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Sample Test
|
Chapter_03_Anatomy_for_Nutritions_Sake
True / False
|
|
1. Sucrose is digested to glucose
and fructose in the stomach.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System—Overview
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
2. Our appetite is controlled by
involuntary mechanisms.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System—Overview
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
3. The innermost layer of the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract wall is called the mucosa.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
4. Chemical digestion of protein
and carbohydrates begins in the mouth.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System—The Mouth
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
5. The lower esophageal sphincter
protects the esophagus from stomach acid splashing back into the esophagus.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
6. Once food is mixed into a
semi-liquid blend in the stomach, it is called a bolus.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
7. All the food from the stomach
is pushed into the small intestine at one time.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the digestive
system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion, including
accessory organs.
|
|
|
8. Intrinsic factor in the stomach
aids in the absorption of vitamin B12.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
9. Chyme must touch the walls of
the small intestine to be absorbed at the proper places.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System—Small Intestine
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
10. Nutrients are of little value
to the body unless they are absorbed across the small intestine into the
bloodstream or lymph.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
11. Hiccups are due to stomach
spasms.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.4 Spotlight: Gut Feelings-Common Digestive Problems
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.4 – Identify common digestive problems
and strategies to prevent them.
|
|
|
12. Humans are the only
free-living primates that consume cereal grains.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Nutrition Action: Do Your Genes Affect What’s in Your
Jeans?
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.3 – Recognize that most of the body’s
work is done automatically and is finely regulated to achieve a state of
well-being.
|
|
|
13. Nearly all of our metabolism
and physiology are the same as that of our ancestors who lived more than
10,000 years ago.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Do Your Genes Affect What’s in Your Jeans?
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.3 – Recognize that most of the body’s
work is done automatically and is finely regulated to achieve a state of
well-being.
|
|
|
14. Lactose intolerance is
uncommon in most of the world and exists only among a few populations.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.4 Spotlight: Gut Feelings-Common Digestive Problems
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.4 – Identify common digestive problems
and strategies to prevent them.
|
|
|
15. To maintain a healthy
digestive system, it is essential to have a bowel movement daily.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.4 Spotlight: Gut Feelings-Common Digestive Problems
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.4 – Identify common digestive problems
and strategies to prevent them.
|
|
|
16. Essential nutrients are synthesized
by the body in amounts sufficient to meet physiological needs.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Introduction
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.0 – Define essential nutrients.
|
|
|
17. The small intestine, while
smaller in diameter than the large intestine, is approximately the same
length as the large intestine.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
18. The digestive system is made
up of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract—also called the digestive tract—and the
liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
19. Chemical digestion of fiber
begins in the mouth.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
20. No digestion takes place in
the esophagus.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
21. Food entering the stomach from
the esophagus triggers peristalsis in the stomach.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
22. The colon has the same type of
mixing and peristaltic movements as in other sections of the digestive tract,
but they occur more frequently.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
23. Bile salts play a role in
absorption of water-soluble vitamins.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
24. Entry of chyme into the small
intestine is controlled by the sphincter of Oddi.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
25. In addition to digestive
functions, the liver is responsible for filtering bacteria and other
particles from the blood.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
26. The pancreas has both
endocrine and exocrine functions.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
27. Nutrients that leave the
digestive tract by way of lymph are packaged as chylomicrons that circulate
throughout the body, allowing cells to withdraw glucose from them.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.2 Metabolism: Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.2 – Outline how the metabolic processes
of catabolism and anabolism allow the body to store and release energy as
needed.
|
|
|
28. Bones provide reserves of
calcium, sodium, and other minerals that can be drawn on to keep blood levels
constant and to meet cellular demands.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.2 Metabolism: Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.2 – Outline how the metabolic processes
of catabolism and anabolism allow the body to store and release energy as
needed.
|
|
|
29. Cholesterol and bile pigments
from the breakdown of hemoglobin are excreted in bile.
|
ANSWER:
|
True
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
30. Veins are blood vessels that
carry nutrient-rich blood from the heart throughout the body to the tissues.
|
ANSWER:
|
False
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
31. Another term for amylase is
_____.
|
|
a.
|
bile
|
|
|
b.
|
ptyalin
|
|
|
c.
|
chyme
|
|
|
d.
|
bicarbonate
|
|
|
e.
|
mucus
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
32. What condition may result if
the lower esophageal sphincter is not closed tight enough after eating?
|
|
a.
|
heartburn
|
|
|
b.
|
high blood pressure
|
|
|
c.
|
burping
|
|
|
d.
|
hiccups
|
|
|
e.
|
diarrhea
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
33. What nutrient is broken into
smaller polypeptide fragments through digestive processes that occur in the
stomach?
|
|
a.
|
vitamin B12
|
|
|
b.
|
lactose
|
|
|
c.
|
insoluble fiber
|
|
|
d.
|
protein
|
|
|
e.
|
soluble fiber
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
34. What body structure controls
the flow of chyme into the small intestine?
|
|
a.
|
lower esophageal sphincter
|
|
|
b.
|
pyloric sphincter
|
|
|
c.
|
ileocecal valve
|
|
|
d.
|
oral cavity
|
|
|
e.
|
cortex
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
35. What substance neutralizes
stomach acid as chyme enters the small intestine?
|
|
a.
|
amylase
|
|
|
b.
|
pepsin
|
|
|
c.
|
bile
|
|
|
d.
|
bicarbonate
|
|
|
e.
|
glycogen
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
36. When present in the small
intestine, ____ stimulates peristalsis.
|
|
a.
|
protein
|
|
|
b.
|
fiber
|
|
|
c.
|
vitamins
|
|
|
d.
|
starch
|
|
|
e.
|
fat
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
37. During digestion, larger
nutrients are broken into smaller units, including ____.
|
|
a.
|
amino acids, fatty acids, and glucose
|
|
|
b.
|
glycerol, protein, and glucose
|
|
|
c.
|
fatty acids, amino acids, and pepsin
|
|
|
d.
|
amino acids, fiber, and glycerol
|
|
|
e.
|
glucose, pepsin, and cholesterol
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
38. By the time the digested
mixture reaches the end of the small intestine, little is left but water,
indigestible residue, and ____.
|
|
a.
|
dissolved minerals
|
|
|
b.
|
glucose
|
|
|
c.
|
amino acids
|
|
|
d.
|
vitamins
|
|
|
e.
|
fat
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
39. What substances are normally
present in feces?
|
|
a.
|
water, red blood cells, fiber, and bacteria
|
|
|
b.
|
fiber, water, bicarbonate, and bile
|
|
|
c.
|
bacteria, water, hydrochloric acid, and fiber
|
|
|
d.
|
fiber, maltase, water, and bacteria
|
|
|
e.
|
water, bile pigments, fiber, and bacteria
|
|
ANSWER:
|
e
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
40. Joe finds himself troubled
with gas after eating certain foods. The quantity and quality of intestinal
gas is related to the characteristics of intestinal bacteria and ____.
|
|
a.
|
the types of foods eaten
|
|
|
b.
|
the amount of water in the large intestine
|
|
|
c.
|
the amount of food eaten
|
|
|
d.
|
the quantity of vitamin K in the large intestine
|
|
|
e.
|
the amount of bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
41. Susan had her gallbladder
removed. What substance would Susan’s body normally store in this organ?
|
|
a.
|
amylase
|
|
|
b.
|
bile
|
|
|
c.
|
bicarbonate
|
|
|
d.
|
water
|
|
|
e.
|
glycogen
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
42. What chemical stimulates the
gallbladder to send bile into the small intestine?
|
|
a.
|
cholecystokinin
|
|
|
b.
|
bicarbonate
|
|
|
c.
|
lycopene
|
|
|
d.
|
linoleic acid
|
|
|
e.
|
hydrochloric acid
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
43. What is an endocrine function
of the pancreas?
|
|
a.
|
Secreting enzymes that break down proteins
|
|
|
b.
|
Secreting bicarbonate
|
|
|
c.
|
Secreting amylase
|
|
|
d.
|
Secreting insulin
|
|
|
e.
|
Secreting bile
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
44. All nutrients leaving the
digestive system by way of the blood are taken to the ____.
|
|
a.
|
pancreas
|
|
|
b.
|
large intestine
|
|
|
c.
|
liver
|
|
|
d.
|
gallbladder
|
|
|
e.
|
stomach
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.2 Metabolism: Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.2 – Outline how the metabolic processes
of catabolism and anabolism allow the body to store and release energy as
needed.
|
|
|
45. Joe is taking a nutrition
course and learns that the galactose in his milk ends up as glucose. Where
does this conversion take place?
|
|
a.
|
brain
|
|
|
b.
|
liver
|
|
|
c.
|
gallbladder
|
|
|
d.
|
appendix
|
|
|
e.
|
pancreas
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.2 Metabolism: Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.2 – Outline how the metabolic processes
of catabolism and anabolism allow the body to store and release energy as
needed.
|
|
|
46. It is impossible for
amino acids to be altered or used in the liver to form ____.
|
|
a.
|
glucose
|
|
|
b.
|
fat
|
|
|
c.
|
insoluble fiber
|
|
|
d.
|
another amino acid
|
|
|
e.
|
lipoprotein
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.2 Metabolism: Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.2 – Outline how the metabolic processes
of catabolism and anabolism allow the body to store and release energy as
needed.
|
|
|
47. Excess glucose in the body is
converted to ____.
|
|
a.
|
insulin
|
|
|
b.
|
amino acids
|
|
|
c.
|
lipoproteins
|
|
|
d.
|
fat and glycogen
|
|
|
e.
|
cholesterol and glucagon
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.2 Metabolism: Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.2 – Outline how the metabolic processes
of catabolism and anabolism allow the body to store and release energy as
needed.
|
|
|
48. Glycogen provides the body
with glucose when ____.
|
|
a.
|
excess calories are eaten
|
|
|
b.
|
a high-carbohydrate meal is consumed
|
|
|
c.
|
glucose absorbed from ingested foods is depleted
|
|
|
d.
|
a person has type 1 diabetes
|
|
|
e.
|
the fat content of a person’s diet is elevated
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.2 Metabolism: Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.2 – Outline how the metabolic processes
of catabolism and anabolism allow the body to store and release energy as
needed.
|
|
|
49. What conversion represents an
anabolic reaction?
|
|
a.
|
glycogen to glucose
|
|
|
b.
|
protein to amino acids
|
|
|
c.
|
triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol
|
|
|
d.
|
glucose to glycogen
|
|
|
e.
|
protein to glucose
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.2 Metabolism: Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.2 – Outline how the metabolic processes
of catabolism and anabolism allow the body to store and release energy as
needed.
|
|
|
50. What body chemical is an
emulsifier?
|
|
a.
|
amino acids
|
|
|
b.
|
bile
|
|
|
c.
|
amylase
|
|
|
d.
|
bicarbonate
|
|
|
e.
|
hydrochloric acid
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
51. What role does bicarbonate
play in digestion?
|
|
a.
|
Digests protein in the small intestine
|
|
|
b.
|
Uncoils proteins in the stomach
|
|
|
c.
|
Neutralizes acid from the stomach in the small
intestine
|
|
|
d.
|
Aids in the absorption of vitamin B12
|
|
|
e.
|
Emulsifies fat into small particles
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
52. Approximately how long does it
take for a meal to empty from the stomach?
|
|
a.
|
one hour
|
|
|
b.
|
two hours
|
|
|
c.
|
four hours
|
|
|
d.
|
six hours
|
|
|
e.
|
eight hours
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
53. What is the main site of
digestion and absorption of nutrients?
|
|
a.
|
mouth
|
|
|
b.
|
stomach
|
|
|
c.
|
small intestine
|
|
|
d.
|
large intestine
|
|
|
e.
|
liver
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
54. What enzyme present in the
mouth is responsible for converting starch into small polysaccharides?
|
|
a.
|
amylase
|
|
|
b.
|
maltase
|
|
|
c.
|
lactase
|
|
|
d.
|
polypeptidase
|
|
|
e.
|
lipase
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
55. Following digestion, what
nutrients are first carried in the lymph?
|
|
a.
|
Protein and products of fat digestion
|
|
|
b.
|
Fat-soluble vitamins and minerals
|
|
|
c.
|
Water-soluble vitamins and protein
|
|
|
d.
|
Products of fat digestion and fat-soluble vitamins
|
|
|
e.
|
Water and minerals
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
56. What nutrient requires
“intrinsic factor” in order to be absorbed?
|
|
a.
|
glucose
|
|
|
b.
|
fructose
|
|
|
c.
|
vitamin B12
|
|
|
d.
|
vitamin C
|
|
|
e.
|
iron
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
57. Joe is eating a peanut butter
and jelly sandwich on whole-wheat bread. What nutrient in his sandwich is
chemically digested in his mouth?
|
|
a.
|
The fat in the peanut butter
|
|
|
b.
|
The fiber in the peanut butter
|
|
|
c.
|
The vitamins in the bread
|
|
|
d.
|
The starch in the bread
|
|
|
e.
|
The protein in the bread and in the peanut butter
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
58. The ____ produces bile and the
____ stores it.
|
|
a.
|
gallbladder; colon
|
|
|
b.
|
stomach; liver
|
|
|
c.
|
small intestine; large intestine
|
|
|
d.
|
pancreas; gallbladder
|
|
|
e.
|
liver; gallbladder
|
|
ANSWER:
|
e
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
59. During the process of
digestion, where in the body does a bolus form?
|
|
a.
|
In the esophagus
|
|
|
b.
|
In the small intestine
|
|
|
c.
|
In the colon
|
|
|
d.
|
In the liver
|
|
|
e.
|
In the rectum
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3,1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
60. What organs are the accessory
organs of digestion?
|
|
a.
|
liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
|
|
|
b.
|
liver, rectum, and appendix
|
|
|
c.
|
colon, appendix, and gallbladder
|
|
|
d.
|
pancreas, esophagus, and salivary glands
|
|
|
e.
|
appendix, pancreas, and large intestine
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
61. Which characteristics most
accurately depict our ancestors’ diets and lifestyles?
|
|
a.
|
They drank more milk than we do and were more active.
|
|
|
b.
|
They ate less fiber than we do and were less active.
|
|
|
c.
|
They ate less saturated fat than we do and were more
active.
|
|
|
d.
|
They ate more fruits and vegetables than we do and were
less active.
|
|
|
e.
|
They ate proportionately less meat than we do and were
more active.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Nutrition Action: Do Your Genes Affect What’s in Your
Jeans?
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.3 – Recognize that most of the body’s
work is done automatically and is finely regulated to achieve a state of
well-being.
|
|
|
62. When the body does not require
energy, end-products of digestion are converted to ____.
|
|
a.
|
protein and fat
|
|
|
b.
|
fat and amino acids
|
|
|
c.
|
glycogen and glucose
|
|
|
d.
|
enzymes and glycogen
|
|
|
e.
|
fat and glycogen
|
|
ANSWER:
|
e
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.2 Metabolism: Breaking Down Nutrients for Energy
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.2 – Outline how the metabolic processes
of catabolism and anabolism allow the body to store and release energy as
needed.
|
|
|
63. What nutrients are carried initially
in the lymphatic system after absorption through the small intestine?
|
|
a.
|
glucose and fructose
|
|
|
b.
|
water-soluble vitamins
|
|
|
c.
|
fat-soluble vitamins
|
|
|
d.
|
minerals
|
|
|
e.
|
amino acids
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
64. What task is a major function
of the stomach?
|
|
a.
|
Producing emulsifiers
|
|
|
b.
|
Producing chyme
|
|
|
c.
|
Hosting bacteria that produce vitamin K
|
|
|
d.
|
Creating a food bolus
|
|
|
e.
|
Dismantling carbohydrates
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
65. One reason the stomach’s
hydrochloric acid is important is that it ____.
|
|
a.
|
synthesizes absorbable vitamin K
|
|
|
b.
|
kills bacteria
|
|
|
c.
|
breaks down and absorbs fat-soluble vitamins
|
|
|
d.
|
facilitates the action of amylase
|
|
|
e.
|
produces bile to emulsify fat particles
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
66. How does the type of food
eaten influence stomach emptying rate?
|
|
a.
|
The type of food has virtually no impact on the stomach
emptying rate.
|
|
|
b.
|
Solids pass through the stomach more quickly than liquids.
|
|
|
c.
|
Proteins pass through the stomach more slowly than
fats.
|
|
|
d.
|
Carbohydrates pass through the stomach more quickly
than proteins.
|
|
|
e.
|
Fats pass through the stomach more quickly than
carbohydrates.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
67. The volume of an empty stomach
is about ____, but its capacity can increase to about ____ after eating or
drinking.
|
|
a.
|
1/2 cup; 2 cups
|
|
|
b.
|
1 ounce; 1-1/2 liters
|
|
|
c.
|
1-1/2 ounces; 1 liter
|
|
|
d.
|
1/2 liter; 1-1/2 liters
|
|
|
e.
|
3 ounces; 3 cups
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
68. What is the circular muscle
surrounding the lower end of the stomach that controls the exodus of stomach
contents?
|
|
a.
|
pylorus
|
|
|
b.
|
gastric sphincter
|
|
|
c.
|
lower esophageal sphincter
|
|
|
d.
|
ileocecal valve
|
|
|
e.
|
external sphincter
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
69. Hemorrhoids are ____.
|
|
a.
|
a life-threatening complication of constipation
|
|
|
b.
|
relatively rare in the U.S. adult population
|
|
|
c.
|
patches of itchy, irritated skin around the anus
|
|
|
d.
|
swollen and inflamed veins around the anus
|
|
|
e.
|
seldom experienced during pregnancy
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.4 Spotlight: Gut Feelings-Common Digestive Problems
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.4 – Identify common digestive problems
and strategies to prevent them.
|
|
|
70. How can one prevent
hemorrhoids from developing or recurring?
|
|
a.
|
Eating more fiber and drinking more water
|
|
|
b.
|
Taking 10-minute baths in warm water several times a
day
|
|
|
c.
|
Avoiding gas-producing foods (as determined by trial
and error)
|
|
|
d.
|
Applying over-the-counter hemorrhoid cream to the
affected area
|
|
|
e.
|
Taking a small dose of laxatives on a daily basis
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.4 Spotlight: Gut Feelings-Common Digestive Problems
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.4 – Identify common digestive problems
and strategies to prevent them.
|
|
|
Vignette #1
Sue and Juan are newlyweds, and Sue is taking a nutrition
course at the local college. She wants to apply the principles that she has
learned. Juan is currently a bit overweight and rarely eats a balanced diet.
Sue notices that he usually has gas after meals, especially when dairy is
present. Lately, he has also been complaining about constipation. Let’s see
what you can do to assist Sue in her efforts to analyze Juan’s digestive
problems.
|
|
71. Sue is planning a meal for
Juan and wants to avoid any foods that are associated with causing gas. What
food would she omit from the meal?
|
|
a.
|
enriched white bread
|
|
|
b.
|
soda crackers
|
|
|
c.
|
cabbage
|
|
|
d.
|
strawberries
|
|
|
e.
|
white rice
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.4 Spotlight: Gut Feelings-Common Digestive Problems
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
Vignette #1
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.4 – Identify common digestive problems
and strategies to prevent them.
|
|
|
72. To help Juan with his
constipation, which action is only advised after other measures have failed?
|
|
a.
|
Take a laxative after consulting a physician.
|
|
|
b.
|
Eat bran cereal for breakfast and more vegetables
throughout the day.
|
|
|
c.
|
Drink more fluids.
|
|
|
d.
|
Take a walk at lunchtime and after work every day.
|
|
|
e.
|
Pay attention to the urge to have a bowel movement.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.4 Spotlight: Gut Feelings-Common Digestive Problems
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
Vignette #1
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.4 – Identify common digestive problems
and strategies to prevent them.
|
|
|
73. Juan is unsure about topics
surrounding gas in the digestive system. What statement about gas is
correct?
|
|
a.
|
Gas from swallowed air has a bad odor.
|
|
|
b.
|
Belched gas leaves through the rectum.
|
|
|
c.
|
The average adult passes gas twice a day.
|
|
|
d.
|
Some gas is produced by the bacteria that live in our
colon.
|
|
|
e.
|
Gas produced due to lactose maldigestion is typically
accompanied by constipation.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.4 Spotlight: Gut Feelings-Common Digestive Problems
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
Vignette #1
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.4 – Identify common digestive problems
and strategies to prevent them.
|
|
|
74. Juan frequently acquires the
hiccups. What is a common cause for this ailment?
|
|
a.
|
Swallowing air
|
|
|
b.
|
Withdrawal from smoking
|
|
|
c.
|
Eating bananas
|
|
|
d.
|
Drinking hot beverages
|
|
|
e.
|
Consuming a glass of wine
|
|
ANSWER:
|
a
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.4 Spotlight: Gut Feelings-Common Digestive Problems
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
Vignette #1
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.4 – Identify common digestive problems
and strategies to prevent them.
|
|
|
75. Why might Juan have gas after
eating dairy products?
|
|
a.
|
He eats dairy products with vegetables at the same
meal.
|
|
|
b.
|
Bacteria in his colon digest the lactose, producing
gas.
|
|
|
c.
|
The lactose from the milk remains in his stomach and
creates gas.
|
|
|
d.
|
His body does not make enough sucrase to digest the
dairy sugar.
|
|
|
e.
|
His body produces too much lactase, resulting in gas
formation.
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.4 Spotlight: Gut Feelings-Common Digestive Problems
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
Vignette #1
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.4 – Identify common digestive problems
and strategies to prevent them.
|
|
|
Vignette #2
Maggie is a 34-year-old mother of two children. She was told
by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and
calls her mother saying, “Mom, I can’t believe this!!! How am I going to live
without my liver? You have to have a liver to survive, and the doctor wants
to remove it!” Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going
on. Maggie’s mother soon realizes that Maggie’s liver is fine, but her
gallbladder needs to be removed.
|
|
76. What is the main role of the
gallbladder?
|
|
a.
|
Digesting starch
|
|
|
b.
|
Storing bile until needed
|
|
|
c.
|
Controlling the emptying of the stomach
|
|
|
d.
|
Sending digestive enzymes to the small intestine
|
|
|
e.
|
Producing bile
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
Vignette #2
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
77. Bile empties from the gall
bladder into the ____.
|
|
a.
|
pancreas
|
|
|
b.
|
liver
|
|
|
c.
|
duodenum
|
|
|
d.
|
hepatic duct
|
|
|
e.
|
jejunum
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
Vignette #2
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
78. After Maggie’s gallbladder has
been removed, what nutrient might she have difficulty digesting?
|
|
a.
|
carbohydrates
|
|
|
b.
|
fat
|
|
|
c.
|
protein
|
|
|
d.
|
vitamins
|
|
|
e.
|
minerals
|
|
ANSWER:
|
b
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Apply
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
Vignette #2
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
79. Where in the system does bile
aid with digestion?
|
|
a.
|
In the mouth
|
|
|
b.
|
In the stomach
|
|
|
c.
|
In the small intestine
|
|
|
d.
|
In the rectum
|
|
|
e.
|
In the appendix
|
|
ANSWER:
|
c
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
Vignette #2
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
80. What role would be excluded in
a list of “Functions of the Liver?”
|
|
a.
|
Converting excess glucose to glycogen
|
|
|
b.
|
Converting excess carbohydrates into fat
|
|
|
c.
|
Detoxifying drugs and alcohol
|
|
|
d.
|
Secreting the majority of digestive enzymes
|
|
|
e.
|
Removing damaged red blood cells from the blood
|
|
ANSWER:
|
d
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
PREFACE NAME:
|
Vignette #2
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the digestive
system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion, including
accessory organs.
|
|
|
Match
each enzyme to its enzyme function.
|
a.
|
Splits the disaccharide maltose into two molecules of
glucose
|
|
b.
|
Separates protein into shorter chains of amino acids
|
|
c.
|
Splits short chains of amino acids into molecules
containing one, two, or three amino acids
|
|
d.
|
Splits the disaccharide sucrose into glucose and
fructose
|
|
e.
|
Splits the disaccharide lactose into glucose and
galactose
|
|
f.
|
Breaks down fats into fragments of fatty acids and
glycerol
|
|
g.
|
Breaks down starch into smaller chains of glucose
molecules
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Remember
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
98. Provide a general overview
with a brief description (or example) of each level of organization within
the body beginning with cells and ending with a body system.
|
ANSWER:
|
Cells are organized into tissues designed to perform specialized tasks.
For example, some cells are organized to form muscle tissue that helps move
our bodies from place to place. Tissues can be organized to form organs. One organ, the heart, relies on muscle
tissues, nerve tissues, and connective tissues to pump blood throughout the
body. When several organs work together cooperatively, these organs are
considered parts of a body system.
One such system, the digestive system, consists of organs and tissues
working together to supply necessary energy, water, and essential nutrients
to every cell in our bodies.
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
Introduction
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.0 – Define essential nutrients.
|
|
|
99. Briefly describe
characteristics of bile: where it is produced, its components, where it is
stored, and its role in digestion.
|
ANSWER:
|
The liver produces about one liter of bile each day.
Bile, made up of water, bile salts, bile pigments, and cholesterol, is
slightly alkaline, which helps neutralize acidic chyme in the intestinal
tract.
Bile is stored in the gallbladder and released through the common bile
duct into the small intestine when fat arrives there. The bile emulsifies
the fat, making it ready for enzyme action. Bile emulsifies fat-soluble
vitamins and aids in their absorption with other fats. The bile pigments
and cholesterol are waste products and are eventually eliminated from the
body.
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
100. Describe the lining of the
small intestine and how its structure is related to its function.
|
ANSWER:
|
The intestinal tract lining is composed of a single
sheet of cells, and the sheet pokes out into millions of finger-shaped
projections called villi. Each villus has its own capillary network and a
lymph vessel so that as nutrients move across the cells, they can
immediately mingle into the body fluids. Every villus cell has a brush-like
covering of tiny hairs, called microvilli, which can trap nutrient
particles.
The lining of the small intestine, villi and all, is wrinkled into
thousands of folds, making its absorbent surface area enormous. If the
folds and the villi that cover them were spread out flat, the total area
would equal the size of a tennis court. The billions of cells of that
surface, although they weigh only 4 to 5 pounds total, absorb enough
nutrients in a few hours a day to nourish the other 150 or so pounds of
body tissues.
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
|
101. Which organs of the digestive
system are classified as “accessory” organs? What is the function of each of
these organs in regard to digestion?
|
ANSWER:
|
Accessory organs (organs outside the digestive
tract)—the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas—contribute digestive juices
through a common duct into the small intestine. Presence of these digestive
juices and enzymes requires ancillary cells that specialize in protecting
the digestive system. They do so by secreting a layer of thick, viscous
mucus.
Liver
The liver, which produces bile, determines the metabolic fate of every
nutrient we digest and absorb, in addition to performing a wide variety of
other functions, most of them essential for life.
Gallbladder
The gallbladder is a sac, attached to the liver, where bile is stored
and concentrated. Bile empties from the gallbladder into the uppermost part
of the small intestine (duodenum) via the common bile duct. Entry
of bile into the small intestine is controlled by the sphincter of Oddi.
Pancreas
The pancreas lies behind the stomach and upper portion of the small
intestine. The principal functions of the pancreas are exocrine.
Bicarbonate and digestive enzymes that act on carbohydrates, proteins, and
fats are secreted into the duodenum. Pancreatic amylase breaks down starch
and other complex carbohydrates into simpler sugars called disaccharides.
|
|
DIFFICULTY:
|
BLOOM’S: Understand
|
|
REFERENCES:
|
3.1 The Digestive System
|
|
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
|
PNUT.BOYL.16.3.1 – Explain how food moves through the
digestive system and identify the role of each organ involved in digestion,
including accessory organs.
|
|
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