical structure of a neurotransmitter that fits certain receptor sites.
C.	neurotransmitters that carry a secret code to neurons.
D.	activity log that the nervous system maintains.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors Across the Synapse

OBJ:   3.1E

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Applying

 

48.  Cocaine causes the neurotransmitter dopamine to remain at the site of the synapse longer than it normally would; cocaine thus inhibits the process termed:

A.	recycling.	C.	reuse.
B.	reabsorption.	D.	reuptake.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors Across the Synapse

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

49.  There are three events that can terminate a neurotransmitter’s influence in the synapse. Which of the following is NOT one of these events?

A.	The neurotransmitter is taken back into the presynaptic neuron.
B.	Enzymes in the synapse destroy the neurotransmitter.
C.	Autoreceptors signal the presynaptic neuron to stop releasing neurotransmitter.
D.	The neurotransmitter alters its structure after release from the synaptic vesicle.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Bind to Receptors Across the Synapse

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

50.  Scientists develop a new, highly addictive drug called PxH. Based on what you know about the effect of drugs on neural activity, which of the following is LEAST likely to be true?

A.	PxH can be distinguished from naturally occurring neurotransmitters in the synapse.
B.	PxH can alter how a neurotransmitter is synthesized.
C.	PxH can change the concentration of a neurotransmitter in the synapse.
D.	PxH can mimic neurotransmitters and bind to receptors.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1D

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Applying

 

51.  A medication that blocks the reuptake of serotonin would lead to:

A.	more serotonin in the synapse.	C.	more serotonin in the axon.
B.	less serotonin in the synapse.	D.	less serotonin in the axon.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1D               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Applying

 

52.  An overdose of an acetylcholine agonist is most likely to produce:

A.	fatigue.	C.	impulsiveness.
B.	paralysis.	D.	anxiety.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Applying

 

53.  Drugs affect neural communication in each of the following ways EXCEPT:

A.	blocking reuptake.
B.	blocking receptors.
C.	destroying neurotransmitters.
D.	eliminating the need for action potentials.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Understanding

 

54.  Drugs that produce their effects by mimicking neurotransmitters are called:

A.	antagonists.	C.	acetylcholines.
B.	agonists.	D.	reuptake inhibitors.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

55.  Another way to think of agonists and antagonists, with respect to their involvement in the actions of neurotransmitters, is that agonists ________, whereas antagonists ________ the action of neurotransmitters.

A.	help; hinder	C.	alter; maintain
B.	hinder; help	D.	maintain; alter

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

56.  Joyce is experiencing tremors, muscular rigidity, cognitive disturbances, and mood disturbances.  Which of the following is most likely to improve Joyce’s condition?

A.	epinephrine	C.	SSRI
B.	L-DOPA	D.	endorphins

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Applying

 

57.  Imagine you are part of the chain of activity on a production line. Your boss, who in his previous career was a neuroscientist, calls you an agonist. What would he be implying?

A.	that you completely halt production
B.	that you interfere with production
C.	that you take stuff out of the process that is defective
D.	that you facilitate production

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Understanding

 

58.  Drugs that block the effects of neurotransmitters by occupying their receptor sites are called:

A.	antagonists.	C.	acetylcholines.
B.	agonists.	D.	selective inhibitors.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

59.  One mechanism of drugs is to alter the availability of neurotransmitters, thus affecting the functioning of neurons. Antagonistic drugs ________ the availability, whereas agonistic drugs ________ the availability.

A.	increase; decrease	C.	eliminate; block
B.	decrease; increase	D.	block; eliminate

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

60.  Imagine you are part of the chain of activity on a production line. Your boss, who in his previous career was a neuroscientist, calls you an antagonist. What would he be implying?

A.	that you interfere with production
B.	that you speed up production
C.	that you take stuff out of the process that is defective
D.	that you sleep on the job, doing nothing

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Understanding

 

61.  Regarding the role they play in behavior, neurotransmitters:

A.	are very specific, with a separate neurotransmitter for each behavior.
B.	may affect a variety of behaviors depending on the size of the action potential produced.
C.	influence behavior through the function of a particular postsynaptic neuron.
D.	convert enzymes at particular synapses.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

62.  A neurotransmitter that is important in muscle contraction is:

A.	epinephrine.	C.	acetylcholine.
B.	norepinephrine.	D.	dopamine.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

63.  Since curare interferes with acetylcholine functioning, we would assume it is a(n):

A.	agonist.
B.	antagonist.
C.	substance that destroys neurons with acetylcholine receptors.
D.	toxin released by neurons that binds to acetylcholine receptors.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Understanding

 

64.  Since nicotine increases acetylcholine functioning, we can assume it is a(n):

A.	agonist.
B.	antagonist.
C.	substance that destroys neurons with acetylcholine receptors.
D.	toxin released by neurons that binds to acetylcholine receptors.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Understanding

 

65.  Which of the following neurotransmitters would be most involved in enabling nerves that connect with muscles as you raise your arms above your head?

A.	acetylcholine	C.	serotonin
B.	epinephrine	D.	norepinephrine

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

66.  The effect of the botulism toxin (also known as Botox) on acetylcholine is to:

A.	increase the amount of acetylcholine available.
B.	inhibit the release of acetylcholine from the terminal buttons.
C.	destroy acetylcholine within the synapse.
D.	prevent the production of acetylcholine in the vesicles.

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

67.  The phrase adrenaline rush refers to the action of the neurotransmitter:

A.	dopamine.	C.	acetylcholine.
B.	serotonin.	D.	epinephrine.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

68.  Penny consumes a recreational drug. She finds that she is extremely sensitive to what is going on around her, too vigilant in fact. The drug Penny consumed seems to enhance the activity of the neurotransmitter:

A.	serotonin.	C.	norepinephrine.
B.	GABA.	D.	glutamate.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

69.  Drugs that treat ________ make serotonin more available by blocking reuptake.

A.	motor disturbances
B.	memory disturbances and hallucinations
C.	obsessive-compulsive disorders and depression
D.	pain and somatic sensitivity

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

70.  Drugs that enhance the effects of GABA:

A.	are used to treat depression.
B.	affect the location of reception.
C.	are used to treat anxiety disorders.
D.	may cause seizures and hallucinations.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

71.  In the brain of someone who suffers from Parkinson’s disease, what is happening to the neurons involved with dopamine activity?

A.	They are dying off.	C.	They are blocked for reuptake.
B.	They are overproducing dopamine.	D.	They are rapidly multiplying.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Understanding

 

72.  Alcohol is a depressant, not a stimulant. Although alcohol may make people feel outgoing, it inhibits the nervous system by effectively increasing the binding of:

A.	GABA.	C.	serotonin.
B.	epinephrine.	D.	glutamate.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

73.  GABA is to glutamate as ________ is to ________.

A.	control; out of control	C.	arouse; paralyze
B.	inhibit; excite	D.	awake; asleep

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Applying

 

74.  Narcotics, such as heroin and morphine, are probably rapidly addictive because they:

A.	block neural transmission.	C.	cause the release of GABA.
B.	cause a placebo effect.	D.	bind to endorphin receptors.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.1 Neurotransmitters Influence Mental Activity and Behavior

OBJ:   3.1E

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Applying

 

75.  James experienced a brain injury and now he can only say “tan.” James’s injury most likely occurred in:

A.	medulla oblongata.	C.	the brainstem.
B.	motor cortex.	D.	Broca’s area.

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.2 What Are the Basic Brain Structures and Their Function?

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Applying

 

76.  Unlike a full set of electroencephalograms, examining event-related potentials means that an investigator is looking at:

A.	average neural responses to an event.
B.	the relatedness between different cognitive states.
C.	electrical potentials.
D.	multiple recordings.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult         REF:   3.2 Scientists Can Now Watch the Working Brain

OBJ:   3.2A

NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology | APA Goal 2, Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking  MSC:           Analyzing

 

77.  You wish to examine the structure of a person’s brain. Given the choice, you should use:

A.	electrophysiology.
B.	positron emission tomography.
C.	magnetic resonance imaging.
D.	functional magnetic resonance imaging.

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   3.2 Scientists Can Now Watch the Working Brain

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Applying

 

78.  Which of the following is NOT part of the brain stem?

A.	the pons	C.	the midbrain
B.	the medulla	D.	the cerebellum

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.2 The Brain Stem Houses the Basic Programs of Survival

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

79.  Which of the following groups identifies the structures in the brain stem?

A.	medulla, thalamus, amygdala
B.	reticular formation, thalamus, amygdala
C.	medulla, thalamus, reticular formation
D.	medulla, pons, reticular formation

 

 

ANS:  D                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.2 The Brain Stem Houses the Basic Programs of Survival

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

80.  Which brain stem structure influences the sleep cycle, as well as general alertness?

A.	reticular formation	C.	cerebellum
B.	amygdala	D.	medulla

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.2 The Brain Stem Houses the Basic Programs of Survival

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

81.  Damage to this brain area would have a profound impact on motor learning.

A.	Broca’s area	C.	cerebellum
B.	brain stem	D.	cerebral cortex

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   3.2 The Cerebellum Is Essential for Movement

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

82.  Yves has been drinking. He has difficulty walking a straight line when asked to do so by a police officer. Apparently, alcohol had affected Yves’s ________.

A.	cerebellum	C.	reticular formation
B.	thalamus	D.	hippocampus

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Moderate       REF:   3.2 The Cerebellum Is Essential for Movement

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

83.  Anke is working in a laboratory and comes across a rat that is grossly overweight and seems unable to stop eating. The researcher tells Anke this rat has a brain lesion. Which part of the brain most likely has the lesion?

A.	amygdala	C.	frontal lobe
B.	hypothalamus	D.	brain stem

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.2 Subcortical Structures Control Emotions and Appetitive Behaviors

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

84.  Information travels from our sensory receptors to the ________ in the brain, which relays it to higher association areas.

A.	basal ganglia	C.	thalamus
B.	hypothalamus	D.	cerebellum

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.2 Subcortical Structures Control Emotions and Appetitive Behaviors

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Understanding

 

85.  The thalamus receives nearly all sensory information before relaying it to the cortex. What is the one sensation that is the EXCEPTION to this rule?

A.	smell	C.	sound
B.	sight	D.	taste

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Difficult

REF:   3.2 Subcortical Structures Control Emotions and Appetitive Behaviors

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

86.  According to a study by Maguire and colleagues, which part of a taxi driver’s brain is more likely to be larger than normal, and why?

A.	frontal lobe; quick motor reactions
B.	hippocampus; more detailed representations of the spatial world
C.	cerebellum; quick motor reactions
D.	thalamus; more detailed representations of the spatial world

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.2 Subcortical Structures Control Emotions and Appetitive Behaviors

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

87.  This brain structure is associated with the formation of memories.

A.	thalamus	C.	hippocampus
B.	amygdala	D.	hypothalamus

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.2 Subcortical Structures Control Emotions and Appetitive Behaviors

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

88.  The amygdala plays an important role in ________ , whereas the hippocampus plays an important role in ________.

A.	fear or emotional reactions; spatial memory
B.	emotions; automatic behaviors
C.	spatial memory; fear or emotional reactions
D.	automatic behaviors; emotions

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.2 Subcortical Structures Control Emotions and Appetitive Behaviors

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

89.  Which of the following subcortical structures plays an important role in fear processing?

A.	hypothalamus	C.	amygdala
B.	hippocampus	D.	basal ganglia

 

 

ANS:  C                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.2 Subcortical Structures Control Emotions and Appetitive Behaviors

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

90.  The basal ganglia is a system of subcortical structures critical for:

A.	planning and producing movement.
B.	regulating emotions.
C.	synthesizing incoming information.
D.	thinking.

 

 

ANS:  A                    DIF:    Easy

REF:   3.2 Subcortical Structures Control Emotions and Appetitive Behaviors

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering

 

91.  Which of the following structures is important for experiencing reward?

A.	frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex
B.	nucleus accumbens of the basal ganglia
C.	frontal lobe of the basal ganglia
D.	nucleus accumbens of the cerebral cortex

 

 

ANS:  B                    DIF:    Moderate

REF:   3.2 Subcortical Structures Control Emotions and Appetitive Behaviors

OBJ:   3.2A               NAT:  APA Goal 1, Knowledge Base in Psychology

MSC:  Remembering