Periodontology for the Dental Hygienist, 4th Edition – Test Bank
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Chapter 3: Epidemiology of Periodontal Diseases
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
Which plaque scoring system evaluates the amount of plaque at the gingival margin?
|
a. |
O’Leary Index |
|
b. |
Plaque Index of Silness and
Löe |
|
c. |
Gingival Index of Löe and
Silness |
|
d. |
Simplified Oral Hygiene
Index of Greene and Vermillion |
ANS: B
The Plaque Index of Silness and Löe is designed to evaluate the
quantity of plaque at the gingival margin.
PTS: 1
2.
Which index has both a debris and calculus index that can be combined for an
oral hygiene index?
|
a. |
O’Leary Index |
|
b. |
Plaque Index of Silness and
Löe |
|
c. |
Gingival Index of Löe and
Silness |
|
d. |
Simplified Oral Hygiene
Index of Greene and Vermillion |
ANS: D
The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index of Greene and Vermillion
(OHI-S) has both a plaque and a debris index.
PTS: 1
3.
Which index uses a specially designed periodontal probe called the World Health
Organization probe?
|
a. |
Sulcus Bleeding Index |
|
b. |
Russell’s Periodontal Index |
|
c. |
Periodontal Disease Index
of Ramfjord |
|
d. |
Community Index of
Periodontal Treatment Needs |
ANS: D
The Community Index of Periodontal Treatment Needs (CIPTN) has a
specially designed probe for making measurements.
PTS: 1
4.
The 1987 national data on the oral health of United States adults showed that
calculus is present in approximately:
|
a. |
One-fourth of all adults. |
c. |
One-half of all adults. |
|
b. |
One-third of all adults. |
d. |
Two-thirds of all adults. |
ANS: B
Calculus has been shown to be present on approximately one-third
of adults.
PTS: 1
5.
Tobacco use is associated with increased levels of periodontal disease. It has multiple
systemic effects that alter the inflammatory process.
|
a. |
Both statements are TRUE. |
|
b. |
Both statements are FALSE. |
|
c. |
The first statement is
TRUE, and the second is FALSE. |
|
d. |
The second statement is
FALSE, and the first is TRUE. |
ANS: A
Both statements are true. Tobacco has many effects on the immune
system and its use is clearly linked to increased incidence of periodontal
disease.
PTS: 1
Please use the description to answer the following questions.
In an epidemiologic study of periodontal disease, the dental
hygienist identified a population of 100 individuals but could only select 50
for examination because of time and resource constraints. All individuals were
to be examined within two weeks while they were visiting the local dental
clinic. The dental hygienist planned to probe all teeth in each subject and set
the definition of disease at 1 probe depth of 4 mm. The dental hygienist was
also interested in identifying risk factors; therefore, subjects were
questioned regarding age, socioeconomic status, and smoking status. Both men
and women were to be included in the study and were in equal proportion in the
population of 100.
6.
What kind of epidemiologic study is planned?
|
a. |
Cohort design |
c. |
Cross-sectional design |
|
b. |
Case-control design |
|
|
ANS: C
This is a small cross-sectional study of patients who came for
treatment to this particular clinic.
PTS: 1
7.
When the data were collected on the 50 subjects, how broadly could the findings
be generalized?
|
a. |
To all persons in the world |
|
b. |
To the population of
America |
|
c. |
To the population living in
the area |
|
d. |
To the 100 members of the
larger group |
ANS: D
The results could be generalized to the population of 100 because
the dental hygienist took a random sample for evaluation.
PTS: 1
8.
What is the best way to identify the 50 subjects from the population of 100?
|
a. |
Select every other
individual. |
|
b. |
Randomly select 50
individuals. |
|
c. |
Examine the first 50 individuals. |
|
d. |
Select the first 25 females
and the first 25 males. |
|
e. |
Place the individuals in
alphabetical order and select every other person. |
ANS: B
Random selection provides an unbiased sample of patients.
PTS: 1
9.
What is the best way for the researcher to evaluate smoking among the
population?
|
a. |
Ask everyone how much they
smoke. |
|
b. |
Define smoking by a
specified amount. Divide the group into smokers and nonsmokers. |
|
c. |
Include everyone who smokes
or has ever smoked. |
ANS: B
Define smoking, and identify the group of smokers that meets the
criteria.
PTS: 1
10. Ten
of the subjects in the study group met the criterion for having periodontal
disease. The percent of the SAMPLE with periodontal disease was:
|
a. |
Ten of 50, or 20%. |
c. |
Ten of 10, or 100%. |
|
b. |
Five of 10, or 50%. |
d. |
Ten of 100, or 10%. |
ANS: A
20% of the sample of 50 subjects had periodontal disease.
PTS: 1
11. The
dental hygienist was able to generalize the results to the broader population.
The percent of the population with periodontal disease was:
|
a. |
Ten of 50, or 20%. |
c. |
Ten of 10, or 100%. |
|
b. |
Five of 10, or 50%. |
d. |
Ten of 100, or 10%. |
ANS: A
20% of the population had periodontal disease.
PTS: 1
12. Two
of the individuals in the SAMPLE group with no evidence of periodontal disease
SMOKED. What was the number in the sample who did NOT smoke and did NOT have
periodontal disease?
|
a. |
20 |
c. |
38 |
|
b. |
25 |
d. |
50 |
ANS: C
The sample was 50 subjects. Two who did not have periodontal
disease smoked, and 10 had periodontal disease. So, of the 50 subjects, 38 did
not smoke and did not have periodontal disease.
PTS: 1
13. Two
of the individuals in the studied SAMPLE group who had periodontal disease also
SMOKED. What percent of the SAMPLE with periodontal disease SMOKED?
|
a. |
2% |
c. |
20% |
|
b. |
4% |
d. |
100% |
ANS: C
Two subjects of the 10 who had periodontal disease also smoked.
Therefore, 20% of those with periodontal disease also smoked.
PTS: 1
14. What
percent of the study POPULATION both SMOKED and had periodontal disease?
|
a. |
2% |
c. |
20% |
|
b. |
5% |
d. |
100% |
ANS: C
Because the results can be generalized to the population, 20% of
the population with periodontal disease also smoked.
PTS: 1
15. There
were NO gender differences identified in the sample studied; both men and women
in the study group demonstrated the same characteristics of smoking and
periodontal disease. What conclusion can the dental hygienist draw about the
effects of gender on periodontal disease in this population?
|
a. |
The results were equally
generalizable to men and women in the population. |
|
b. |
Based on previous published
evidence, the dental hygienist knew that the men in the population had more
disease. |
|
c. |
The results could only be attributed
to the smaller study group; gender differences were likely present in the
population. |
|
d. |
No conclusions could be
drawn about the population from the sample because it did not conform to
previously published data. |
ANS: A
In this study the results were equal for men and women, so the
dental hygienist can say that in this study population results did not differ
by gender.
PTS: 1
Test Bank
Chapter 4: Microbiology of Periodontal Diseases
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.
What distinguishes supragingival dental plaque from material alba?
|
a. |
The number of bacteria |
|
b. |
The location of the deposit
on the tooth |
|
c. |
The amount of calcium and
phosphate ions present |
|
d. |
The strength of adherence
of the deposit to the tooth structure |
ANS: D
Plaque biofilm and material alba are distinguished by the
strength of adherence to the tooth; material alba is loose and can easily be
rinsed away.
PTS: 1
2.
Endotoxin is a:
|
a. |
Component of normal saliva. |
|
b. |
Pathogen that causes
incipient root caries. |
|
c. |
Component of the cell wall
of Gram-positive rods. |
|
d. |
Pathogen that is easily
degraded by salivary enzymes. |
|
e. |
Component of the cell wall
of Gram-negative organisms. |
ANS: E
Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) is a toxic component of the
Gram-negative cell wall found within the cells.
PTS: 1
3.
Saccharolytic (sugar-consuming) bacteria:
|
a. |
Usually possess fimbriae. |
|
b. |
Produce amino acid end
products. |
|
c. |
Cannot survive in an oxygenated
environment. |
|
d. |
Obtain energy from
carbohydrate metabolism. |
ANS: D
Saccharolytic bacteria are sugar-consuming and therefore obtain
energy from carbohydrate metabolism.
PTS: 1
4.
All of the following are characteristics of salivary glycoproteins EXCEPT one.
Which one is the EXCEPTION?
|
a. |
They form pellicle. |
|
b. |
They promote bacterial
aggregation. |
|
c. |
They result from lysis of
the bacterial cell wall. |
|
d. |
They enhance binding of
bacteria to tooth surfaces. |
ANS: C
Glycoproteins do not lyse cell walls; they are important in
bacterial attachment to pellicle and into colonies.
PTS: 1
5.
What characteristic is the first step of bacterial growth into biofilm?
|
a. |
The ability to multiply
rapidly |
|
b. |
The ability to adhere to
pellicle |
|
c. |
The ability to form
bacterial coaggregations |
|
d. |
The ability to survive in
an acid environment |
|
e. |
The ability to multiply in
an aerobic environment |
ANS: B
Adherence to pellicle is the first step for bacteria to begin to
grow into a biofilm.
PTS: 1
6.
Which process facilitates bacterial aggregation?
|
a. |
Formation of levans |
|
b. |
Decreased oxygen tension |
|
c. |
Interaction of fimbriae
with endotoxin |
|
d. |
Nonselective attachment of Gram-negative
bacteria |
ANS: A
Levans and other soluble glucans are used as energy sources and
facilitate aggregation of bacterial organisms.
PTS: 1
7.
Which factor facilitates the early growth of subgingival plaque?
|
a. |
Predominance of filamentous
bacteria |
|
b. |
Greater production of
fermentation end products |
|
c. |
Presence of
hemin-containing proteins in crevicular fluid |
|
d. |
Formation of highly
branched extracellular polysaccharides |
ANS: C
Hemin-containing proteins in the crevicular fluid provide
nutrients for plaque biofilm growth.
PTS: 1
8.
Based on the specific plaque hypothesis, gingival health can be monitored by:
|
a. |
Measuring the amount of
plaque. |
|
b. |
Recording the number of times
the teeth are brushed daily. |
|
c. |
Determining the total
number of bacteria in plaque samples. |
|
d. |
Distinguishing the various
types of bacteria in plaque samples. |
ANS: D
The specific plaque hypothesis suggests that disease processes
are associated with types of organisms in the plaque biofilm, rather than
quantity of biofilm present.
PTS: 1
9.
Which characteristic describes the primary periodontal pathogens?
|
a. |
Motility |
c. |
Fimbriae on the cell
surface |
|
b. |
Lack of motility |
d. |
Filaments on the cell
surface |
ANS: A
Motility is one of the primary characteristics of periodontal
pathogens.
PTS: 1
10. All
of the following are characteristics of mature dental plaque biofilms EXCEPT
one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
|
a. |
Highly uniform structure |
c. |
Extracellular matrix
glycocalyx |
|
b. |
Channels for nutrient
exchange |
d. |
Multiple types of
microorganisms |
ANS: A
Mature plaque biofilm mass is not uniform in organization.
PTS: 1
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