Nutrition Ecology and Behavior 8Th Edition By Pete Anderson – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter 03 The Human Body: A Nutrition Perspective Answer Key

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.	Transmission of nerve impulses relies on the concentrations of ______ in the neuron.     A. calcium and magnesium   B. B vitamins   C. sodium and potassium   D. cholesterol

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01 Understand some basic roles of nutrients in human physiology. Learning Outcome: 03.05 List basic characteristics of the nervous system and its role in nutrition. Section: 03.06 Nervous System Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

2.	Which of the following is stored within the nucleus of the cell and acts as a code book for synthesizing specific proteins?     A. RNA   B. Cells   C. Organs   D. DNA

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.02 Identify the functions of the common cellular components. Section: 03.02 The Cell: Structure, Function, and Metabolism Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

3.	The constant turnover of body tissues requires the ______ supplied by carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids.     A. chemical energy   B. hormones   C. vitamins   D. structural components

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01 Understand some basic roles of nutrients in human physiology. Section: 03.01 Nutrition’s Role in Human Physiology Topic: Metabolism

 

4.	All of the following must be supplied by the diet to support the chemical processes of human physiology except     A. phytochemicals.   B. lipids.   C. vitamins and minerals.   D. carbohydrates.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.01 Understand some basic roles of nutrients in human physiology. Section: 03.01 Nutrition’s Role in Human Physiology Topic: Metabolism

 

5.	To which body part does blood travel to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide?     A. Heart   B. Lungs   C. Liver   D. Kidneys

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.04 Identify the role of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems in nutrition. Section: 03.03 Body Systems Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

6.	The _____ system is made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance, and many other functions.     A. urinary   B. lymphatic   C. endocrine   D. cardiovascular

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.06 List basic characteristics of the endocrine system, especially the pancreas, and its role in nutrition. Section: 03.07 Endocrine System Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

7.	Which hormone functions in the regulation of the body’s metabolic rate?     A. Insulin   B. Vitamin D   C. Glucagon   D. Thyroid hormone

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.06 List basic characteristics of the endocrine system, especially the pancreas, and its role in nutrition. Section: 03.07 Endocrine System Topic: Metabolism

 

8.	The ______ system is assisted by the lymphatic system and the physical barriers of the skin and gastrointestinal tract.     A. immune   B. respiratory   C. nervous   D. skeletal

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.07 List basic characteristics of the immune system and its role in nutrition. Section: 03.08 Immune System Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

9.	The physical barriers of the skin and GI tract support the ______ immune response.     A. nonspecific (innate)   B. specific (adaptive)

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.07 List basic characteristics of the immune system and its role in nutrition. Section: 03.08 Immune System Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

10.	The processes by which certain white blood cells identify and destroy pathogens are part of the ______ immune response.     A. specific (adaptive)   B. nonspecific (innate)

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.07 List basic characteristics of the immune system and its role in nutrition. Section: 03.08 Immune System Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

11.	What structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow?     A. Epiglottis   B. Tongue   C. Tonsils   D. Esophagus

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

12.	Which large blood vessel is the first to receive most recently eaten nutrients, transporting them to the liver?     A. Hepatic portal vein   B. Mesenteric vein   C. Subclavian vein   D. Renal vein

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.04 Identify the role of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems in nutrition. Section: 03.04 Cardiovascular System and Lymphatic System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

13.	Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?     A. Helps to regulate water content of the body   B. Contributes to acid-base balance of the blood   C. Excretion of water-soluble vitamins   D. Excretion of fat-soluble vitamins

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.09 List basic characteristics of the urinary system and its role in nutrition. Section: 03.05 Urinary System Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

14.	Which organ of the urinary system produces urine?     A. Kidney   B. Ureter   C. Urethra   D. Urinary bladder

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.09 List basic characteristics of the urinary system and its role in nutrition. Section: 03.05 Urinary System Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

15.	Nutrient-rich blood leaving the intestine goes by way of a vein directly to the     A. kidneys.   B. heart.   C. liver.   D. pancreas.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

16.	After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins?     A. Portal   B. Enterohepatic   C. Lymphatic   D. Mesentery

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.04 Identify the role of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems in nutrition. Section: 03.04 Cardiovascular System and Lymphatic System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

17.	Which of the following is a feature of the lymphatic system?     A. It is composed of a mucus-like substance.   B. It picks up and transports dietary lipids.   C. It serves to transport fat- and water-soluble vitamins to the heart.   D. It funnels nutrients to the liver via a one-way pump.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.04 Identify the role of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems in nutrition. Section: 03.04 Cardiovascular System and Lymphatic System Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

18.	Which of the following is true about the lymphatic system?     A. The specialized fluid carried by this system is blood.   B. This system never intersects with the bloodstream.   C. It helps to maintain the acid-base balance of the blood.   D. It is important for transporting fat-soluble nutrients.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.04 Identify the role of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems in nutrition. Section: 03.04 Cardiovascular System and Lymphatic System Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

19.	Where does digestion begin?     A. Mouth   B. Stomach   C. Esophagus   D. Small intestine

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

20.	The epiglottis     A. covers the opening of the stomach.   B. prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing.   C. regulates the movement of chyme from the stomach into the small intestine.   D. is the first GI tract sphincter.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

21.	Most chemical digestion takes place in the     A. stomach.   B. small intestine.   C. pancreas.   D. large intestine.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

22.	The stomach empties into the small intestine through the     A. pyloric sphincter.   B. lower esophageal sphincter.   C. sphincter of Oddi.   D. ileocecal sphincter.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

23.

What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?     A. Prevents esophageal contents from emptying too quickly into the stomach   B. Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus   C. Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach   D. Prevents intestinal contents from emptying too quickly into the colon

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

24.	What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?     A. Pyloric   B. Esophageal   C. Anal   D. Ileocecal

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

25.	The ring-like muscles that prevent the backflow of partially digested food within the gastrointestinal tract are called     A. sphincters.   B. passages.   C. channels.   D. gates.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

26.

Which of the following is a description of chyme?     A. A watery mixture of partially digested food released by the stomach into the intestines   B. The semisolid mass of undigested food that is swallowed   C. The mixture of pancreatic juices containing enzymes for digestion   D. A thick, viscous material synthesized by mucosal cells for protection against digestive juices

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

27.	Which of the following is not a sphincter?     A. Duodenal   B. Esophageal   C. Pyloric   D. Ileocecal

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

28.	Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?     A. Breaks apart food particles   B. Controls passage of food through the GI tract   C. Controls peristalsis   D. Releases enzymes and hormones into the GI tract

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

29.	What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes?     A. Bicarbonate   B. Mucus   C. Bile   D. Pancreatic juices

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

30.	Where are most digestive enzymes produced?       A. Pancreas and small intestine   B. Liver and large intestine   C. Pancreas and large intestine   D. Liver and pancreas

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

31.	Which of the following, upon digestion, is not normally absorbed directly into the bloodstream?     A. Minerals   B. Fats   C. Carbohydrates   D. Proteins

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

32.	Which of the following organs serves as a storage depot for many vitamins and minerals?     A. Liver   B. Stomach   C. Kidney   D. Brain

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.10 Understand the importance of the body storage areas for nutrients. Section: 03.10 Nutrient Storage Capabilities Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

33.	Which of the following body organs produces bile?     A. Stomach   B. Salivary glands   C. Pancreas   D. Liver

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

34.	Peristalsis refers to     A. chewing and swallowing.   B. the opening and closing of sphincters.   C. the action of bile on dietary fat.   D. muscular movement of materials through the GI tract.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

35.	Which of the following is not a short-term storage site for carbohydrates in the body?     A. Blood   B. Liver   C. Muscle   D. Brain

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.10 Understand the importance of the body storage areas for nutrients. Section: 03.10 Nutrient Storage Capabilities Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

36.	The muscular contractions that move food through the digestive tract are called     A. regurgitation.   B. peristalsis.   C. propulsion.   D. compression.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

37.	Which of the following organs is part of the GI tract?     A. Liver   B. Kidneys   C. Colon   D. Gallbladder

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Anatomy and physiology

 

38.	The study of the ways nutrients and food influence gene expression is called     A. epidemiology.   B. molecular biology.   C. nutrigenomics.   D. nutrigenetics.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.11 Understand the emerging field of nutritional genomics. Section: 03.11 Nutrition and Genetics Topic: Nutritional genomics

 

39.	The study of how genes determine our nutritional requirements is called     A. nutrigenomics.   B. nutrigenetics.   C. nutritional biochemistry.   D. genetic engineering.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.11 Understand the emerging field of nutritional genomics. Section: 03.11 Nutrition and Genetics Topic: Nutritional genomics

 

40.	What percentage of a meal has been absorbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?     A. 25%   B. 55%   C. 80%   D. 95%

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

41.	These protein-based substances enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen.     A. Bile   B. Emulsifiers   C. Enzymes   D. Hormones

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.02 The Cell: Structure, Function, and Metabolism Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Metabolism

 

42.

Which of the following is true about digestive enzymes?     A. One enzyme can speed many types of chemical processes.   B. Enzymes are not sensitive to temperature.   C. Enzymes that work in the acidic environment of the stomach cannot work in the basic or alkaline environment of the small intestine and vice versa.   D. Enzymes typically work independently of vitamins or minerals.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

43.	Excessive acid production in the stomach or upper small intestine could result in     A. poor iron, calcium, and folate absorption.   B. small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.   C. an ulcer.   D. decreased fiber digestion and absorption.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.12 Identify the major nutrition-related gastrointestinal health problems and approaches to treatment. Section: 03.12 Nutrition and Your Health: Common Problems with Digestion Topic: Digestive disorders

 

44.	Absorption of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all of the following mechanisms except     A. sustained absorption.   B. passive absorption.   C. active absorption.   D. facilitated absorption.

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

45.	Which pH best describes the environment of the stomach when stimulated?     A. Neutral   B. Acidic   C. Basic

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

46.	The function of thick mucus in the stomach is to A. promote fat digestion.   B. activate stomach enzymes.   C. protect stomach cells from acid and enzymes.   D. keep the stomach bacteria-free.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

47.	When food enters the small intestine, a hormone stimulates the release of ______ from the pancreas.     A. acid   B. bicarbonate   C. bile   D. mucus

 

Blooms Level: 2. Understand Learning Outcome: 03.06 List basic characteristics of the endocrine system, especially the pancreas, and its role in nutrition. Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

48.	Partially digested food that enters the small intestine from the stomach is called     A. a bolus.   B. feces.   C. chyme.   D. bile.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

49.	Which of the following substances is primarily involved in the emulsification of fat to facilitate its digestion?     A. Bicarbonate   B. Pancreatic juices   C. Hydrochloric acid   D. Bile

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport

 

50.	Which of the following is true regarding bile?     A. It is an enzyme.   B. It stimulates the release of pancreatic juices.   C. It is produced by the liver.   D. It is a hormone.

 

Blooms Level: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 03.08 Outline the overall processes of digestion and absorption in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, as well as the roles played by the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Section: 03.09 Digestive System Topic: Digestion, absorption, and transport