Nutrition and Diet Therapy 11th Edition by Ruth Roth – Test bank
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Sample
Test
CHAPTER 3: DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, AND METABOLISM
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. What
area of the stomach does the bolus of food first enter?
|
a. |
fundus |
c. |
body of the stomach |
|
b. |
pylorus |
d. |
duodenum |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Digestion
2. Which
of the following is a hormone that triggers the release of gastric juices?
|
a. |
gastrin |
c. |
trypsin |
|
b. |
pepsin |
d. |
secretin |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Digestion
3. Which
hormone causes the release of sodium bicarbonate to neutralize the acidity of
chyme?
|
a. |
gastrin |
c. |
secretin |
|
b. |
pepsin |
d. |
none of the above |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Digestion
4. Projecting
from the small intestine are microscopic fingerlike projections known as ____.
|
a. |
villi |
c. |
capillaries |
|
b. |
cilia |
d. |
both a and b |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Absorption
5. What
is the name of the process that takes released energy and builds new substances
from simpler ones?
|
a. |
anabolism |
c. |
oxidation |
|
b. |
catabolism |
d. |
metabolism |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Metabolism
6. Which
of the following factors does not contribute to one’s basal metabolic rate
(BMR)?
|
a. |
lean body mass |
c. |
heredity |
|
b. |
daily activity |
d. |
climate |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Basal Metabolic Rate
7. Which
statement is true?
|
a. |
As lean body mass
decreases, so does one’s BMR. |
|
b. |
As lean body mass
decreases, one’s BMR increases. |
|
c. |
There is no relationship
between BMR and lean body mass. |
|
d. |
BMR is inversely related to
lean body mass. |
ANS:
A
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Basal Metabolic Rate
8. Metabolism
is the body’s ____.
|
a. |
use of energy to conserve
nutrients |
|
b. |
use of food to create
energy |
|
c. |
process whereby food is
broken down into smaller parts |
|
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
DIF:
A
TOP: Metabolism
9. The
process of digestion begins in the ____.
|
a. |
esophagus |
c. |
mouth |
|
b. |
stomach |
d. |
small intestine |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF: A
TOP: Digestion
10. What
term is used to describe the movement caused by rhythmic contractions of the
muscular wall of the gastrointestinal tract?
|
a. |
mechanical |
c. |
peristalsis |
|
b. |
chemical |
d. |
hydrolysis |
ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Digestion
11. Where
does the final chemical digestion of carbohydrates occur?
|
a. |
mouth |
c. |
esophagus |
|
b. |
stomach |
d. |
small intestine |
ANS: D
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Digestion
12. What
is the lower end of the esophagus termed?
|
a. |
bolus |
c. |
ileum |
|
b. |
cardiac sphincter |
d. |
duodenum |
ANS:
B
PTS: 1
DIF:
A
TOP: Digestion
13. Which
one is NOT a role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach?
|
a. |
activate the enzyme pepsin |
c. |
destroys antibodies |
|
b. |
destroys bacteria in food |
d. |
aids in the solubility of
iron and calcium |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Digestion
14. What
do lacteals absorb?
|
a. |
glucose and water-soluble
vitamins |
|
b. |
amino acids and enzymes |
|
c. |
fatty acids, glycerol, and fat-soluble
vitamins |
|
d. |
minerals only |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Absorption
15. After
being absorbed into the small intestine, fructose and galactose are then
carried to the ____.
|
a. |
stomach |
c. |
kidney |
|
b. |
small intestine |
d. |
liver |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Absorption
16. ____
is the process that uses released energy to convert substances to simpler
products.
|
a. |
Aerobic metabolism |
c. |
Anaerobic metabolism |
|
b. |
Catabolism |
d. |
Anabolism |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Metabolism
17. What
factor might increase someone’s BMR?
|
a. |
fever |
c. |
lactation |
|
b. |
pregnancy |
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Basal Metabolic Rate
18. As
people age, the lean body mass _______.
|
a. |
increases |
c. |
decreases |
|
b. |
stays the same |
d. |
none of the above |
ANS:
C
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Energy
19. The
thermic effect of food includes the energy required to ___________ food.
|
a. |
digest |
c. |
transport |
|
b. |
absorb |
d. |
all of the above |
ANS:
D
PTS:
1
DIF:
C
TOP: Energy
20. _____________
is an enzyme that aids in the digestion of fats.
|
a. |
Pancreatic amylase |
c. |
Salivary amylase |
|
b. |
Pancreatic lipase |
d. |
None of the above |
ANS:
B
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Digestion
21. The
__________ is the end of the stomach nearest the small intestine.
|
a. |
fundus |
c. |
duodenum |
|
b. |
cardiac sphincter |
d. |
pylorus |
ANS: D
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Digestion
22. _________is
an enzyme that aids in the digestion of proteins.
|
a. |
Trypsin |
c. |
Both a and b |
|
b. |
Carboxypeptidase |
d. |
None of the above |
ANS: C
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Digestion
SHORT ANSWER
1. Describe
the function and the actions of the gallbladder. Include the action of the
substances produced by the gallbladder.
ANS:
When food enters the small intestine, the gallbladder is
triggered by the hormone cholecystokinin (which is produced by intestinal
mucosal glands when fats enter) to release bile. Bile is produced in the liver
and stored in the gall bladder. Bile aids in digestion by emulsifying fat. This
allows the body to absorb fat more easily.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Digestion
2. What
are the activities of absorption that occur in the large intestine? Describe
the movement of food residue through the large intestine that results in
watery, liquid stools.
ANS:
Some nutrient and water absorption occurs in the large
intestine. The colon wall secretes mucus as a protection from the acidic
digestive juices in the chyme. The major functions of the large intestine are
to absorb water, synthesize some B vitamins and vitamin K, and collect food
residue. Undigested food is excreted as feces by way of the rectum. If diarrhea
is present, this means the chyme and liquids have moved through the colon too
rapidly to be absorbed; therefore, a liquid stool results, with little water or
nutrient absorption taking place.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Digestion
3. Describe
the purpose of fiber in the diet. List the best food sources. What effects does
metabolism of fiber have on the medical conditions diverticulosis and spastic
colon?
ANS:
Fiber promotes health of the large intestine by helping soften
stools and promoting regular bowel movements. The best sources include corn,
wheat, celery, and apple skins. Diverticulosis is present when fiber collects
in pouches or sacs that open from the intestine. These become inflamed and
cause obstruction, perforation, or bleeding. Irritable bowel syndrome occurs
when fiber is an irritant that results in certain signs and symptoms, including
constipation, gas, and bloating. These are caused by uncoordinated and
inefficient contractions of the large intestine.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Absorption
4. Describe
the progression of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) throughout the life cycle.
What factors, in addition to age, result in a change in the BMR?
ANS:
Children require more kilocalories per pound of body weight
because they are growing. As people age, the basal metabolic rate decreases.
Women require more kilocalories during pregnancy and lactation. BMR increases
during fever and for people living and working in extremely hot or cold
climates. A person’s BMR resembles that of his or her parents.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Basal Metabolic Rate
5. Calculate
your basal metabolic rate. Calculate your usual caloric intake. Discuss the
implications of your intake versus your metabolic rate.
ANS:
The students should easily determine their total energy
requirements. If the caloric intake exceeds their BMR, they will gain weight.
If it is less, weight loss will occur.
PTS:
1
DIF:
C
TOP: Basal Metabolic Rate
6. What
is digestion?
ANS:
Digestion is the process whereby food is broken down into
smaller parts, chemically changed, and moved through the gastrointestinal
system.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Digestion
7. What
is the purpose of mechanical digestion?
ANS:
Mechanical digestion helps prepare food for chemical digestion
by breaking it into smaller pieces.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Digestion
MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE
1. The
cardiac sphincter prevents acid from flowing back into the
esophagus. _________________________
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
DIF: B
TOP: Digestion
2. Digestion
is the process whereby food is broken down into smaller parts and is chemically
changed. Digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine only. _________________________
ANS: F, entire gastrointestinal system
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Digestion
3. To be
absorbed, nutrients must be in their most complex form.
_________________________
ANS: F, simplest
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Absorption
4. The hydrochloric
acid that is secreted by the stomach lining makes iron and calcium
more soluble. _________________________
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
DIF: B
TOP: Metabolism
5. The
inner wall of the small intestine is smooth. _________________________
ANS: F, contains folds called villi
PTS:
1
DIF:
A
TOP: Absorption
6. A
mouthful of food ready to be swallowed is called chyme.
_________________________
ANS: F, bolus
PTS: 1
DIF:
C
TOP: Digestion
7. Acid
reflux disease is caused by malfunction of the pyloric sphincter.
_____________________
ANS: F, cardiac sphincter
PTS:
1
DIF: B
TOP: Digestion
8. One
kilocalorie is equal to 4.184 kilojoules.
_______________________
ANS:
T
PTS:
1
DIF: A
TOP: Energy
CASE
Joe Brian, 6’3” tall and 265 pounds, came to the physician with
complaints of indigestion, heartburn, a bloated feeling, and occasional
vomiting. He states that he sometimes wakes up with the taste of vomit in his
mouth. He also complains of chest pain and states, “Sometimes I feel like I am
having a heart attack.” After performing an endoscopy, the physician diagnoses
a hiatal hernia with esophageal reflux and esophagitis. The physician
prescribes a histamine receptor antagonist and antacids before meals and at
bedtime.
1. Describe
the pathology that occurs when a hiatal hernia exists. Correlate each symptom
with the medical diagnosis and describe the cause.
ANS:
At the lower end of the esophagus is the cardiac sphincter,
which prevents stomach acid from flowing back into the esophagus. When a hiatal
hernia is present, the stomach protrudes through the opening and allows acidic
content to flow back into the esophagus. After meals, the client should be
positioned upright to prevent regurgitation that occurs with the reflux of the acidic
content. The condition also causes pain and a bloating sensation. Treatment
aims at preventing acid from being in contact with the esophageal tissue, which
could predispose to cancer.
PTS:
1
DIF:
C
TOP: Care Planning
2. What
additional symptoms that may occur should the client be made aware of? What are
the complications of a hiatal hernia?
ANS:
Chronic irritation from the acids may result in cancer. If the
hernia is unmanageable with medical treatment, surgery may be performed.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Care Planning
3. Describe
the relationship between the symptom “heartburn” and the heart.
ANS:
The stomach acidity causes pain that is located in close proximity
to the heart, thus “heartburn.” There is no direct relation to the heart.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Care Planning
4. What
is the goal of the initial medical treatment?
ANS:
Alleviating the symptoms.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Care Planning
5. What
is the focus of nursing care?
ANS:
To facilitate client education related to the lack of knowledge
regarding the disease process. To teach behaviors, including dietary approaches,
to relieve pain/discomfort from regurgitation of acidic gastric contents.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Care Planning
6. What
nursing measures will the nurse perform?
ANS:
Include diet instructions, meal plans, and foods to avoid.
Describe positioning after meals and physical activity. Evaluate the client’s
height and weight and describe the impact on his medical condition. Explain the
relationship between the diagnoses and caffeine.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Care Planning
7. What
assessment data will be monitored to evaluate if the goals have been met?
ANS:
Evaluate the symptoms, indigestion, pain, heartburn, and
bloating. Evaluate weight to determine if this remains a factor in the
symptoms. Monitor caffeine intake. Have client keep a food and exercise diary
that can be used to document progress.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Care Planning
Mary Moore, who is three months pregnant with her fourth child,
comes to the clinic for her monthly prenatal visit. You are doing client
education regarding her nutritional status. She is 5’4” tall and currently
weighs165 pounds. She is planning on breast-feeding her baby.
8. Determine
her current recommended body weight based on her height and sex.
ANS:
111–146 pounds
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Care Planning
9. Determine
the number of additional calories she will need to ingest for proper nutrition
for the fetus.
ANS:
An increase of 300 calories is recommended.
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Care Planning
10. How
many additional calories will be needed for lactation? What other substances
need to be ingested in adequate amounts?
ANS:
Five hundred (500) extra calories a day and increased amounts of
fluids
PTS:
1
DIF:
B
TOP: Care Planning
11. Is it
appropriate for a pregnant woman to go on a weight loss program? Describe the
rationale for your answer.
ANS:
A pregnant woman must increase caloric intake by 300 calories
daily. Moderate exercise in the form of walking or swimming is recommended. A
weight loss program is not recommended. The only weight adjustments that should
occur are when the person changes prepregnancy bad food habits and begins to
eat a well-balanced diet with appropriate calories and nutrients.
PTS:
1
DIF:
C
TOP: Care Planning
12. Ms.
Moore tells you that she always ate the same whether she was pregnant or not.
She also says that she never took vitamins or iron with her other pregnancies
and that she doesn’t see the need now. How will you teach her the importance of
these dietary measures?
ANS:
Keep in mind the general health, culture, religion, likes, and
dislikes of the woman. Explain the needed changes in terms of the effect on the
fetus. Emphasize and explain the need for increased nutrients such as iron and
folic acid. Offer supporting literature from credible sources as needed. There
is information available regarding the need for supplementation that may have
not been available with her past pregnancies.
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