Operations And Supply Chain Management 15Th edition By Jacobs – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter03TestBankStatic

1.   Concept development is one of the typical phases of product development.

TRUE

 

Our generic product development process consists of six phases, as illustrated in Exhibit 3.1. The process begins with a planning phase, which is the link to advanced research and technology development activities. The output of the planning phase is the project’s mission statement, which is the input required to begin the concept development phase.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Design Process

2.   Early prototypes of a new product, using the same geometry and material processes as the production versions, are usually constructed during the concept development phase of the product development process.

FALSE

 

Phase 4: Testing and refinement. The testing and refinement phase involves the construction and evaluation of multiple preproduction versions of the product. Early prototypes are usually built with parts with the same geometry and material properties as the production version of the product but not necessarily fabricated with the actual processes to be used in production.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Design Process

3.   A key decision point in the generic development process during “Phase 4: Testing and Refinement” is concept approval.

FALSE

 

Concept approval is not part of the generic development process discussed in the text.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

 

4.   A key decision point in the generic development process during “Phase 1: Concept Development” is project approval.

FALSE

 

Phase 1: Concept Development. In this phase, the needs of the target market are identified, alternative product concepts are generated and evaluated, and one or more concepts are selected for further development and testing. A concept is a description of the form, function, and features of a product and is usually accompanied by a set of specifications, an analysis of competitive products, and an economic justification of the project. Project approval is not mentioned.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

 

5.   The generic development process outlined in the textbook is followed by many, if not most, of the firms in the Fortune 500.

FALSE

 

Some firms define and follow a precise and detailed development process, while others may not even be able to describe their processes. Every organization employs a process that is different from that of every other organization; in fact, the same organization may follow different processes for different product groups.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

 

6.   Target customers are specified during “Phase 0: Planning” of the generic product development process.

TRUE

 

Phase 0: Planning. The planning activity is often referred to as “phase zero” because it precedes the project approval and launch of the actual product development process. This phase begins with corporate strategy and includes assessment of technology developments and market objectives. The output of the planning phase is the project mission statement, which specifies the target market for the product, business goals, key assumptions, and constraints.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

 

7.   The main purpose of concurrent engineering is to improve product quality.

FALSE

 

Traditionally, the attitude of designers has been “We design it; you build it.” This has now been termed the “over-the-wall approach,” where the designer is sitting on one side of the wall and throwing the design over the wall to the manufacturing engineers. These manufacturing engineers then have to deal with the problems that arise because they were not involved in the design effort. One way to overcome this problem is to consult the manufacturing engineers during the design stage. The resulting teamwork avoids many of the problems that might arise. These concurrent engineering teams require analysis tools to help them study proposed designs and evaluate them from the point of view of manufacturing difficulty and cost.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: Designing Products for Manufacture and Assembly

 

8.   Quality function deployment is an engineering analysis whose purpose is to simplify products and processes.

FALSE

 

One approach to getting the voice of the customer into the design specification of a product is quality function deployment (QFD).

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing for the Customer

9.   Quality function deployment involves listening to customers to determine the characteristics of a superior product.

TRUE

 

The QFD process begins with studying and listening to customers to determine the characteristics of a superior product.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing for the Customer

10.                Designing a new product for aesthetics and for the user is generally termed industrial design.

TRUE

 

Designing for aesthetics and for the user is generally termed industrial design.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing for the Customer

11.                One of the methodologies that can aid in designing a new product for customers is a house of quality matrix.

TRUE

 

Customer requirement information forms the basis for a matrix called the house of quality. By building a house of quality matrix, the cross-functional QFD team can use customer feedback to make engineering, marketing, and design decisions. The matrix helps the team translate customer requirements into concrete operating or engineering goals. However, the most important benefit of the house of quality is that it helps the team focus on building a product that satisfies customers.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-03 Contrast how service products can have different design criteria compared to manufactured products.
Topic: Designing for the Customer

12.                Value analysis/value engineering has as its objective to increase product quality and reduce costs.

FALSE

 

The purpose of value analysis/value engineering is to simplify products and processes.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing for the Customer

 

13.                DFMA stands for design for manufacturing and assembly.

TRUE

 

How does design for manufacturing and assembly (DFMA) work?

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing Products for Manufacture and Assembly

 

14.                In a concurrent engineering approach to product design and development, an integration team ensures that various parts of the product are compatible with the needs of the target customer.

FALSE

 

Detail design of the components is a highly parallel process, often referred to as concurrent engineering, with many separate development teams working at once.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

15.                A key tool of a quality function deployment team is the house of quality matrix.

TRUE

 

In quality function deployment (QFD), one of the major steps is to determine the product characteristics that are important to the consumer and to evaluate the firm’s product in relation to others. The end result is a better understanding and focus on product characteristics that require improvement, Using this information as the basis, a house of quality matrix is constructed which may be used to improve the product design.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing Products for Manufacture and Assembly

16.                A contract manufacturer is an organization capable of manufacturing and/or purchasing all of the components needed to produce a finished product or device.

TRUE

 

Companies that specialize in designing and manufacturing products for other companies have become very successful. The producing companies are called contract manufacturers.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Design Process

17.                Specialized design firms tend to have highly developed processes that support the needs of particular industries.

TRUE

 

Companies that specialize in the design of products have highly developed processes to support the activities needed for an industry.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Design Process

 

 

18.                Core competencies are those things that everyone in the firm must be able to do well.

FALSE

 

A company’s core competency is the one thing that it can do better than its competitors.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Design Process

19.                A competency is not core if it is easy for competitors to imitate.

TRUE

 

A core competency must have three characteristics: 3. It is hard for competitors to imitate.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Design Process

20.                One goal of having a core competency is to do something better than anyone else.

FALSE

 

The goal is to have a core competency that yields a long-term competitive advantage to the company.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Design Process

21.                The conclusion of the product development process is when the product is withdrawn from the market.

FALSE

 

The conclusion of the product development process is the product launch.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

22.                In the generic product development process, phase 2 (system-level design) begins with corporate strategy and incorporates market objectives.

FALSE

 

Phase 0: Planning. This phase begins with corporate strategy and includes assessment of technology developments and market objectives.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

23.                In the generic product development process, collecting customer needs is accomplished during phase 0 (planning).

FALSE

 

Phase 1: Concept Development. In this phase, the needs of the target market are identified.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

24.                Most purchasers of electronic products cannot fully operate them and use only a small number of the available features.

TRUE

 

Most purchasers of electronic products cannot fully operate them and use only a small number of the available features. This has occurred because computer chips are inexpensive and adding more controls has negligible cost.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing for the Customer

25.                The “house of quality” matrix is a technique that relates customer requirements to concrete operating or engineering goals.

TRUE

 

By building a house of quality matrix, the cross-functional QFD team can use customer feedback to make engineering, marketing, and design decisions. The matrix helps the team translate customer requirements into concrete operating or engineering goals.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: The Product Development Process

26.                One of the major benefits of DFMA is that products are designed that customers will want.

FALSE

 

The greatest improvements related to DFMA arise from simplification of the product by reducing the number of separate parts. This has little or nothing to do with making the products more attractive to customers except in the sense that the cost of manufacture will be less.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing Products for Manufacture and Assembly

27.                Incorporation of environmental considerations in the design and development of products or services is called ecodesign.

TRUE

 

Ecodesign is the incorporation of environmental considerations in the design and development of products or services.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Ecodesign

 

28.                Ecodesign replaces one or more of the other requirements considered in the design process.

FALSE

 

Ecodesign is an extension of the other important requirements considered in the design process such as quality, costs, manufacturability, functionality, durability, ergonomics, and aesthetics.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Ecodesign

29.                Because ecodesigned products are innovative and have better environmental performance, they can be of a slightly lesser quality than the market standard.

FALSE

 

Ecodesigned products are innovative, have better environmental performance, and are of a quality at least equal to the market standard.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Ecodesign

30.                The ecodesign approach focuses exclusively on the design and commercial launch phases of the product’s life cycle.

FALSE

 

The whole life cycle of the product or service is considered.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Ecodesign

31.                Which of the following is not a typical phases of product development?

32.                Concept development

33.                Value engineering

34.                System-level design

35.                Testing and refinement

36.                Production/ramp-up

 

The six phases of the generic development process are:
Phase 0: Planning
Phase 1: Concept development
Phase 2: System-level design
Phase 3: Design detail
Phase 4: Testing and refinement
Phase 5: Production ramp-up

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

 

 

32.                Which of the following is a characteristic of concurrent engineering?

33.                Integrated computer-assisted design

34.                Using automated guided vehicles

35.                Separate development teams working at once

36.                Having an excellent forecasting system

37.                The design-build-test cycle

 

Detail design of the components is a highly parallel process, often referred to as concurrent engineering, with many separate development teams working at once.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

33.                Which of the following is primarily used to help design products that will connect product attributes with customer desires?

34.                Phase 0: Planning

35.                House of quality matrix

36.                Value analysis/value engineering

37.                Concurrent engineering

38.                System-level design

 

The house of quality matrix helps translate customer requirements into concrete operating or engineering goals. However, the most important benefit of the house of quality is that it helps focus on building a product that satisfies customers.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing for the Customer

34.                Design for manufacturing and assembly delivers product improvements by emphasizing which of the following?

35.                Reducing product quality during the assembly process

36.                Simplification of the product by reducing the number of separate parts

37.                Reducing equipment in the production process

38.                Designing products so they can be manufactured by a virtual factory

39.                Designing products that customers will want

 

The greatest improvements related to DFMA arise from simplification of the product by reducing the number of separate parts.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing Products for Manufacture and Assembly

 

 

35.                Which of the following is a time-to-market performance measure used in judging product development performance?

36.                Frequency of new-product introductions

37.                Product reliability

38.                Customer loyalty

39.                Yield

40.                Value analysis

 

See  Measuring product development performance discussion.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-05 Illustrate how product development is measured in a company.
Topic: Measuring Product Development Performance

36.                What dimension of competitiveness does time-to-market performance in product design and process selection affect?

37.                Engineering hours per project

38.                The cost of ongoing service

39.                Responsiveness to customer needs

40.                Aesthetics of design

41.                None of these

 

SeeMeasuring product development performance discussion..

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-05 Illustrate how product development is measured in a company.
Topic: Measuring Product Development Performance

37.                What dimension of competitiveness does quality in product design affect?

38.                Engineering hours per project

39.                The cost of ongoing service

40.                Responsiveness to customer needs

41.                Aesthetics of design

42.                None of these

 

SeeMeasuring product development performance discussion..

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-05 Illustrate how product development is measured in a company.
Topic: Measuring Product Development Performance

 

 

38.                A reason that firms must develop more new products than ever is which of the following?

39.                Product life cycles are shorter

40.                Commitments to joint venture partners

41.                They are replacing old customers with new ones

42.                To amortize heavy investments in development labs

43.                The increased difficulty of defending patents and trade names

 

Because the number of new products has increased while model lives and life cycles have shrunk, firms must mount more development projects than previously, and these projects must use substantially fewer resources per project.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Measuring Product Development Performance

39.                Concept development assumes a proven technology in which variant of the generic product development process?

40.                Technology-push products

41.                Quick-build products

42.                Complex systems

43.                Platform products

44.                Process-intensive products

 

See Exhibit 3.2.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

40.                Similarity of projects allows for a streamlined and highly structured development process in which variant of the generic product development process?

41.                Technology-push products

42.                Customized products

43.                Complex systems

44.                Quick-build products

45.                Process-intensive products

 

See Exhibit 3.2.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

 

41.                Sensitivity analysis of the base-case financial model is a useful tool for which of the following reasons?

42.                To determine how long the development process can profitably last

43.                To understand how many technical people are needed to make the project a success

44.                To help understand the basic trade-offs of resources committed and cash received

45.                To identify the necessary product launch date

46.                To set marketing and sales budgets

 

Sensitivity analysis uses the financial model to answer “what if” questions by calculating the change in NPV corresponding to a change in the factors included in the model.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04 Evaluate the economic impact of a new product on a company.
Topic: Measuring Product Development Performance

42.                Advocates of financial modeling of product design projects argue that:

43.                Financial analysis focuses on measurable quantities only.

44.                Financial analysis brings discipline and control to the product development process.

45.                Sufficiently rigorous financial analysis can accurately forecast the product’s profit potential.

46.                Financial analysis is as solid as the assumptions that go into the model.

47.                Financial analysis nurtures innovation and creativity.

 

Financial modeling and sensitivity analysis are powerful tools for supporting product development decisions, but these techniques have important limitations. Many argue that rigorous financial analyses are required to bring discipline and control to the product development process. Others argue that financial analysis only focuses on measurable quantities and that it is often extremely difficult to predict these values accurately.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04 Evaluate the economic impact of a new product on a company.
Topic: Measuring Product Development Performance

43.                System integration and validation are an important step in which variant of the generic product development process?

44.                Technology-push products

45.                Customized products

46.                Complex systems

47.                Quick-build products

48.                Process-intensive products

 

See Exhibit 3.2.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

 

44.                Consumer electronics is an example of a product developed in which variant of the generic product development process?

45.                Technology-push products

46.                Customized products

47.                Platform products

48.                Quick-build products

49.                Process-intensive products

 

See Exhibit 3.2.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-01 Know the issues associated with product design and the typical processes used by companies.
Topic: The Product Development Process

 

45.                The most basic categories of cash flow for a typical new product do not include:

46.                Depreciation

47.                Ramp-up cost

48.                Development cost

49.                Sales revenue

50.                Marketing cost

 

The most basic categories of cash flow for a typical new-product-development project are:
• Development cost
• Ramp-up cost
• Marketing and support cost
• Production cost
• Sales revenue

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-04 Evaluate the economic impact of a new product on a company.
Topic: Economic Analysis of Product Development Projects

46.                Economic analysis of product development projects is useful in which of the following circumstances?

47.                Factory location

48.                Distribution decisions

49.                Go/no-go milestones

50.                Demand estimation

51.                Pricing

 

Economic analysis is useful in at least two different circumstances:
1. Go/no-go milestones.
2. Operational design and development decisions.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-04 Evaluate the economic impact of a new product on a company.
Topic: Economic Analysis of Product Development Projects

47.                Economic analysis of product development projects must evaluate which of the following?

48.                Planned profitability of the product

49.                Expected market share to be attained

50.                Net present value of profits

51.                Timing and amount of net cash flow

52.                Demand elasticity of the product

 

Computing the NPV requires that the net cash flow for each period be determined.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 03-04 Evaluate the economic impact of a new product on a company.
Topic: Economic Analysis of Product Development Projects

48.                Quality function deployment (QFD):

49.                Is a manufacturing function aimed at lowering cost by reducing the portion of rejected units.

50.                Fills the house of quality matrix with the designer’s aspirations for the product.

51.                Starts with studying and listening to customers.

52.                Is a place where the quality assurance function is housed.

53.                Is another term for value engineering.

 

The QFD process starts with studying and listening to customers to determine the characteristics of a superior product.

 

AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 03-02 Illustrate how different criteria can impact the design of a product.
Topic: Designing for the Customer