ORGB 2nd Canadian Edition By Armstrong – Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Questions 

 

 

CHAPTER 4—ATTITUDES, EMOTIONS, AND ETHICS

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1.    What psychological tendency is an example of degrees of favour or disfavour?

a.	mood
b.	beliefs
c.	values
d.	attitude

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 57              OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Remember

 

2.    Which of the following best exemplifies the behavioural component of an attitude?

a.	observation
b.	attitude scales
c.	physiological indicators
d.	clinical testing

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 58              OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Higher Order

 

3.    A manager asks an employee if she would use a new computer software package. What is the manager attempting to determine?

a.	behavioural intention
b.	affect
c.	dissonance reduction
d.	cognition

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 58              OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Higher Order

 

4.    What are the components of attitudes?

a.	behavioural, affective, and interactive
b.	cognitive, behavioural, and affective
c.	cognitive, interactive, and behavioural
d.	personal, cognitive, and behavioural

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 58              OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Remember

 

5.    Emma states to her friend after class, “I hate math.” What is influencing Emma’s attitude towards math?

a.	understanding
b.	information and experience
c.	evaluation
d.	direct experience

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 59              OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Higher Order

 

 

6.    What may develop when one’s attitudes and required job behaviour conflict?

a.	affect
b.	cognitive dissonance
c.	behavioural tendency
d.	attitude consonance

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 58              OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Remember

 

7.    Suppose a salesperson is required to sell a damaged DVD player but believes this act to be unethical. What is the salesperson experiencing?

a.	the embarrassment of cognitive dissonance
b.	the euphoria of cognitive dissonance
c.	the tension of cognitive dissonance
d.	a moral conflict

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 58              OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Higher Order

 

8.    Attitudes are learned. What are two major influences?

a.	repeated behaviour and affect
b.	direct experience and social learning
c.	random behaviour modelling and unconscious motivation
d.	cognitive dissonance and negative affectivity

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 59              OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Remember

 

9.    Why are attitudes derived from direct experience so powerful?

a.	They are accessible through the left part of the brain, which is more intuitive.
b.	They are easily accessed and are active in our cognitive processes.
c.	They are easily accessed but are inactive in our cognitive processes.
d.	They become a heuristic to assist in decision-making.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 59              OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Remember

 

10.  Zachary adopts attitudes that his brothers, sisters, parents, and friends often reinforce or agree with. What type of influence is shaping Zachary?

a.	direct
b.	in parallel
c.	indirect
d.	reciprocal

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 59              OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Higher Order

 

 

11.  You are a supervisor who strongly believes in keeping an open line of communication with your employees; you always keep your office door open and instruct your assistant not to screen phone calls from employees. What do these conditions illustrate?

a.	lack of connection between attitudes and appropriate behaviour
b.	attitude specificity
c.	non-compliance with social constraints
d.	cognitive dissonance

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 59              OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Higher Order

 

12.  An individual holds a negative attitude toward women in management because of a cultural belief system, but does not reflect behaviour consistent with that attitude when in a group. What most likely explains the weak link between the attitude and the behaviour in this example?

a.	social constraints
b.	low self-monitoring
c.	poor measurement timing
d.	low attitude relevance

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60              OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Higher Order

 

13.  Which statement best reflects the relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism?

a.	Job dissatisfaction and absenteeism are not related.
b.	Job dissatisfaction and absenteeism are negatively correlated.
c.	Job satisfaction and absenteeism are positively related.
d.	Job dissatisfaction is positively related to absenteeism.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 62              OBJ:   LO3

BLM:  Remember

 

14.  According to the textbook, why did Yahoo CEO Terry Semel lose his job?

a.	increasing employee theft
b.	declining profit
c.	low morale
d.	increasing employee absenteeism

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60              OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Remember

 

15.  Mabel receives a bonus when she meets her sales targets. What will likely happen as a result?

a.	She will skip work when she receives her bonus.
b.	She will perform better.
c.	She will seek higher rewards.
d.	Her performance will decrease in the future.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 62              OBJ:   LO3

BLM:  Higher Order

 

 

16.  What does JDI measure as compared to MSQ?

a.	JDI measures job satisfaction while MSQ measures job performance.
b.	Both measure job satisfaction.
c.	JDI measures work attitude while MSQ measures job satisfaction.
d.	JDI measures job performance while MSQ measures job satisfaction.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60              OBJ:   LO3

BLM:  Higher Order

 

17.  In what circumstance are job satisfaction and employee performance likely to be positively related?

a.	when pay is linked to attendance
b.	when non-participative techniques are used
c.	when valued rewards are tied directly to performance
d.	when employee turnover is high

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 61              OBJ:   LO3

BLM:  Higher Order

 

18.  Tula believes she should always tell the truth to customers about products; however, her employer wants her to inform customers of only the positive aspects. What is she experiencing?

a.	decline in job satisfaction and job behaviour
b.	lack of person–job satisfaction fit
c.	lack of person–organization fit
d.	decline in organizational citizenship behaviour

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 62              OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

19.  What is a pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experiences?

a.	job satisfaction
b.	job morale
c.	job involvement
d.	loyalty

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 62              OBJ:   LO3

BLM:  Remember

 

20.  Job satisfaction encourages organizational citizenship behaviour. What is an example of this behaviour?

a.	a tendency to exhibit strong ethical behaviour within the organization
b.	a tendency to express dissatisfaction to others
c.	a tendency to help out others
d.	a tendency to complain about the organization

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 62              OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

 

21.  Which statement best exemplifies the relationship between job satisfaction and organizational performance?

a.	Companies with satisfied workers have better performance.
b.	It does not exist.
c.	It is similar to that between job satisfaction and individual performance.
d.	It has not been investigated.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 62              OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

22.  Suppose an employee remains with a firm because he or she faces significant exit barriers. What characterizes this situation?

a.	organizational citizenship
b.	continuance commitment
c.	withdrawal syndrome
d.	dysfunctional attachment

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63              OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

23.  When is employee loyalty toward the organization a significant factor?

a.	continuance commitment
b.	affective commitment
c.	job displacement
d.	employee turnover

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63              OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Remember

 

24.  Employees of an airline attend work during a blizzard even though travel is as treacherous for them as for the airline’s customers. What is the term for this behaviour?

a.	continuance commitment
b.	affective commitment
c.	organizational citizenship
d.	organizational involvement

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 62              OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

25.  According to your text book, which statement best reflects the findings reported on OCBs in relation to coworkers’ behaviours?

a.	The choice of a coworker to perform OCBs was related to other close coworkers’ reciprocal behaviour.
b.	Good deeds are not likely to be contagious due to variation in whether individuals are high or low OCBs.
c.	If a close coworker chose to perform OCBs, other close coworkers were more likely to do so.
d.	The impact of one worker’s OCBs cannot be spread throughout an entire department.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 62              OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

 

26.  What is the term for the strength of an individual’s identification with an organization?

a.	behavioural commitment
b.	normative commitment
c.	organizational commitment
d.	continuance commitment

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63              OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Remember

 

27.  Desirelee wants to remain with the organization due to her strong alignment with the organizational goals. What type of commitment is she demonstrating?

a.	normative
b.	attitudinal
c.	affective
d.	intentional

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63              OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

28.  The authors of your text would be considered a persuasive source for attempts to change employee attitudes about the benefits of employee empowerment. What is most commonly the cause of their persuasive ability?

a.	their age
b.	their trustworthiness
c.	their writing skills
d.	their expertise

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63              OBJ:   LO5

BLM:  Higher Order

 

29.  What is the term for counterproductive behaviour that violates organizational norms and causes harm to others in the organization?

a.	MSQ
b.	OCB
c.	JDI
d.	WDB

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63              OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Remember

 

30.  What characteristics affect the persuasion process?

a.	source, intended, and directed
b.	source, intended, and message
c.	source, target, and message
d.	source, directed, and message

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63              OBJ:   LO5

BLM:  Remember

 

 

31.  What are the three major source characteristics affecting persuasion?

a.	expertise, credibility, and charisma
b.	expertise, charisma, and attractiveness
c.	expertise, trustworthiness, and attractiveness
d.	credibility, charisma, and attractiveness

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63              OBJ:   LO5

BLM:  Remember

 

32.  What is the relationship between the two major cognitive routes to persuasion?

a.	Persuasion occurs through central and peripheral routes.
b.	Persuasion occurs through direct and peripheral routes.
c.	Persuasion occurs through central and circular routes.
d.	Persuasion occurs through direct and central routes.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 64              OBJ:   LO5

BLM:  Remember

 

33.  Which statement is an example of the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion?

a.	Persuasion occurs over the routes of message, target, and source characteristics.
b.	The likelihood that an attitude will change is largely dependent on the amount of time spent attempting to change the attitude.
c.	Attitudinal change is a function of three interactive routes:     physical, mental, and visual.
d.	Persuasion occurs through two routes: the central and the peripheral.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 64              OBJ:   LO5

BLM:  Remember

 

34.  Demi demonstrates short-lived, intense reactions when things go wrong at work. What is occurring?

a.	Demi is experiencing emotional behaviour.
b.	Demi is persuading.
c.	Demi displays her emotions.
d.	Demi is experiencing organizational citizenship behaviour.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 65              OBJ:   LO6

BLM:  Higher Order

 

35.  What is one possible difference between Japanese and Canadian students?

a.	emotional display rules
b.	locus of control
c.	Machiavellianism
d.	value system

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 66              OBJ:   LO6

BLM:  Remember

 

 

36.  What two major factors influence ethical behaviour?

a.	individual characteristics and organizational factors
b.	religion and value system
c.	terminal and instrumental values
d.	level of ethical reasoning and intelligence

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 68              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Remember

 

37.  What are enduring beliefs that a particular behaviour or end state of existence is preferred?

a.	message
b.	values
c.	ethic
d.	attitude

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 69              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Remember

 

38.  The CEO knows the way she treats her employees during the layoff is critical. Why does she feel this way?

a.	Less value is placed on autonomy, independence, and achievement.
b.	Moving the laid off employees out of the company quickly will reduce dialogue with remaining employees.
c.	There will be greater intrinsic satisfaction.
d.	Preserving the dignity of employees will reduce the likelihood of employees initiating a claim against the company.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 67              OBJ:   LO7

BLM:  Higher Order

 

39.  Japanese workers display complete loyalty to their employers. Canadian workers value family and personal loyalties. What is significant to Korean workers?

a.	loyalty to one’s occupation or profession
b.	loyalty to the labour union
c.	loyalty to the person for whom one works
d.	loyalty from customers

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 70              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Remember

 

40.  Which statement best describes work values?

a.	They describe an employee’s perception of loyalty in the workplace.
b.	They are an employee’s perception of their value in the workplace.
c.	They affect an employee’s perception of their individual values.
d.	They influence an employee’s perception of right and wrong in the workplace.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 70              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Remember

 

 

41.  Which of the following is an example of an internal locus of control?

a.	Farid made a mistake and acknowledged this to his colleagues.
b.	Farid made a mistake and said it was due to his supervisor not providing the proper instructions.
c.	Farid believes that fate affects the outcome of his tasks.
d.	Farid believes that he must do what other employees do.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 70              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Higher Order

 

42.  Which statement best exemplifies the concept of locus of control?

a.	Individuals with an internal locus of control tend to make more ethical decisions than others.
b.	Individuals with an internal locus of control are more likely to exhibit uncontrollable behaviour.
c.	Other people control individuals who have a strong internal locus of control.
d.	An individual’s locus of control has little to do with ethical behaviour.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 71              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Remember

 

43.  Which statement best summarizes a high-Mach individual?

a.	She operates from the notion that is better to be loved than feared with an optimistic view towards other people.
b.	She operates from the notion that it is better to be feared than loved with a cynical view towards other people.
c.	She operates from the notion that is better to be feared than loved with an optimistic view towards other people.
d.	She operates from the notion that the desired ends do not justify the means.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 71              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Remember

 

44.  Which of the following is an example of a high-Mach individual?

a.	He is easily manipulated by others.
b.	He accepts authority better than a low-Mach individual.
c.	He exhibits very strong corporate loyalty.
d.	He believes that any means justify the desired ends.

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 71              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Remember

 

45.  What do low-Mach individuals most value?

a.	emotional detachment
b.	loyalty and personal relationships
c.	the “get it done anyway” mentality
d.	manipulation of others

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 71              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Remember

 

 

46.  Dora is willing to do whatever it takes to get her own way at work. What concept is behind her actions?

a.	strong in external locus of control
b.	self-cognition
c.	low in cognitive moral development
d.	Machiavellian

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 71              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Higher Order

 

47.  According to the text, in a study conducted by the Ethics Resource Center, what proportion of the responding employees said they had witnessed ethical misconduct in the past year?

a.	one-quarter
b.	one-third
c.	one-half
d.	all

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 72              OBJ:   LO8

BLM:  Remember

 

TRUE/FALSE

 

1.    Cognitive dissonance is the tension produced when there is a conflict between attitudes and behaviour.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 58              OBJ:   LO1

 

2.    The acronym ABC in the ABC model stands for attitude, behavioural intention, and commitment.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 58              OBJ:   LO1

 

3.    Substantial social learning occurs through cognitive dissonance.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 58              OBJ:   LO1

 

4.    Affect is the cognitive component of an attitude.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 59              OBJ:   LO2

 

5.    The greater the attitude specificity, the stronger an attitude linkage to behaviour.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 59              OBJ:   LO2

 

6.    Social constraints affect the relationship between attitudes and behaviour.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60              OBJ:   LO2

 

7.    The longer the time between measuring an attitude and observing behaviour, the weaker the relationship of an attitude with observed behaviour.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60              OBJ:   LO2

 

 

8.    Employee absenteeism and job satisfaction are positively related.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60              OBJ:   LO2

 

9.    Behaviour that is considered above and beyond the call of duty on behalf of the organization is known as organizational citizenship.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 62              OBJ:   LO4

 

10.  More educated workers are more likely to emphasize the extrinsic part of the job.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 61              OBJ:   LO3

 

11.  Persuasion is more successful when messages are framed with the same emotion as that felt by the receiver.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63              OBJ:   LO5

 

12.  As long as a corporate executive stays within the law, he or she is ethical.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 67              OBJ:   LO7

 

13.  Employees building homes for Habitat for Humanity is an example of corporate social responsibility.

 

ANS:  T                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 68              OBJ:   LO7

 

14.  High-Machs exhibit an external locus of control.

 

ANS:  F                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 71              OBJ:   LO8

 

MATCHING

 

Match the following:

a.	The emotional component of an attitude
b.	Reflects a person’s perceptions and beliefs
c.	A conflict between attitudes and behaviour
d.	Acquisition of attitudes through observing others
e.	Powerful influence on our attitudes

 

 

1.    Cognition

 

2.    Direct Experience

 

3.    Cognitive Dissonance

 

4.    Modelling

 

5.    Affect

 

1.    ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 57-60         OBJ:   LO1 | LO2

 

2.    ANS:  E                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 57-60         OBJ:   LO1 | LO2

 

3.    ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 57-60         OBJ:   LO1 | LO2

 

4.    ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 57-60         OBJ:   LO1 | LO2

 

5.    ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 57-60         OBJ:   LO1 | LO2

 

Match the following:

a.	A good feeling about one’s job and work
b.	An instrument using five-point scales for measuring job satisfaction
c.	An employee’s intention to remain as an organizational member because of a strong desire to do so
d.	A source characteristic of a message
e.	Involves direct cognitive processing of a message’s content

 

 

6.    Expertise

 

7.    Job Satisfaction

 

8.    MSQ

 

9.    Affective Commitment

 

10.  Central Route

 

 

6.    ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60-64         OBJ:   LO3 | LO4 | LO5

 

7.    ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60-64         OBJ:   LO3 | LO4 | LO5

 

8.    ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60-64         OBJ:   LO3 | LO4 | LO5

 

9.    ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60-64         OBJ:   LO3 | LO4 | LO5

 

10.  ANS:  E                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60-64         OBJ:   LO3 | LO4 | LO5

 

 

 

Match the following:

a.	Direct cognitive processing of the message’s content
b.	Perceived obligation to remain with an organization
c.	The individual is not motivated to pay much attention to the message’s content
d.	Identification with an organization
e.	Desire to remain in an organization

 

 

11.  Affective Commitment

 

12.  Organizational Commitment

 

13.  Normative Commitment

 

14.  Central Route

 

15.  Peripheral Route

 

11.  ANS:  E                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63-64         OBJ:   LO5

 

12.  ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63-64         OBJ:   LO5

 

13.  ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63-64         OBJ:   LO5

 

14.  ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63-64         OBJ:   LO5

 

15.  ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63-64         OBJ:   LO5

 

 

 

Match the following:

a.	Behaviour consistent with one’s personal values and those of society
b.	An example of unethical behaviour
c.	The study of moral values and moral behaviour
d.	A highly valued outcome
e.	Choosing between two or more equally desirable or undesirable options

 

 

16.  Cheating

 

17.  Ethical Behaviour

 

18.  Ethics

 

19.  Reward

 

20.  Ethical Dilemma

 

 

16.  ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 67-70         OBJ:   LO7 | LO8

 

17.  ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 67-70         OBJ:   LO7 | LO8

 

18.  ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 67-70         OBJ:   LO7 | LO8

 

19.  ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 67-70         OBJ:   LO7 | LO8

 

20.  ANS:  E                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 67-70         OBJ:   LO7 | LO8

 

 

 

Match the following:

a.	One’s sense of control
b.	An unacceptable behaviour
c.	A guide for acquiring and using power
d.	Sets of coherent values
e.	A sequence of value development and ethical behaviour

 

 

21.  The Prince

 

22.  Cognitive Moral Development

 

23.  Deviance

 

24.  Value System

 

25.  Locus of Control

 

 

25.   

 

 

ESSAY

 

1.    Briefly explain the ABC model and provide an example of each model element.

 

ANS:

The ABC model represents the nature of an attitude or set of attitudes by focusing on three attitude components:            affect, behavioural intention, and cognition. Affect is the emotional aspect of an attitude, or “I like my supervisor.” One’s inclination to behave in a certain manner is the second element of attitude. One can be supportive, aggressive, or even hostile toward a coworker. If hostile toward a fellow employee, you will probably not help the individual and may even try to harm him or her. The third attitude component is cognition, or thought that reflects perceptions and belief. “I believe Mary is lazy and therefore I must closely supervise her” indicates the cognitive feature of an attitude.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 58              OBJ:   LO1

 

2.    What aspects of one’s existence and environment shape attitudes?

 

ANS:

Family members, friends, coworkers, and significant others can influence our attitudes. Young persons acquire attitudes through watching the behaviour of others; this is called modelling. Direct experience with significant events (floods, fires, labour strikes) can also influence attitude formation.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 59              OBJ:   LO2

 

3.    Identify several work attitudes and indicate the importance of positive work attitudes.

 

ANS:

Respect, commitment, and loyalty are positive work attitudes. Employees who possess these attitudes are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs and are good performers. Negative work attitudes (disrespect, disloyalty, and belligerence) are likely to be associated with poor attendance, poor work, and job dissatisfaction.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60              OBJ:   LO2

 

4.    Briefly discuss the relationship between job satisfaction and performance. Are satisfied workers more productive or are productive workers more satisfied?

 

ANS:

The link between satisfaction and performance has been widely explored. One view holds that satisfaction causes good performance. However, this has very limited support as there are several other equally important causes of good performance. The other view, that performance leads to satisfaction, has tended to have more validity when the performance leads to rewards that are valued and clearly tied to performance.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 60-62         OBJ:   LO3

 

 

5.    What elements need to be present in order for one’s influence attempt to be successful?

 

ANS:

The person trying to influence and change the attitude of another has to be trustworthy or credible, knowledgeable, and display a pleasing appearance. The receptor of the persuasion attempt must feel comfortable and free of fear in order to receive the message. The correctness and completeness of the message are crucial for a successful attitude influence attempt. Incomplete and/or inaccurate information may produce a failed message.

 

PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 63-64         OBJ:   LO5

 

 

CHAPTER 7—STRESS AND WELL-BEING AT WORK

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

1.    Soo Lee wants to leave the party immediately. She is finding it difficult to engage with all the new people attending. What is Soo Lee experiencing?

a.	distress
b.	a stressor
c.	a negative reaction
d.	strain

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 105            OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Higher Order

 

2.    What is the term for the adverse psychological, physical, behavioural, and organizational consequence that may occur as a result of stressful events?

a.	anxiety disorder
b.	distress
c.	stress response
d.	stressor

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 105            OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Remember

 

3.    What is the term for the unconscious preparation to fight or flee that a person experiences when faced with any demand?

a.	instinct
b.	avoidance
c.	arousal
d.	stress

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 105            OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Remember

 

4.    Which of the following is synonymous with the term “strain”?

a.	eustress
b.	distress
c.	stress
d.	tension

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 105            OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Remember

 

5.    Connie is an employee at BP UK. According to your textbook, what does research indicate is most likely a source of stress for Connie?

a.	lack of home time
b.	increasing work hours
c.	tight deadlines and working at high speeds
d.	technology changes

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 106            OBJ:   LO1

BLM:  Higher Order

 

 

6.    Which approach to stress is based on the concept of homeostasis?

a.	social psychological
b.	psychoanalytical
c.	medical
d.	psychological-cognitive

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 106            OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Remember

 

7.    How are the homeostatic/medical approach and the cognitive appraisal approach similar?

a.	Both consider their approaches to be on Freudian psychoanalysis.
b.	Both consider stress to be a form of strain.
c.	Both consider stress a result of person-environment interaction.
d.	Both consider there to be task, role and physical demands.

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 106            OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Higher Order

 

8.    Which statement best summarizes the psychoanalytic approach?

a.	Stress results from a discrepancy between the idealized self and the real self-image.
b.	Stress results from a discrepancy between one’s self-esteem and self-monitoring.
c.	Stress results from a discrepancy between task demands and role demands.
d.	Stress results from a discrepancy between role expectations and self-image.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 107            OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Remember

 

9.    Which of the following best exemplifies the person-environment fit approach to stress?

a.	the notion that perception and cognitive evaluations of situations differ and accordingly stress is mostly determined by perception
b.	the idea that a lack of fit between a person’s self-image or concept and their ideal generates large stress
c.	the fit between external and internal role expectations
d.	the belief that effort will lead to performance

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 107            OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Higher Order

 

10.  What is a defining characteristic of the person-environment fit approach in studying and understanding stress?

a.	cognitive appraisal of the stress situation
b.	ego involvement
c.	social and organizational role stress
d.	homeostasis

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 106            OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Higher Order

 

 

11.  What approach to stress includes the fight-or-flight stress response?

a.	psychoanalytic
b.	homeostatic
c.	person-environment fit
d.	cognitive appraisal

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 106            OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Remember

 

12.  What two elements exist within the psychoanalytic approach?

a.	self-image and stress
b.	stress and work environment
c.	work environment and ego-ideal
d.	ego-ideal and self-image

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 107            OBJ:   LO2

BLM:  Remember

 

13.  What personality dimension does the psychoanalytic approach to stress include?

a.	self-monitoring
b.	self-efficacy
c.	internal/external control
d.	self-image

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 107            OBJ:   LO3

BLM:  Remember

 

14.  Which statement best exemplifies the stress response sequence?

a.	It is based on cognition that results in the release of chemical messengers.
b.	It redirects blood to the brain and large muscle groups.
c.	It increases alertness through improved vision, hearing and other sensory processes.
d.	It suppresses the immune system.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 107            OBJ:   LO3

BLM:  Remember

 

15.  A father is called at work because his twin sons have hurt themselves at school. What is the cause of stress?

a.	role demands and home demands
b.	physical demands and home demands
c.	interpersonal demands and personal demands
d.	task demands and role demands

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 107            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

 

16.  A young, single parent is trying to get a university degree while working full time. What is the root of her stress?

a.	intrarole conflict
b.	work overload
c.	role ambiguity
d.	interrole conflict

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 108            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

17.  What is a major shortcoming of technological innovation?

a.	provides access to global market
b.	blurs the line between work and home
c.	permits routine tasks to be dealt with easier
d.	results in inconsistent or incompatible expectations

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 108            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

18.  You are a working parent. You have a major sales presentation at work on Monday and a sick child at home on Sunday night. What are you likely to experience?

a.	role ambiguity
b.	person–role conflict
c.	interrole conflict
d.	intrarole conflict

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 108            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

19.  A manager presses employees for both very fast work and high-quality work. What would this manager likely cause?

a.	interrole conflict
b.	role ambiguity
c.	intrarole conflict
d.	person–role conflict

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 108            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

20.  A manager instructs an employee to ship an item with a minor defect to a customer. What is this an example of?

a.	non-role conflict
b.	role ambiguity
c.	person–role conflict
d.	interrole conflict

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 108            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

 

21.  What is role ambiguity?

a.	the confusion stemming from a situation where expectations of two roles conflict
b.	the confusion one experiences related to the expectations of others
c.	the confusion a person has in reconciling job demands and personal values
d.	the confusion stemming from conflicting expectations within a single role

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 108            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Remember

 

22.  What are the two major categories of “role stress” at work?

a.	role conflict and role ambiguity
b.	role conflict and role overload
c.	role ambiguity and role overload
d.	role overload and ethical conflict

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 108            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Remember

 

23.  What does research indicate as the most disturbing aspects of noise?

a.	Chronic noise triggers the fight or flight stress response.
b.	Urban, occupational, and everyday noise are not under the radar.
c.	Noise can be lethal.
d.	People get used to noise.

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 109            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

24.  A coal miner loses consciousness while underground. What category of work demand does this situation belong to?

a.	physical
b.	role
c.	task
d.	interpersonal

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 110            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

25.  Which of the following is an example of interpersonal demands?

a.	extreme environment
b.	time pressures
c.	strenuous activities
d.	sexual harassment

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 109            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Higher Order

 

26.  What is the most notable self-imposed personal demand?

a.	civic duties
b.	child rearing
c.	being a perfectionist
d.	workaholism

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 110            OBJ:   LO4

BLM:  Remember

 

27.  According to research, what increases the risk of physical and mental health conditions?

a.	high responsibilities and low decision making
b.	low responsibilities and high decision making
c.	low demands and high control
d.	high demands and low control

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 111            OBJ:   LO5

BLM:  Remember

 

28.  Which of the following is synonymous with eustress?

a.	unhealthy stress
b.	performance
c.	healthy stress
d.	productivity

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 112            OBJ:   LO6

BLM:  Higher Order

 

29.  What is an organizational cost of distress?

a.	interpersonal conflicts
b.	performance loss
c.	medical illness
d.	sabotage

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 112            OBJ:   LO6

BLM:  Remember

 

30.  What is the term for healthy or normal stress?

a.	eustress
b.	normstress
c.	stressless
d.	nostress

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 112            OBJ:   LO6

BLM:  Remember

 

31.  Which statement about stress and performance would be suggested by the Yerkes-Dodson law?

a.	Stress and performance are inversely related.
b.	Performance tends to be greatest in the midrange of the stress-performance curve.
c.	Stress and performance are unrelated.
d.	Initial stress (or the onset of stress) causes performance to drop significantly.

 

 

ANS:  B                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 112            OBJ:   LO6

BLM:  Higher Order

 

32.  Which of the following phenomena is synonymous with the weak organ hypothesis?

a.	psychoanalytic phenomenon
b.	Yerkes-Dodson phenomenon
c.	Achilles’ heel phenomenon
d.	Myers-Briggs phenomenon

 

 

ANS:  C                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 113            OBJ:   LO7

BLM:  Remember

 

33.  What characteristic is linked to stress vulnerability?

a.	extraversion
b.	openness to experience
c.	self-monitoring
d.	self-efficacy

 

 

ANS:  D                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 113            OBJ:   LO7

BLM:  Higher Order

 

34.  What is the relationship between level of stress and self-efficacy?

a.	low
b.	medium
c.	high
d.	none

 

 

ANS:  A                    PTS:   1                    REF:   p. 113            OBJ:   LO7

BLM:  Higher Order