Organized Crime 10th Edition by Howard Abadinsky – Test Bank
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Sample Test
CHAPTER THREE
The American Mafia
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The
____________ emerged in the nineteenth-century New York as a lawful fraternal
society designed to advance the interests of Sicilian immigrants.
2. Unione
Siciliana
3. La
Cosa Nostra
4. Mafia
5. None
of these
ANS:
A
LO: 1
REF: 47
2. Which
of the following was a struggle for domination in New York?
3. Italian
War
4. Castellammarese
War
5. Mafia
War
6. Murder,
Inc.
ANS:
B
LO: 2
REF: 47 | 48
3. Which
of the following was involved in the Castellammarese War?
4. The
Maranzano group
5. The
Masseria group
6. Both
a and b
7. None
of these
ANS: C
LO:
2
REF: 47
4. At
the center of the American Mafia Family patron-client network is:
5. the
Boss
6. the sottocapo
7. the consigliere
8. the
made-man
ANS:
A
LO: 3 | 6
REF: 49
5. In
the New York Model, the crime unit is tied together in a network that includes
which of the following?
6. nonmember
associates
7. members
8. captains
9. all
of these
ANS:
D
LO: 6
REF: 49 | 50 | 51
6. Who
surrounds the captains?
7. clients
8. the
crime unit
9. soldiers
10.
none of these
ANS:
C
LO: 6
REF: 50
7. Members
of an organization who are not necessarily guided by their organization’s
goals, but share a common interest in the survival of the system are considered
members of:
8. a
unilateral system
9. a
hierarchical system
10.
a bureaucratic system
11.
a natural system
ANS: D
LO:
6
REF: 50
8. In
New York, an organized crime group is referred to as ___________.
9. The
Outfit
10.
a Family
11.
Il Gruppo
12.
The Office:
ANS:
B
LO: 6
REF: 51
9. Which
of the following demonstrate their value to the Family with financial success?
10.
Earners
11.
Shooters
12.
Both a and b
13.
None of these
ANS:
A
LO: 6
REF: 53
10.
Members and associates are organized into ___________,
semi-independent units nominally headed by a caporegime, a capodecina, a street
boss, or even a soldier.
11.
compadres
12.
crews
13.
compartments
14.
comrads
ANS:
B
LO: 6
REF: 55
11.
With the deaths of Masseria and Maranzano, __________ became the
most important Italian OC figure in New York.
12.
Lucky Luciano
13.
Frank Costello
14.
Vito Genovese
15.
John Gotti
ANS:
A
LO: 2
REF: 48
12.
According to the text, New York OC bosses are linked in a rather
informal arrangement known as:
13.
the crew
14.
the confederacy
15.
the commission
16.
the conglomeration
ANS:
C
LO: 3 | 6
REF: 59
13.
Which of the following has made the position of boss less
desirable than in the past?
14.
Increased surveillance
15.
Increased prosecution
16.
Both a and b
17.
None of these
ANS:
C
LO: 3
REF: 58
14.
The role of the Boss is to:
15.
resolve disputes
16.
make money
17.
recruit new members
18.
hire organizers
ANS:
A
LO: 1 | 3 | 6
REF: 57 | 58
15.
In what year was Chicago incorporated as a town?
16.
1800
17.
1833
18.
1853
19.
1870
ANS: B
LO:
3
REF: 60
16.
The origins of OC in Chicago can be traced to the mayoralty
election of 1873, in which ___________ backed the victorious candidate for
mayor.
17.
Big Bill Thompson
18.
John Coughlin
19.
Mike McDonald
20.
Michael Kenna
ANS:
C
LO: 3
REF: 61
17.
__________ began his political career as a rubber in the
exclusive Palmer Baths.
18.
Big Bill Thompson
19.
John Coughlin
20.
Mike McDonald
21.
Michael Kenna
ANS: B
LO:
3
REF: 61
18.
What was key to the power of Kenna and Coughlin?
19.
Delivering the vote
20.
Cornering the drug market
21.
Cornering the gambling market
22.
All of these
ANS:
A
LO: 3
REF: 63
19.
Following the election of ______________ as mayor of Chicago in
1915, the spoils system swept over the city like a noxious blight, and city
hall became a symbol for corruption and incompetence.
20.
Big Bill Thompson
21.
John Coughlin
22.
Mike McDonald
23.
Michael Kenna
ANS:
A
LO: 3
REF: 62
20.
In 1902, _____________ married a brothel keeper and began to
manage her business.
21.
Capone
22.
Torrio
23.
Giancana
24.
Colosimo
ANS: D
LO:
4
REF: 63
21.
Who did Colosimo leave in charge of his operations?
22.
Capone
23.
Torrio
24.
Giancana
25.
Colosimo, Jr.
ANS:
B
LO: 4
REF: 64
22.
With the coming of ___________, the personnel of organized vice
took the lead in the systematic organization of this new and profitable field
of exploitation.
23.
Prohibition
24.
immigration
25.
Both a and b
26.
None of these
ANS: A
LO:
4
REF: 64
23.
Eventually, Capone moved his headquarters from Chicago to
_________, where he took over the Hawthorne Inn.
24.
Cicero
25.
Boston
26.
Evanston
27.
Las Vegas
ANS:
A
LO: 4
REF: 65
24.
Who was supposed to be the victim of the St. Valentine’s Day
massacre?
25.
Capone
26.
Torrio
27.
O’Banion
28.
Bugs Moran
ANS:
D
LO: 4 | 5
REF: 67
25.
The most important event for Capone was a 1927 U. S. Supreme
Court decision ____________ that
upheld the Internal Revenue Service’s contention that even unlawful income was
subject to income taxes.
26.
United States v. Sullivan
27.
Gregg v. Georgia
28.
Lewis v. Wilkinson
29.
Tennessee v. Garner
ANS:
A
LO: 4
REF: 69
26.
As an adolescent, ___________ served as a gunman for Al Capone.
27.
Nitti
28.
Torrio
29.
Giancana
30.
Colosimo
ANS:
C
LO: 4
REF: 70
TRUE/FALSE
1. Among
the Italian immigrants were mafiosi who
established protection regimes in every American city that had a sizable
Sicilian population.
ANS: T
LO: 1
REF: 47
2. The
struggle for domination of Italian-American OC in New York became known as the
Castellammarese War because Maranzano and many of his supporters came from the
small Sicilian coastal town of Castellammare del Golfo.
ANS:
T
LO: 2
REF: 47 | 48
3. In
the New York model of the American Mafia, each of the bosses is entirely
disconnected from every other.
ANS: F
LO: 3 | 6
REF: 50 | 59
4. Although
any number of members may be related, the term Family does not imply kinship by blood
or marriage.
ANS:
T
LO: 1 | 3 | 6
REF: 51
5. By
2004, the heads of all five Families were incarcerated.
ANS:
T
LO: 3 | 6
REF: 49
6. When
millions of Italians immigrated to the United States in the late 19th and
early 20th centuries, social and economic circumstances available to
them were bleak and hostile.
ANS:
T
LO: 1
REF: 46
7. Until
Mike McDonald, gambling had been rather unorganized in Chicago and so were
politics.
ANS: T
LO: 4 | 6
REF: 61
8. The
Capone Organization can best be described not as a hierarchy directed by Al
Capone but rather as a senior partnership involving four men, who in turn
entered into a variety of partnerships to run specific enterprises.
ANS:
T
LO: 4
REF: 69
9. Colosimo
opened several brothels and a string of gambling houses.
ANS:
T
LO: 3 | 4
REF: 63
10.
After Colosimo’s death, Capone succeeded to the First Ward based
Italian ‘syndicate’ throne, which he occupied until his retirement in 1925.
ANS:
F
LO: 1
REF: 64
11.
“Diamond Jim” Colosimo was reluctant to get into bootlegging
because he was fearful of federal enforcement efforts.
ANS:
T
LO: 4
REF: 64
12.
Bugs Moran was not in the warehouse at the time, even though the
“St. Valentine’s Day Massacre” had been arranged in his honor.
ANS:
T
LO: 4
REF: 67
13.
In 1931, Capone was found guilty of income-tax evasion.
ANS: T
LO: 4
REF: 69
14.
The Capone Organization can be described as hierarchical.
ANS:
T
LO: 3
REF: 69
15.
The Outfit’s political base in the First Ward has been
destroyed.
ANS:
T
LO: 14 | 5
REF: 74
FILL IN THE BLANK
1. Between
1891 and 1920, 4 million Italians entered the United States. Most came from the
area south of Rome—in particular, Sicily, Naples, and its surrounding Campania
area, and the province of Calabria . This area is called the ___________.
ANS:
Mezzogiorno
LO:
1
REF: 46
2. The _____________ emerged
in 19th century New York as a lawful fraternal society designed to
advance the interests of Sicilian immigrants.
ANS: Unione
Siciliana
LO:
1
REF: 47
3. By
1930, there were two major Mafia factions in New York, one headed by ______________ operating
out of the Little Italy of East Harlem, and the other by ______________ whose
business office was in midtown Manhattan.
ANS: Giuseppe Masseria, Salvatore
Maranzano
LO: 1 | 2 REF: 47
4. At
the center of the universe of an American Mafia unit is the ____________.
ANS:
boss
LO: 3
REF: 49
5. The
conflict that arose in 1930 between the two major Mafia factions in New York is
known as ____________.
ANS: Castellamarese
War
LO: 2
REF: 47
6. _____________ once
worked as an assistant to Johnny Torrio.
ANS: Al
Capone
LO: 4
REF: 64
7. The Chicago
Outfit is organized on the basis of separate
ANS: street
crews
LO: 4
REF: 71
8. Chicago
is remarkable for the extent to which persons of various ethnicities have been
integrated into the dominant criminal organization, now known as ___________
ANS: the
Outfit
LO: 4
REF: 60
9. The
origins of OC in Chicago can be traced to mayoralty election of 1873, in
which __________________ backed
the victorious candidate for mayor.
ANS: Mike
McDonald
LO: 4
REF: 61
10.
Capone moved his headquarters from Chicago to __________ where
he took over the Hawthorne Inn.
ANS: Cicero
LO: 4
REF: 65
ESSAY
1. What
historical factors are related to the prominence of Italians in OC in the US?
ANS: Millions of Italian immigrants arrived in the US
between 1891 and 1920, at the peak (soon to wane) of the Robber Baron era, and
at the inception of Prohibition. The children grew up in desperate slums.
The Irish immigrants who came before them already controlled the
political and economic spheres. In order to beat rival organizations,
criminals of Sicilian descent reproduced the kind of illegal groups they had
belonged to in the old country.
Italian Prime Minister Mussolini persecuted the mafia in Italy
and many came to the US. These factors converged with the opportunities for
illegal gain provided by Prohibition to create Italian American organized crime
prominence.
LO:
1
REF: 46
2. Explain
the role of the boss in the New York model of Italian organized crime.
ANS: The boss—the paterfamilias is
at the center of the structure. The structure resembles a model of the
universe; the boss is surrounded by clients, for example, captains (capiregime), to whom he
acts as a patron.
LO:
6
REF: 49
3. State
the main points about the origin and ending of the Castellammarese War and tell
what developed in the immediate aftermath.
ANS: The Castellammarese War was a struggle between two
factions of Italian American organized crime in New York during and after
Prohibition. The conflict was in part between the old country
“moustaches” and younger fellows who were Americanized.
The war ended when the leaders of both factions were murdered
and Lucky Luciano emerged as the most important Italian Mafia figure in New
York.
LO: 2
REF: 47 | 48
4. How
does an individual become a member of a Mafia Family? Describe the process,
from recruitment to initiation.
ANS: To be eligible for membership, a young man (there are
no female members) must be of Italian descent. The prospective member
must have a sponsor and a history of successful criminal activity or possess
certain skills required by the group.
Every potential member is expected to participate in a murder.
Initiation involves ceremonies, passwords and rituals, and rules
of conduct with which members must abide. The ceremony with the boss, the consigliere, the
underboss, and the captain who brings you in. They prick your trigger finger
and make it bleed, and then they put a little piece of paper; they set it on
fire and burn it in your hand; you repeat after them that you will never betray
La Cosa Nostra, or you will burn like the paper is burning in your hand. Your
life does not belong to you anymore; your life belongs to them.
LO: 3
REF: 51 | 52 | 53
5. When
reformer William Dever was elected mayor of Chicago in 1923, the system of
political/police protection broke down. Describe what happened then.
ANS: Extremely violent inter-gang competition—the “Chicago
Wars”—erupted. The system of political/police protection broke down, and
in the ensuing confusion, Chicago became a battleground. The most
significant feud was between the Torrio-Capone syndicate and rhe forces headed
by O’Banion.
LO:
5
REF: 66
6. What
was Johnny Torrio’s and Al Capone’s importance in the development of organized
crime in Chicago?
ANS: Torrio and Capone saw the opportunity for riches that
Prohibition would present to the gangs and, on the other hand, the loss of
competitive advantage to other gangs that would occur if they did not jump
in. Their boss, Colosimo, did not want to participate, fearing
bootlegging would bring federal law enforcement down on them. Colosimo
ended up dead soon after. Torrio excelled as a master strategist and
organizer and quickly built up an empire. The Torrio-Capone organization
became crime overlords.
LO:
4
REF: 64
7. Describe
the structure of the American Mafia in New York.
ANS: The American Mafia in New York is a confederation of
Five Families of Italian American heritage. Each Family has particular
geographic and/or industry territories. Families cannot infringe on each
other’s “business.” A commission consisting of representatives from the
leadership of each Family is charged with settling inter-Family disputes.
A Family boss or member cannot murder a boss or member of another Family.
If the individual indeed needs to be “taken out,” his own Family has the right
to do the job.
LO:
6
REF: 49 | 50
8. Describe
the structure of the American Mafia in Chicago.
ANS: In Chicago, the connection between politics and the
dominant criminal organization has been extraordinary both for its intensity
and longevity. Chicago has also been remarkable for the extent to which persons
of various ethnicity have been integrated into the dominant criminal
organization, now known as “The Outfit.” The nature of OC in Chicago is
intimately intertwined with politics. It started with Mike McDonald, the
gambling boss of Chicago, demonstrated that under effective leadership the
gamblers, liquor interests, and brothel keepers could be welded into a
formidable political power.
LO:
6
REF: 72 | 73
9. What
happens—how does the public react—when organized crime violence escalates? Does
the public become more tolerant or less tolerant of the organized crime group,
and why?
ANS: When organized crime is not noticeably violent in a
community, people are likely to perceive it as helpful. It performs some
quasi-police functions, keeping street crime down, and provides some cultural
enjoyments such as gambling and prostitution (enjoyable for some). But
when violence escalates, the public loses its tolerance for organized crime and
demands reform. The sentence, “Gang wars are bad for business,” indicates
that organized crime group leaders are aware of the public’s dislike of
escalating violence.
LO:
5
REF: 67
10.
What was Italian immigrant life like in New York City in the
early 1900s?
ANS: By early 1900, about 500,000 (mostly southern)
Italians lived in New York City, in the most deprived social and economic
circumstances. Italian immigration transformed the neighborhood into a kind of
human ant heap in which suffering, crime, ignorance, and filth were the
dominant elements. The Italian immigrant provided the cheap labor.
LO:
1
REF: 46
CHAPTER FIVE
Italian Organized Crime and the Albanian Connection
Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The
southern Italians developed an ideal of:
2. manliness
3. omertá
4. vendetta
5. all
of these
ANS:
D
LO: 1
REF: 106
2. Members
of the Mafia refer to the organization as _____________?
3. Omertá
4. Vendetta
5. Cosa
Nostra
6. Capo
di Famiglia
ANS:
C
LO: 4
REF: 113
3. Which
one of the following statements is false?
4. Mafia is
a state of mind.
5. Mafia is
a secret criminal organization.
6. The mafia originated in
Sicily.
7. Mafia is
a way of life.
ANS:
B
LO: 2
REF: 108 | 109
4. Every Mafioso demands
what?
5. Extortion
money
6. Rispetto
7. Capomafioso
8. Blood
money
ANS:
B
LO: 2 | 4
REF: 111
5. At
the end of World War II, which group emerged?
6. The
Outfit
7. The
Firm
8. The Nuovo Mafia
9. The Mezzogiorno
ANS: C
LO:
4
REF: 113 | 114 | 115
6. Which
historical figure’s rise had important implications for the Mafia and
Italian-American organized crime?
7. Stalin
8. Hitler
9. Pope
John IX
10.
Mussolini
ANS: D
LO:
3
REF: 112
7. To
which crimes did the Cosa
Nostra resort to accumulate the capital necessary to be a
player in the heroin and cocaine marketplaces?
8. Extortion
and smuggling
9. Murder
hits and money laundering
10.
Robbery and kidnapping
11.
Prostitution and gambling
ANS:
C
LO: 4
REF: 125
8. According
to Barzini, which level of organization within the Mafia consists of a group of
several families who come together to form a cosca?
9. The
first level
10.
The second level
11.
The third level
12.
The fourth level
ANS:
B
LO: 4
REF: 109
9. Which
of the following has become a primary alternative to traditional Balkan smuggling
routes through the former Yugoslavia?
10.
The Mezzogiorno
11.
The Puglia (Apulia) region at the heel of the Italian boot
12.
Albania
13.
Sicily
ANS:
C
LO: 8
REF: 127
10.
In Sicily, at least how many people are directly tied to the
Mafia?
11.
500,000
12.
1 million
13.
2 million
14.
3 million
ANS:
A
LO: 4
REF: 116
11.
To a mafioso, rispetto is:
12.
a demonstration of affection
13.
a show of good manners
14.
an acknowledgement of power
15.
a representation of protection
ANS:
C
LO: 2 | 4
REF: 111
12.
What does the word cosca refer
to?
13.
the globe’s heart
14.
friends of friends
15.
a broker
16.
the leaves of an artichoke
ANS: D
LO:
4
REF: 109
13.
The New Mafia has a membership in excess of how many members?
14.
5,000
15.
10,000
16.
15,000
17.
20,000
ANS:
A
LO: 4
REF: 115
14.
The New Mafia is divided into about how many cosche?
15.
18
16.
180
17.
1800
18.
18,000
ANS:
B
LO: 4
REF: 115
15.
What does the term camorra mean?
16.
“honorable thieves”
b “contestation”
1. “secret”
2. “brotherhood”
ANS: B
LO:
5
REF: 119
16.
An estimated three-quarters of what product sold in Naples
originate in the black market?
17.
cigarettes
18.
guns
19.
blue jeans
20.
gasoline
ANS: A
LO:
5
REF: 120
17.
During the postwar era, many Sicilian Mafiosi were forced
into “internal exile” to live in which of the following cities?
18.
Naples
19.
Rome
20.
Florence
21.
Venice
ANS:
A
LO: 3 | 4 | 5
REF: 120
18.
Which of the following rules a collection of some of the most
ruthless Camorra clans in Naples?
19.
a priest
20.
a Mafioso
21.
a woman
22.
the mayor of the city
ANS:
B
LO: 1
REF: 121
19.
To the Camorra, which of the following is crucial?
20.
omertà
21.
secrecy
22.
territorial control
23.
religious ideology
ANS:
C
LO: 5
REF: 123
20.
The principal industry of the Neapolitan Camorra was:
21.
kidnapping
22.
burglary
23.
extortion
24.
international arms smuggling
ANS:
C
LO: 5
REF: 119
21.
Members of the ‘Ndrangheta must
do what to be admitted?
22.
cut off a finger
23.
tattoo most of their bodies
24.
take a blood oath
25.
commit five murders
ANS:
C
LO: 6
REF: 123
22.
The ‘Ndrangheta exhibits
its criminal skills in all but which of the following?
23.
kidnapping
24.
vast-scale international arms trafficking
25.
extortion
26.
all of these
ANS:
D
LO: 6
REF: 125
23.
Salvatore Riina is known by what name?
24.
“the Policeman”
25.
“the Butcher”
26.
“the Bull”
27.
“the Beast”
ANS:
D
LO: 4
REF: 115
24.
_______ are very violent; their major source of income derives
from trafficking in economic migrants, women, children, drugs, contraband,
weapons, and automobiles.
25.
Italian Crime Groups
26.
Mexican Crime Groups
27.
Albanian Crime Groups
28.
American Crime Groups
ANS:
C
LO: 9
REF: 127
25.
Which of the following is not a type of
criminal organization in Italy?
26.
The Mafia
27.
The ‘Ndrangheta
28.
The Neapolitan Camorra
29.
The Outfit
ANS: D
LO:
1
REF: 106
26.
In 1860, Italy was freed of foreign rule and united by:
27.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
28.
Luciana Leggio
29.
Salvatore Riina
30.
Vito Genovese
ANS:
C
LO: 1 |
2
REF: 108
27.
Which of the following means protection against the arrogance of
the powerful, remedy to any damage, sturdiness of body, strength and serenity
of spirit, and the best and most exquisite part of life?
28.
Omertá
29.
Mafia
30.
Cosa Nostra
31.
Capo di Famiglia
ANS:
B
LO: 1 | 2
REF: 109
28.
Who did Mussolini send to take down the Mafia?
29.
Luiana Leggio
30.
Prefect Cesare Mori
31.
Vito Genovese
32.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
ANS:
B
LO: 3
REF: 112
29.
Which of the following was the last of the old-style capomafiosi?
30.
Don Calò
31.
Luiana Leggio
32.
Vito Genovese
33.
Giuseppe Garibaldi
ANS:
A
LO: 4
REF: 113
TRUE/FALSE
1. Mussolini’s
rise to power in the 1920s had important implications for the Mafia and
Italian-American organized crime.
ANS:
T
LO: 3
REF: 112
2. The
end of World War II brought a Mafia renaissance in the United States as a
vacuum in local leadership was filled by former capomafiosi.
ANS:
F
LO: 3
REF: 113
3. While
burglary and other remunerative felonies were not neglected, extortion was the Camorra’s
principal industry.
ANS:
T
LO: 5
REF: 119
4. The
Mafia has little voting strength in Sicily.
ANS:
F
LO: 4
REF: 116
5. The cosca’s rigid organization
makes it an inflexible bureaucracy.
ANS:
F
LO: 4
REF: 109 | 110
6. Excesses
at home, a vigorous government response, and the increasing number of informers
have weakened the Mafia.
ANS:
T
LO: 4
REF: 117 | 118
7. As a
result of the assassinations of government officials, the New Mafia has gained
the support of important elements of Italian society.
ANS: F
LO: 4
REF: 117
8. The
New Mafia has a membership in excess of five thousand.
ANS:
T
LO: 1
REF: 115
9. A
collection of some of the most ruthless Camorra clans in Naples is ruled by a
woman.
ANS:
T
LO: 1
REF: 121
FILL IN THE BLANK
1. ______________
is a Sicilian-Arabic term meaning to protect and to act as guardian.
ANS: Mafia
LO:
2
REF: 109
2. ______________rise
to power in the 1920s had important implications for the Mafia and
Italian-American organized crime.
ANS:
Mussolini’s
LO:
3
REF: 112
3. The
members of the ‘Ndrangheta are
governed by the concept of _____________.
ANS:
omerta
LO:
6
REF: 123
4. The Nuovo Mafia emerged
after ______________.
ANS: World War
II
LO: 3 |
4
REF: 113
5. The
New Mafia is also known as ______________.
ANS: Cosa Nostra
LO:
4
REF: 113
6. The
New Mafia continues the ______________ which is the collection of protection
money from large and small businesses.
ANS:
pizzu
LO:
4
REF: 114
7. The
traditional Mafia pursued ________________, not wealth.
ANS:
power
LO: 1 |
2
REF: 117
8. The
Mezzogiornio was dependent on _______________ and had a legacy of political,
social, and economic repression and exploitation.
ANS:
agriculture
LO: 1
REF: 106
9. ___________ play
important roles in business operations in the Sacra Corona Unita.
ANS:
women
LO:
1
REF: 126
10.
The ___________ was deliberately structured as a criminal
society.
ANS:
Camorra
LO:
1
REF: 119
ESSAY
1. Explain
the following statement: Mafia is
a state of mind, a way of life – not a secret criminal organization.
ANS: Mafia is
shared by all Sicilians, the honest and the criminal: “they must aid each
other, side with their friends, and fight the common enemies even when the
friends are wrong and the enemies are right; each must defend his dignity at
all costs and never allow the smallest slight to go unavenged; they must keep
secrets and beware of official authorities and laws.”
LO: 1 |
2
REF: 109
2. Discuss
why Mussolini’s rise to power in the 1920s had important implications for the
Mafia and Italian-American organized crime.
ANS: Mussolini sought to destroy the Mafia. The campaign
against the Mafia drove some important mafiosi out
of Sicily. They traveled to the United States at an opportune time, during the
Prohibition era, and took up important positions in a newly emerging form of
organized crime.
LO: 3
REF: 112
3. Discuss
two or three differences between the Nuovo
Mafia and the “Old Mafia.”
ANS: Agrarian reform in Italy broke up the landed estates
and did away with the traditional capomafioso who
lived off agricultural profits, theft of cattle, control over water supplies,
and peasant labor. “The new Mafia was making deals in luxury hotels, in the
offices of multinational corporations, and the well-appointed studies of
politicians” (Costanzo 2007: 139). They were becoming increasingly urban–by
1987, there were eighteen cosche in
Palermo (Maran 2008).
LO:
4
REF: 114
4. Discuss
the relationship between politics and the Mafia in Sicily.
ANS: Italy is home to three world powers: the Italian government,
the Catholic Church, and the Mafia, of which the government is the feeblest.
Mafia voting strength is based on the circle of family and friends that
each mafioso can
deliver.
LO:
4
REF: 116
5. How
has the Nuovo Mafia contributed
to the decline of the Mafia in Sicily?
ANS: Since 1971, the Nuovo Mafia has assassinated
investigative, judicial, and political officials. This violence alienated
the Catholic church and the people, and brought government forces to bear against
the mafia.
LO:
4
REF: 117
6. What
is the Albanian connection to Italian organized crime?
ANS: Since 1992, ethnic Albanian organized crime groups
have profited greatly from instability and war in the Balkans to become the
fastest growing ethnic criminal presence in Europe, with operations reaching as
far as Australia and the United States (LaVerle et al. 2003). Albanian
influence in the Mezzogiorno dates
back to the migration of Albanians driven from their country by the Ottoman
invasion in the fifteenth century. Known as arbresheri, many settled in Calabria and
Sicily where they quickly integrated with the existing culture of southern
Italy (Bequai 1979).
Once the most isolated country in Europe, Albania became a haven
for local and foreign criminal groups after the collapse of its Stalinist
regime in the early 1990s.
LO: 8 |
9
REF: 126 | 127 | 128 | 129
7. What
is the organizational structure of the ’Ndrangheta?
ANS: ‘Ndrangheta is a loose federation of mafia families.
Clans are based on blood ties, allowing for a high degree of internal cohesion
which protects against informants.
LO:
6
REF: 124
8. What
is omertá?
Define the term’s meaning in southern Italy region of Mezzogiorno and
briefly tell its implications for men in that region.
ANS: Omertá is
the southern Italian ideal of manliness. It includes non-cooperation with
authorities (vow of silence), self-control in the face of adversity, and
the vendetta—“blood
washes blood”—which dictated that any offense or slight to the famiglia (family)
had to be avenged, no matter what the consequences or how long it took.
LO:
1
REF: 106
9. What
is a famiglia in
the culture of the Mezzogiorno?
Who are the members of a famiglia?
ANS: A famiglia s
composed of all of one’s blood relatives; including all relatives Americans
would consider very distant cousins, aunts, and uncles, an extended clan whose
genealogy was traced through paternity. The clan was supplemented through
an important comparático or comparaggio (godparenthood),
through which carefully selected outsiders became, to an important (but
incomplete) extent, members of the family.
LO: 1
REF: 106
10.
Why do Albanian transnational organized crime groups prefer to
reside in Albania, when they could live in Italy or elsewhere around the world?
ANS: In Albania, they benefit from a weak and corrupt justice system.
“Albania is an origin and transit country. The criminal elements can take
advantage of the instability, corruption and lack of organization and resources
of the Albanian law enforcement entities. Illicit funds are laundered back into
Albania from abroad to purchase and develop choice properties suspiciously
acquired during the privatization program.”
LO:
9
REF: 127
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