Pediatric Nursing Caring For Children And Their Families 3rd Edition by Nicki L. Potts-Test Bank
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Sample Test
CHAPTER 3: THE CHILD IN CONTEXT OF THE FAMILY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When
the nurse treats families as context, the emphasis is on which of the
following?
|
a. |
extended family |
c. |
community |
|
b. |
nuclear family |
d. |
individual |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. The extended
family may become emphasized when the family is viewed as an interactional
system or as a social institution. |
|
B |
Incorrect. The nuclear
family may be emphasized when the family is viewed as a client or as an
interactional system or as a social institution. |
|
C |
Incorrect. The community
may be emphasized when the family is viewed as a social institution as a part
of the larger community. |
|
D |
Correct. The view of the family as context actually emphasizes the
individual within that context. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 58 – Definition of the Family
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
2. Sociologists
define the family as a group of people:
|
a. |
with blood ties, adoption,
guardianship, or marriage |
|
b. |
with a focus on
perpetuating the species |
|
c. |
who are living together |
|
d. |
who have strong emotional
ties |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. The legal
definition emphasizes relationships through blood ties, adoption,
guardianship or marriage. |
|
B |
Incorrect. The religious
traditions tend to focus upon family with a focus upon procreation. |
|
C |
Correct. Sociologists define the family as a group of people living
together. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Psychologists
define the family as a group with strong emotional ties. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 58 – Definition of the Family
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
3. Which
of the following definitions best matches the U.S. Bureau of Census definition
of family?
|
a. |
everyone in a household
regardless of relationship |
|
b. |
father, mother, and
children |
|
c. |
a group of two or more
people related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together |
|
d. |
a household of only those
related by marriage(s) or birth, which would include extended family |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. Close, but not
precise enough for the U. S. Bureau of Census. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Close, but not
expansive enough for the U. S. Bureau of Census. |
|
C |
Correct. U. S. Bureau of Census defines family as a group of two or
more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together.
The Census Bureau has used this definition for years. |
|
D |
Incorrect. The diversity of
family structures in the U. S. requires that extended family be included, but
not according to the Census Bureau. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 58 – Definition of the Family
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
4. Nurses
using a contemporary definition should identify a client’s family by asking
which of these questions?
|
a. |
Who do you consider to be
your family? |
|
b. |
Are your parents and
siblings living? |
|
c. |
Are you married and do you
have any children? |
|
d. |
Who lives with you in your
household? |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. Nurses working with families should first ask their clients
whom they consider to be their family and then include those individuals in
their health care planning. |
|
B |
Incorrect. The fact that
parents and siblings are living is important, but does not address the
definition of one’s family. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Important
question, but asks about a more traditional concept of family. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Important
question, and approaches the question of significant others, but does not
address the issue of family directly. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 58 – Definition of the Family
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
5. The
major goal of the nurse using Neuman’s nursing theory would be to:
|
a. |
assist the individual to
identify helpful and antagonistic family members |
|
b. |
help keep the family
structure stable within its environment |
|
c. |
enhance interactions
between all extended family and the individual |
|
d. |
minimize ineffective
communication between family and society |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. Neuman’s system
theory is concerned with the whole rather than segregating its members into
two groups. |
|
B |
Correct. Neuman’s system theory is consistent with a family systems
approach, describing the family as the recipient of nursing care. The family
is described as an appropriate target for both assessment and nursing
interventions. The way each member expresses self influences the whole and
creates the basic structure of the family. The major goal of the nurse is to
keep the structure stable within its environment. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Neuman’s system
theory is focused on keeping the family structure stable within its
environment. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Neuman’s system
theory does not rely upon improving communication between the family and
society. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 59 – Neuman’s System Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
6. King’s
open systems theory viewed the family as:
|
a. |
the future through birthing
of children |
|
b. |
both hostile and helpful in
ever-changing dynamics |
|
c. |
a social system that
influences the growth and development of individuals |
|
d. |
a family system where children
can be nurtured and build a strong sense of identity |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. King’s open
systems theory does not contemplate birthing of children as the future. |
|
B |
Incorrect. King’s open
systems theory is focused upon growth and development of individuals within
the family as environment, not upon hostile and helpful forces. |
|
C |
Correct. King views the family as a social system that influences the
growth and development of individuals. The family is seen as both context and
client. King’s theory of goal attainment is useful for nurses when assisting
families to set goals to maintain their health or cope with problems or
illness. |
|
D |
Incorrect. King’s open
systems theory argues that the context nurtures all members, adults and
children alike. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 59 – King’s Open Systems Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
7. Which
of the following statements best represents a major belief in King’s open
systems theory?
|
a. |
Nurses are partners with families. |
|
b. |
Families are
self-sufficient. |
|
c. |
Individuals are more
important than families. |
|
d. |
Family is viewed only as
context. |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. Nurses are viewed as partners with the family. |
|
B |
Incorrect. King’s open systems
theory sees the family as context for growth and development of individuals,
open systems which may require assistance, not self-sufficient. |
|
C |
Incorrect. King’s open
systems theory views the family as the context but also client, not the
individual as the focus. |
|
D |
Incorrect. King’s open
systems theory views the family as context and client. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 59 – King’s Open Systems Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
8. The
major goal of nursing in Roy’s adaptation model is to:
|
a. |
help an individual adapt
and integrate into the larger society |
|
b. |
promote adaptation and
minimize ineffective responses |
|
c. |
help the individual adapt
to maturational crises |
|
d. |
assist the family in
adapting to interpersonal difficulties |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. Roy’s adaptation
model in interested in individual adaptation and integration into the larger
society, but this is not the major nursing goal. |
|
B |
Correct. The goal of nursing is to promote adaptation and
minimize ineffective responses. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Roy’s adaptation
model is concerned with the individual within the family system, not the
individual alone. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Roy’s adaptation
model does address assisting the family in adapting to unusual stresses, but
this is not the major goal of nursing care. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 59 – Roy’s Adaptation Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
9. One
of the five functions in the structural-functional theory of family is affective, which
refers to the:
|
a. |
general mood of the family |
|
b. |
way feelings are addressed
or not addressed in the family |
|
c. |
family meeting the needs
for love and belonging of each member |
|
d. |
face or outer picture that
the family shows to the outside world |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. The general mood
of the family may be affected by sense of belonging and love for each other,
but this does not describe the affective function
described by the structural-functional theory. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Although the way
feelings are addressed or not addressed in the family is important, this does
not describe the affective function
from the structural-functional theory. |
|
C |
Correct. The affective function
is one of the most vital functions for the formation and the continuation of
the family unit. This function refers to the family meeting the need for love
and belonging of each member. |
|
D |
Incorrect. The shell of the
family that it presents to the outside world is not a part of the affective function. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 59 – Structural-Functional Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
10. The
nurse can best gain a perspective about a family value system by:
|
a. |
gaining an understanding of
how a family distributes its resources |
|
b. |
asking family members what
they most value |
|
c. |
assessing church membership
and membership in community organizations |
|
d. |
interviewing employers,
friends, and neighbors of the family |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. The economic function
of the family is fourth after affective function, socialization and social placement function,
and the reproductive function.
By gaining an understanding of how a family distributes its resources, the
nurse can obatin a perspective about their value system. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Often what
people say and what people do are not the same, better to look into what they
do to understand what they truly value. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Assessing church
membership and membership in community organizations might provide some
insight into values, but association does not necessarily provide the best
perspective about economic values. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Often what
people say about others is not nearly true; again, better to look at what
people do, not what they say or leave unsaid. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 60 – Structural-Functional Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Application
11. The
major focus of the developmental theory of family is:
|
a. |
systems within which the
family operates |
|
b. |
predictable stages with
specific issues and tasks |
|
c. |
assessment of growth in
holistic measures |
|
d. |
relationships among
individual members |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
The developmental theory
perceives the family as social groups, not systems. |
|
B |
Correct. Developmental or life-cycle theory suggests that family life
cycle has two stages: expansion and contraction. Further, families evolve
through predictable development stages, and experience growth and development
in much the same way as individuals. Stages begin with marriage, followed by
childbirth and child rearing. Each stage is characterized by specific issues
and tasks. |
|
C |
Incorrect. The
developmental theory of family is more traditional and not in tune with more
modernistic themes such as “assessment of growth in holistic measures.” |
|
D |
Incorrect. The family is
the focus and not the relationships among individual members. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 60 – Developmental Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
12. One
of the best-known formulations of developmental theory involving stages was
that of:
|
a. |
Freud |
c. |
Duvall |
|
b. |
Jung |
d. |
Holmes |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. Freud is
considered the “father of phychoanalysis.” |
|
B |
Incorrect. Jung is
considered the best known for his “model of analytical psychology.” |
|
C |
Correct. E. M. Duvall is responsible for the best known formulation of
the developmental theory developing the eight stages and the
developmental tasks of the two-parent nuclear family. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Sherlock Holmes
is a fictional character from the 19th century. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 60 – Developmental
Theory OBJ: Cognitive
Level: Knowledge
13. An
advantage of the developmental theory of families approach is that it provides
nurses with information about:
|
a. |
what to expect of families
at different points in their life cycle |
|
b. |
pathology in the family and
how it affects individuals |
|
c. |
growth of individuals
compared with other family members |
|
d. |
limitations of individuals
and families |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. An advantage of the developmental approach to families is that
it provides nurses with information about what to expect at different points
in their life cycle, and, thus, what teaching and counseling services they
may need. |
|
B |
Incorrect. The development
theory plods along the normal expectations and does not contemplate
pathology. |
|
C |
Incorrect. The family is
compared to other families at the same stage of development without any focus
upon the individuals compared to other family members. |
|
D |
Incorrect. The theory does
not focus upon the limitations of individuals and families but rather upon
developmental stages. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 60 – Developmental Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
14. One
of the major assumptions of Duvall’s developmental theory of families is that:
|
a. |
young adults marry in their
early 20s before they develop a career |
|
b. |
child rearing is no longer
the central focus of the life cycle |
|
c. |
today’s society is very
diverse and includes a variety of family forms |
|
d. |
the nuclear family is not
as prominent as in past centuries |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. Duvall’s developmental theory assumes a nuclear family with
husband and wife who marry early in their 20s before they develop a career,
and immediately begin their family life. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Duvall’s
developmental theory assumes the opposite, child rearing is the central focus
of family life. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Duvall’s
developmental theory assumes homogeneity, not diversity in family forms. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Duvall’s
developmental theory assumes the nuclear family remains the prominent
family form. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 60 – Developmental Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
15. Von
Bertalanffy developed which of the following theories?
|
a. |
general systems theory |
c. |
specific developmental
theory |
|
b. |
general stress and
adaptation theory |
d. |
specific age accomplishment
theory |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. Von Bertalanffy developed a general systems theory which
describes principles that govern all living systems. One of the central
propositions is that the system is not the total sum of its parts but is
characterized by wholeness and unity. The family is therefore viewed as a
system where all members interact interdependently with one another. The
theory emphasizes family elements and the processes that exist within and
between families and their various environments. |
|
B |
Incorrect. General systems
theory, not general stress and adaptation theory. |
|
C |
Incorrect. General systems
theory, not specific systems or specific developmental theory. |
|
D |
Incorrect. General systems
theory, not specific age accomplishment theory. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 62 – Family Systems
Theory OBJ: Cognitive Level:
Knowledge
16. General
systems theory has as one of its central propositions the idea that the system
is:
|
a. |
in the center of
interaction surrounded by other less important but necessary systems |
|
b. |
not the total sum of its
parts but is characterized by wholeness and unity |
|
c. |
dependent on other systems
to make it function at the maximum potential |
|
d. |
going to wear out at a rate
no less than that of interacting systems |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. General systems
theory does not have a center, but is characterized by wholeness and unity. |
|
B |
Correct. General systems theory argues that the family is not the sum
total of its parts but is characterized by wholenesss and unity, as is true
of all living systems. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Interdependence
binds the members together, not dependence upon others. |
|
D |
Incorrect. General
systems theory involves family, not moving metal parts. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 62 – Family Systems Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
17. The
nurse working with a family and applying general systems theory must most
importantly analyze the:
|
a. |
individual and the individual’s
educational and economic workplace |
|
b. |
family and its relationship
to the extended family members |
|
c. |
interrelationships of
family members with each other and with the larger society |
|
d. |
past history of the
individual members and how the past affects present performance |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. General systems
theory is focused upon the family as a whole not the individual educational
accomplishments or involvement in the economic workplace. |
|
B |
Incorrect. General systems
theory must assess all relationships of the family and its members. |
|
C |
Correct. The family is defined as a system characterized by continual
interaction between its members and with the environment. The
interrelationships in a family system are closely tied together so that a
change in one member results in a change in the other members. Therefore, one
cannot understand the family as a whole by only knowing each of its members.
The interrelationships of the members with each other and with the larger
society must be analyzed. |
|
D |
Incorrect. The general
systems theory is concerned with the present, not the past. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 62 – Family Systems Theory
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Application
18. A
genogram is a method for recording and mapping information about:
|
a. |
morbidity, mortality, and
onset of illnesses of all family members, usually for three generations |
|
b. |
genealogy for as many
generations back as the family can be traced |
|
c. |
genocide in the population
of an ethnic group, neighborhood, or town |
|
d. |
illness in a military group
during a particular period of history or time |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. A genogram is a format for drawing a family tree that records
information about family members and their relationships over a period of
time, usually three generations. It maps the structure of the family and
records the health history of all members (morbidity, mortality, and onset of
illnesses), thus revealing information about genetic and familial diseases. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Genealogy does
not provide the information necessary to know about the potential for genetic
and familial diseases. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Genocide does
not provide the information necessary to know about the potential for genetic
and familial diseases. |
|
D |
Incorrect. A genogram is
focused upon an individual and her family history, not military groups. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 66 – Assessment Instruments
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
19. An
ecomap is best described as a:
|
a. |
visual presentation of the
condition of the environment in an area |
|
b. |
visual representation of a
family in relation to the community |
|
c. |
drawing of the location of
ecological projects in a given area |
|
d. |
tool of the ecotourist,
which demonstrates what has been seen or done |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. An environmental
map does not provide the information sought about a family. |
|
B |
Correct. An ecomap is a visual representation of a family in relation
to the community. It demonstrates the nature and quality of family
relationships and what kind of resources or energies are going inside and
outside the family. This assessment instrument is useful in identifying the
strengths of family networks and what resources are available during
stressful times. |
|
C |
Incorrect. A map detailing
ecological projects in a given area does not provide information sought about
a family. |
|
D |
Incorrect. A map displaying
ecotourism does not provide the information sought about a family in your
care. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 66 – Assessment Instruments
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
20. Family
assessment ideally takes place in which of the following places?
|
a. |
health care provider’s
office |
c. |
family’s church |
|
b. |
child’s school |
d. |
child’s home |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. For an in-depth
family assessment, you need to go to the child’s home. |
|
B |
Incorrect. For an in-depth
family assessment, you need to go to the child’s home. |
|
C |
Incorrect. For an in-depth
family assessment, you need to go to the child’s home. |
|
D |
Correct. Ideally, for an in-depth family assessment, all family members
are included in the interview, and it takes place in the child’s home. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 66 – Assessment Instruments
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
21. A
model for family assessment that consists of structural, developmental, and
functional categories is which of the following models?
|
a. |
Denver Developmental |
c. |
Calgary Family Assessment |
|
b. |
Beck Assessment |
d. |
Minnesota Multiphasia |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. Denver
Developmental screening test is used to identify developmental delays. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Beck Assessment
is utilized for screening for depression, Beck Diagnostic Inventory or Beck
depression inventory (BDI). |
|
C |
Correct. The Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM) combines nursing
and family therapy concepts, and incorporates three major categories:
structural, developmental, and functional. The assessment questions are
organized in these groupings.The genogram and ecomap are approriate
instruments to identify and assess structure. Development focuses upon
assessment of family stages, tasks, and attachments. Functional issues focus
upon how the family members behave in relation to each other and how the
members communicate. |
|
D |
Incorrect. The Minnesota
Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a psychological test commonly
used for evaluating personality and detecting disorders. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 67 – The Calgary Family Assessment Model
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
22. The
Friedman Family Assessment Model views the family as:
|
a. |
just one of the basic units
of wider society along with religion, education, health, and others |
|
b. |
the center of concentric
circles representing the individual as the most important element in society |
|
c. |
indispensable to the
individual in attaining normal physical and psychological growth |
|
d. |
more important than the
individual in terms of predicting the future success of the individual |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. Friedman Family Assessment Model views the family as just one
of the basic units of the wider society, along with institutions involving
religion, education, and health. |
|
B |
Incorrect. A better analogy
for Friedman’s Family Assessment Model in interlinking circles, not
concentric circles. |
|
C |
Incorrect. The model
focuses mainly on the family structure and function interrelated with other
social systems. |
|
D |
Incorrect. The model is
more interested in the family than in the individual member. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 68 – Friedman Family Assessment Model
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
23. The
Friedman Family Assessment Model is designed to collect information or data on:
|
a. |
two categories of interest,
which are the individual and the nuclear family |
|
b. |
the developmental stage and
history of the family |
|
c. |
family coping, past and
present |
|
d. |
six categories of
information and numerous subcategories |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. The Friedman
model incorporates six categories, from identification to coping. |
|
B |
Incorrect. The second
category of data to collect is the developmental stage of the family. |
|
C |
Incorrect. The sixth area
of interest is family coping. |
|
D |
Correct. The Friedman model gathers data for six major categories: 1)
identifying data; 2) developmental stage and history; 3) environmental data
about the home, neighbordood, etc.; 4) family structure; 5) family functions,
and 6) family coping. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 68 – Friedman Family Assessment Model
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
24. The
nuclear family consists of:
|
a. |
husband and wife |
|
b. |
husband, wife, and their
natural and adoptive children |
|
c. |
any couple regardless of
gender, and children acquired by the couple |
|
d. |
any couple regardless of
gender |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. A husband and
wife is a couple, not a nuclear family. |
|
B |
Correct. The nuclear family is defined as a husband, wife, and their
children – biological, adopted or both. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Two women and
children do not meet the definition of nuclear family, two men and children
do not meet the definition of nuclear family. |
|
D |
Incorrect. A couple without
children is not a nuclear family. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 68 – Family Structure
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
25. The
greatest incidence of redivorce occurs in stepfamilies in which there are:
|
a. |
children from previous marriages,
for both adult partners, living with the couple |
|
b. |
grown stepchildren living
on their own and no children living with the couple |
|
c. |
children from past
marriage(s) for one partner only |
|
d. |
children from one partner
living in the home and a new baby expected |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. Stepfamilies where both adults have children from a previous
marriage living with them have the greatest incidence of redivorce. |
|
B |
Incorrect. A couple without
children from one or both previous marriages at home does not encounter the
same issues, and is less likely to redivorce as compared to a stepfamily with
children from two previous families. |
|
C |
Incorrect. A couple with
children from a previous marriage from one partner only is less likely to
redivorce as compared to a stepfamily with children from two previous
families. |
|
D |
Incorrect. A couple with
children from a previous marriage from one partner only expecting the birth
of their child is less likely to redivorce as compared to a stepfamily with
children from two previous families. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 71 – Blended (or Step) Family
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
26. When
the parents of preschool-aged children divorce, the children most often think which
of the following things?
|
a. |
The parent with whom they
live caused the problem. |
|
b. |
God is punishing the family
for being bad. |
|
c. |
They caused the divorce and
may be able to reunite the parents. |
|
d. |
The parents are going to
abandon the children forever at some time. |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. The
preschool-aged child may believe they are the cause, not the parent. |
|
B |
Incorrect. The
preschool-aged child is more likely to believe they are the cause of the
divorce than that God is punishing the family. |
|
C |
Correct. With their magical thinking, preschoolers may believe their
angry thoughts or behaviors led to the family disruption, and they may also
believe they can magically reunite the divorced parents. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Not out of the
question, but not age appropriate for preschooler. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 71 – Blended (or Step) Family
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
27. When
a preschool-aged child’s parents divorce, the child is most likely to exhibit
which of the following behaviors?
|
a. |
expressing feelings
verbally |
|
b. |
acting out anger in
aggression |
|
c. |
accepting the divorce as
something beyond his or her control |
|
d. |
blaming and hating the
parent who left the home |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. Not age
appropriate, preschoolers are not adept at verbal expression. |
|
B |
Correct. Preschoolers will act out their anger aggressively in response
to separation, divorce, and even remarriage. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Not age appropriate,
preschoolers are not yet capable of higher level thinking. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Not age
appropriate for a preschooler. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 71 – Blended (or Step) Family
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
28. Which
of the following things must nurses do first in order to provide culturally
sensitive care to children and families?
|
a. |
assess the cultural
background and beliefs of the family |
|
b. |
study various cultures to
gain knowledge of their core beliefs |
|
c. |
recognize how their
attitudes are influenced by their own values and beliefs and be aware of
these values and beliefs |
|
d. |
spend time observing and
listening to people of the various cultures that they will come into contact
with in their work as nurses |
ANS: C
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. Before assessing
the cultural background and beliefs of others, we must first assess our
cultural background and belief. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Study of other
cultures and their core beliefs is learning about others, but is only partially
correct. |
|
C |
Correct. To provide culturally sensitive care to children and their
families, nurses must first be aware of their own values and beliefs and
recognize how they influence their attitudes and actions. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Although always
a great starting point, again, self awareness must occur first. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 74 – Cultural Influences on the Family
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Application
29. Which
of the following best describes a nurse with cultural sensitivity?
|
a. |
a person who knows the
stereotypical practices and beliefs of a large number of cultural groups |
|
b. |
one who has awareness and
appreciation of cultural influences on health care and respect for
differences in cultural beliefs and values |
|
c. |
a health care professional
who comes from a minority ethnic group and who has experienced cultural bias |
|
d. |
a nurse who attends an
annual conference on working with clients from various cultural groups |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. To know is not
to be self-aware and is not to appreciate other cultures, their practices,
beliefs, and values. |
|
B |
Correct. Cultural sensitivity means having an awareness and
appreciation of cultural influences in health care and being respectful of differences
in cultural belief systems and values. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Cultural
sensitivity must be broader than any single ethnic group or experience. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Knowledge
informs awareness, conferences are always great for CE credits, but does not
necessarily rise to the level of respectfulness. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 75 – Cultural Influences on the Family
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
30. Children
raised by authoritarian parents tend to exhibit which of the following characteristics?
|
a. |
stubborn, perfectionist,
tough on self and others |
|
b. |
dependent, passive, low in
self-esteem, low in spontaneity |
|
c. |
high in self-control and
self-esteem, highly creative |
|
d. |
socially competent,
self-reliant, responsible |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. Indifferent or
uninvolved caregivers provide little guidance to their children, often
resulting in more unacceptable behaviors. |
|
B |
Correct. Children whose caregivers are authoritarian tend to be
dependent, passive, less intellectually curious, lack social competence and
spontaneity, and have low self-esteem. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Children whose
caregivers are authoritative or democratic tend to develop high self-control
and self-esteem, not high creativity. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Children whose
caregivers are authoritarian tend to lack social competence, are dependent,
and passive. They are not self-reliant and responsible. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 77 – Parenting Styles
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
31. The American
Academy of Pediatrics has said that discipline should not only include setting
limits and punishing for wrongdoing but also help children learn:
|
a. |
rules, regulations, and
goals of living in a world with others |
|
b. |
never to do the offending
behavior again |
|
c. |
the feeling of guilt |
|
d. |
to be remorseful for
wrongdoing to others |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. Caregivers nurture their children so they will achieve
self-control, competence, and self-direction in order to be a productive individual
in society. It could be said this is the goal of discipline–to teach or
instruct. The AAP Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Heath
say that discipline should be approached in the broadest sense of helping the
child learn rules, regulations, and goals of living in the world with
others–and not just as setting limits and punishing. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Typical of the
authoritarian or autocratic parenting style, but does not help the child
internalize. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Positive
discipline suggests that to improve a child’s behavior, it is not appropriate
to make the individual feel worse or guilty. |
|
D |
Incorrect. The American
Academy of Pediatrics does not encourage parental discipline to push remorse
as a means of the child learning self-control. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 78 – Parental Role in Socialization of Children
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
32. The
consequences of discipline must have the following qualities:
|
a. |
effective, constructive,
and not unduly harsh |
|
b. |
sufficiently harsh to
prevent reoccurrence of the offending behavior |
|
c. |
not harsh enough to cause
the parents to get into trouble with the law |
|
d. |
not harsh enough to produce
guilt in the one to give out the consequences |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. Effective disciplinary practices are effective, constructive,
and not unduly harsh. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Harsh words or
worse may actually ensure repetition of the offending behavior. |
|
C |
Incorrect. The consequences
of discipline should be sufficient to be considered negative without being
harsh for the child or illegal. |
|
D |
Incorrect. The consequences
of discipline should be sufficient to be considered negative without being
harsh for the child or producing guilt in the one giving out the consequences. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 78 – Parental Role in Socialization of Children
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
33. If
caregivers use verbal reprimands very frequently, they will most likely:
|
a. |
extinguish the behavior |
c. |
change the behavior to a
worse one |
|
b. |
change the behavior some |
d. |
reinforce the undesired
behavior |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. Frequent and
indiscriminate verbal reprimands will not always extinguish the behavior. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Frequent and
indiscriminate verbal reprimands may not change the behavior at all.. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Frequent and
indiscriminate verbal reprimands may or may not change the behavior to a
worse behavior. |
|
D |
Correct. Frequent and indiscriminate verbal reprimands will reinforce
the undesired behavior because the child is at least getting attention. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 79 – Reducing or Eliminating Undesirable Behaviors
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
34. A
defined period of time in which a child is removed from activities and social
interactions because of unacceptable behavior is called a:
|
a. |
punishment |
c. |
respite |
|
b. |
time-out |
d. |
seclusion |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. The use of
time-out avoids punishment. |
|
B |
Correct. Time-out is an effective disciplinary strategy that involves
removing positive reinforcement for unacceptable behavior. It is a defined
period of time in which the child is removed from activities and social
interactions. The goal of time-out is to interrupt a pattern of negative
behavior. The child should be placed in an area that is unstimulating and
safe for about 1 minute for every year of age. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Not the term for
this disciplinary strategy. |
|
D |
Incorrect. Seclusion may
not be safe for a toddler or young child, and hence is not correct. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 79 – Reducing or Eliminating Undesirable Behaviors
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
35. The
application of some form of physical pain in response to undesired behavior is
called:
|
a. |
neurological stimulation |
c. |
extinguishment |
|
b. |
pain punishment |
d. |
corporal punishment |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. Neurological
stimulation is not normally associated with physical pain. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Pain punishment
does not mean anything. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Extinguishment
is not a word. |
|
D |
Correct. Corporal punishment involves the application of some form of
physical pain such as spanking, beating, etc. in response to undesired
behavior. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 80 – Reducing or Eliminating Undesirable Behaviors
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
COMPLETION
1. A
parent is requesting information on the use of a time-out for her 4-year-old.
The nurse recommends that the parent allow the child to remain in the
unstimulating, safe environment for ____________________ minutes.
ANS:
4
four
During a time-out, the child should be placed in an area that is
unstimulating and safe for a time that is usually 1 minute per year of age.
Therefore, for a child who is 4 years old, the time-out should be 4 minutes.
PTS:
1
REF: p. 79 – Reducing or Eliminating Undesirable Behaviors
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. A
child is placed with kinship caregivers in foster care. The nurse is aware that
kinship caregivers tend to face more challenges than nonkinship caregivers for
which of the following reasons? Select all that apply.
|
a. |
Kinship caregivers tend to
be younger in age. |
|
b. |
Kinship caregivers tend to
be in poorer health. |
|
c. |
Kinship caregivers tend to
have lower incomes. |
|
d. |
Kinship caregivers tend to
have less education. |
ANS: B, C, D
|
|
Feedback |
|
Correct |
Kinship caregivers tend to
be in poorer health than nonkinship caregivers. Kinship caregivers tend to face more challenges than
nonkinship caregivers because they have lower incomes. Kinship caregivers tend to face more challenges than
nonkinship caregivers because they have less education. |
|
Incorrect |
Kinship caregivers tend to be older in
age, rather than younger than nonkinship caregivers. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 85 – Foster Parenting
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
CHAPTER 4: COMMUNITY AND HOME HEALTH NURSING
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The largest
percentage of community health nurses work in:
|
a. |
state and local health
departments |
c. |
school health nursing |
|
b. |
U.S. Department of Veterans
Affairs |
d. |
home health |
ANS: D
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. About one in
four community health nurses work in local and state health departments and
community health centers. |
|
B |
Incorrect. Not applicable. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Community health
nurses working in school health are a minority. |
|
D |
Correct. The majority of community health nurses work in home health. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 96 –
Introduction
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Knowledge
2. Which
of the following best represents the focus of the community health nurse?
|
a. |
health promotion and
disease prevention |
|
b. |
curing people who are
chronically ill |
|
c. |
working with those who do
not have health insurance |
|
d. |
optimal functioning of the
family |
ANS: A
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Correct. The community health nurse has a focus on health promotion and
disease prevention. |
|
B |
Incorrect. The community
health nurse does not cure people who are chronically ill. The nurse promotes
health in order to prevent chronic illness. |
|
C |
Incorrect. Although the
community health nurse may work with those who are uninsured, this option
does not best represent the focus. |
|
D |
Incorrect. The
community health nurse is not focused upon the optimal functioning of the
family, but of the community or a population as a whole. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 96 – Community Health Nursing
OBJ: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
3. While
community health nurses focus on the individual or the family, which of the
following do they also have as their final objective?
|
a. |
the well-being of the
extended family |
c. |
the financial well-being of
the family |
|
b. |
the well-being of the
community |
d. |
the well-being of the
chronically ill |
ANS: B
|
|
Feedback |
|
A |
Incorrect. The final
objective of the community health nurse is not the well-being of the extended
family. |
|
B |
Correct. The well-being of the community as a whole is the final
objective for community health nursing. |
|
C |
Incorrect. The final
objective of the community health nurse is not the financial well-being of
the family. |
|
D |
Incorrect. The final
objective of the commmunity health nurse is not the well-being of the
chronically ill. |
PTS:
1
REF: p. 96 – Community Health Nursing OBJ: Cognitive
Level: Knowledge
4. The
community health nurse is coordinating all the services needed by a child who
has a chronic illness and is staying at home: physical therapy, tutoring,
occupational therapy, respite care, as well as financial resources for the
caregivers. This activity best represents which of the following legitimate
roles for the community health nurse?
|
a. |
case manager |
c. |
collaborator |
|
b. |
advocate |
d. |
consultant |
ANS: A
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