Nursing Research Generating and Assessing Evidence For Nursing practice 9th Edition By Pilot – Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Test

Chapter 5- Literature Reviews Finding and Critiquing Evidence

1.	Which electronic database is widely recognized as the premier source for bibliographic coverage of the biomedical literature?
	A)	CINAHL
	B)	Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition
	C)	ProQuest
	D)	MEDLINE

 

 

2.	The RN is doing a basic search of articles on nurses’ stress in the ICU. In conducting a subject search in an electronic database, what should the nurse type to initiate the search?
	A)	An author’s name
	B)	Restrictions to the search
	C)	A topic or keyword
	D)	A mapping procedure

 

 

3.	In an electronic literature search, what is the researcher doing when she does not know the precise keywords for retrieving information on a topic?
	A)	Mapping
	B)	Searching
	C)	Restricting focus
	D)	Copying

 

 

4.	What is a primary source for a research literature review?
	A)	A description of a study written by researchers who did the study
	B)	A summary of relevant research on the topic of interest
	C)	A thesaurus that directs readers to subject headings germane to the topic
	D)	Any journal article on a topic of interest

 

 

5.	There are several strategies for finding studies on a topic. What is the ancestry approach?
	A)	Search for articles that summarize prior research.
	B)	Read the accompanying abstract to determine whether the article is pertinent to the topic.
	C)	Tracking down earlier studies cited in a reference list of a report.
	D)	Using a pivotal study to search forward to subsequent studies that cited it.

 

 

6.	There are several strategies for finding studies on a topic. What is the descendancy approach?
	A)	Search for articles that summarize prior research.
	B)	Read the accompanying abstract to determine whether the article is pertinent to the topic.
	C)	Track down earlier studies cited in a reference list of a report.
	D)	Use a pivotal study to search forward to subsequent studies that cited it.

 

 

7.	What is a secondary source for a research literature review?
	A)	A description of a study written by researchers who did the study
	B)	A summary of relevant research on the topic of interest
	C)	A thesaurus that directs readers to subject headings germane to the topic
	D)	A description of the study by an individual unconnected with it

 

 

8.	The nurse is conducting a literature review. Which will not assist the nurse when conducting a literature review?
	A)	One major purpose of a literature review is to learn what research has already been done in the area.
	B)	A text word search allows searchers to look for specific words in all test fields of records in the electronic database.
	C)	The literature review section should conclude with a critical evaluation of knowledge on the problem of interest.
	D)	Information from anecdotal and opinion articles is usually included in research literature.

 

 

9.	There are several major steps in preparing a written research review. What is the first step?
	A)	Formulating a question
	B)	Devising a search strategy
	C)	Conducting a search
	D)	Retrieving relevant sources

 

 

10.	When doing a literature review, what type of information will a researcher undertaking a new study find as an undesirable attribute?
	A)	Available research findings
	B)	Descriptions of an expert’s opinions about the phenomenon
	C)	How the variables of interest have been operationally defined in prior studies
	D)	What research approaches have been used to study similar problems

 

 

11.	Qualitative researchers have varying opinions about reviewing the literature before doing a new study. What group of researchers is represented when collection of data occurs before reviewing the literature?
	A)	Grounded theory researchers
	B)	Phenomenologists
	C)	Ethnographogists
	D)	Grounded theory researchers and phenomenologist

 

 

12.	Qualitative researchers have varying opinions about reviewing the literature before doing a new study. What group of researchers often undertakes a search for relevant materials at the onset of a study?
	A)	Grounded theory researchers
	B)	Phenomenologists
	C)	Ethnographogists
	D)	Grounded theory researchers and phenomenologist

 

 

13.	Qualitative researchers have varying opinions about reviewing the literature before doing a new study. What group of researchers does a more thorough literature review during data analysis and interpretation so that findings can be compared with previous findings?
	A)	Grounded theory researchers
	B)	Phenomenologists
	C)	Ethnographogists
	D)	Grounded theory researchers and phenomenologist

 

 

14.	Matrices are a convenient means of abstracting and organizing information for a literature review. How many dimension arrays are present?
	A)	Two
	B)	Three
	C)	Four
	D)	Five

 

 

15.	Matrices are a convenient means of abstracting and organizing information for a literature review. When would a reviewer use an evaluation matrix?
	A)	Record methodological features of a set of studies.
	B)	Record research findings.
	C)	Record quality assessment information.
	D)	Facilitate thematic analysis of the retrieved information.

 

 

16.	Matrices are a convenient means of abstracting and organizing information for a literature review. When would a reviewer use a results matrix?
	A)	Record methodological features of a set of studies.
	B)	Record research findings.
	C)	Record quality assessment information.
	D)	Facilitate thematic analysis of the retrieved information.

 

 

17.	Written literature reviews are undertaken for many different purposes. In a quantitative research report, what section of the report would a review of prior research on the problem under study be located?
	A)	Introduction
	B)	Methods
	C)	Results
	D)	Discussion

 

 

18.	Written literature reviews are undertaken for many different purposes. In a research report, what section of the report would limitations of the study be located?
	A)	Introduction
	B)	Methods
	C)	Results
	D)	Discussion

 

 

19.	Written literature reviews are undertaken for many different purposes. In a qualitative research report, what section of the report would the thematic analysis of the data be presented?
	A)	Introduction
	B)	Methods
	C)	Results
	D)	Discussion

 

 

20.	Some features of an electronic search are similar across databases. Which is an example of a wildcard symbol?
	A)	And
	B)	Not
	C)	Or
	D)	Question mark

 

 

 

Answer Key

 

1.	D
2.	C
3.	A
4.	A
5.	C
6.	D
7.	D
8.	D
9.	A
10.	B
11.	A
12.	B
13.	C
14.	A
15.	C
16.	B
17.	A
18.	D
19.	C
20.	D

 

Chapter 6- Theoretical Frameworks

 

1.	What is a broad abstract characterization of phenomena?
	A)	Theory
	B)	Descriptive theory
	C)	Grand theory
	D)	Middle-range theories

 

 

2.	The power of theories lies in the ability to do what?
	A)	Capture the complexity of human nature by the richness of the operational definitions associated with the variables.
	B)	Minimize the number of words required to explain phenomena and, thereby, eliminate semantic problems.
	C)	Prove conclusively that relationships exist among the phenomena studied.
	D)	Specify the nature of the relationships that exist among phenomena and offer explanations.

 

 

3.	What thoroughly describes a phenomenon?
	A)	Theory
	B)	Descriptive theory
	C)	Grand theory
	D)	Middle-range theories

 

 

4.	What attempt to describe large segments of the human experience?
	A)	Theory
	B)	Descriptive theory
	C)	Grand theory
	D)	Middle-range theories

 

 

5.	What are the building blocks of theory?
	A)	Propositions
	B)	Relationships
	C)	Hypotheses
	D)	Concepts

 

 

6.	What is the major similarity between theories and conceptual models?
	A)	Use concepts as their building blocks.
	B)	Use the deductive reasoning process almost exclusively.
	C)	Contain a set of logically interrelated propositions.
	D)	Provide a mechanism for developing new propositions from the original propositions.

 

 

7.	What are conceptual maps?
	A)	Stimulate new research with the use of a schematic model.
	B)	Explain phenomena and relationships among them with a map.
	C)	Map the integration of knowledge into coherent systems to explain the key relationships that exist.
	D)	Graphic, theory-driven representations of phenomena and their relationships using symbols or diagrams and a minimal use of words.

 

 

8.	Which model explains and predicts the health promotion component of lifestyle?
	A)	Adaptation Model
	B)	Conservation Model
	C)	Health Promotion Model
	D)	Self-Care Model

 

 

9.	Several conceptual models and grand theories of nursing have been developed. Which concept is not central to models for nursing?
	A)	Human beings
	B)	Environment
	C)	Health
	D)	Social support

 

 

10.	Which model finds humans as adaptive systems that cope with change through adaptation?
	A)	Adaptation Model
	B)	Conservation Model
	C)	Health Promotion Model
	D)	Self-Care Model

 

 

11.	Whose major conceptual model of nursing is used by researchers?
	A)	Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
	B)	Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
	C)	Watson’s Theory of Caring
	D)	Rizzo’s Theory of Human Becoming

 

 

12.	Which is an example of a borrowed theory?
	A)	Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
	B)	Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory
	C)	Watson’s Theory of Caring
	D)	Rizzo’s Theory of Human Becoming

 

 

13.	What did the nurse theorist Roy develop?
	A)	Adaptation Model
	B)	Theory of Caring
	C)	Science of Unitary Human Beings
	D)	Health Care Systems Model

 

 

14.	What did the nurse theorist Neuman develop?
	A)	Adaptation Model
	B)	Theory of Caring
	C)	Science of Unitary Human Beings
	D)	Health Care Systems Model

 

 

15.	Which type of theory is often a precursor to predictive theories?
	A)	Explanatory theory
	B)	Grand theory
	C)	Middle-range theory
	D)	Situation-specific theory

 

 

16.	What is an example of a nursing theory that has been described as a grand theory?
	A)	Adaptation Model
	B)	Theory of Caring
	C)	Science of Unitary Human Beings
	D)	Theory of Human Becoming

 

 

17.	Theories differ in their level of generality and abstraction. What type of theory purports to describe and explain large segments of the human experience?
	A)	Explanatory theory
	B)	Grand theory
	C)	Middle-range theory
	D)	Situation-specific theory

 

 

18.	Theories differ in their level of generality and abstraction. What type of theory attempts to explain such phenomena as decision making, stress, comfort, health promotion, and unpleasant symptoms?
	A)	Explanatory theory
	B)	Grand theory
	C)	Middle-range theory
	D)	Situation-specific theory

 

 

19.	All research studies have a framework. What type of framework is used in a research study based on a theory?
	A)	Schematic framework
	B)	Practice framework
	C)	Theoretical framework
	D)	Conceptual framework

 

 

20.	The key to Rogers’ conceptual framework are her principles of homeodynamics, which represent a way of viewing unitary human beings and provide guidance to nursing practice. The principles include integrality, helicy, and resonancy. What is resonancy?
	A)	Nonlinear domain without temporal or spatial attributes
	B)	Concerns the continuous and mutual processes between human and environmental fields
	C)	Continuous and innovative diversity of human and environmental field patterns
	D)	Continuous change from lower- to higher-frequency wave patterns in human and environmental energy fields.

 

 

 

Answer Key

 

1.	A
2.	D
3.	B
4.	C
5.	D
6.	A
7.	D
8.	C
9.	D
10.	A
11.	A
12.	B
13.	A
14.	D
15.	A
16.	D
17.	B
18.	C
19.	C
20.	D

 

Chapter 7- Ethics in Nursing Research

1.	What serves as the basis for regulations affecting research by the U.S. government?
	A)	The Nuremberg Code
	B)	The Declaration of Helsinki
	C)	The Belmont Report
	D)	The Code of Ethics of the American Psychological Association

 

 

2.	In response to human rights violations, various codes of ethics have been developed. What was developed after Nazi atrocities were made public as an international effort to establish ethical standards?
	A)	The Nuremberg Code
	B)	The Declaration of Helsinki
	C)	The Belmont Report
	D)	The Code of Ethics of the American Psychological Association

 

 

3.	What document covers primarily ethical issues for practicing nurses and includes principles that apply to nurse researchers?
	A)	Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretative Statements
	B)	Ethical Research Guidelines for Registered Nurses
	C)	Ethical Guidelines in the Conduct, Dissemination, and Implementation of Nursing Research
	D)	ICN Code of Ethics for Nurses

 

 

4.	The Belmont Report articulated broad principles on which standards of ethical conduct in research are based. Which is not considered an ethical principle for protecting study participants in the report?
	A)	Beneficence
	B)	Respect for human dignity
	C)	Informed consent
	D)	Justice

 

 

5.	What is beneficence?
	A)	Performance of some good
	B)	Protection from physical and psychological harm and exploitation
	C)	Participants right to self-determination
	D)	Freedom to control their own actions

 

 

6.	What is justice?
	A)	Right to fair treatment
	B)	Protection from physical and psychological harm and exploitation
	C)	Participants right to self-determination
	D)	Freedom to control their own actions

 

 

7.	Which ethical principle may be violated if a researcher unobtrusively studies interactions among patients in a psychiatric hospital?
	A)	Confidentiality
	B)	Freedom from harm
	C)	Right to self-determination
	D)	Right to privacy

 

 

8.	What is the safeguard mechanisms by which even the researcher cannot link the participant with the information provided?
	A)	Confidentiality
	B)	Anonymity
	C)	Informed consent
	D)	Right to privacy

 

 

9.	What provides prospective participants with information needed to make a reasoned decision about participation?
	A)	Confidentiality
	B)	Anonymity
	C)	Informed consent
	D)	Right to privacy

 

 

10.	How can confidentiality of study participants be increased?
	A)	Avoiding the collection of any identifying information
	B)	Avoiding introducing the participants to any of the research personnel
	C)	Placing all identifying information on computer files rather than in manual files
	D)	Placing all identifying information on manual files rather than in computer files

 

 

11.	What is an example of a vulnerable group?
	A)	Women hospitalized for a mastectomy
	B)	Members of a senior citizen group
	C)	People who do not speak English
	D)	Pediatric clients

 

 

12.	What is a major potential risk of research to participants?
	A)	Monetary gains
	B)	Access to a new and potentially beneficial treatment
	C)	Opportunity to discuss personal feelings and experiences with an objective listener.
	D)	Physical boredom

 

 

13.	Researchers can often show their respect for participants—and proactively minimize emotional risks—by carefully attending to the nature of the interactions they have with them. What are debriefing sessions?
	A)	Discussions with prospective participants to obtain informed consent
	B)	Discussions with participants after a study to explain various aspects of the study
	C)	Discussions with a human subjects committee before a study to obtain permission
	D)	Discussions before a study that findings will be shared after data have been analyzed

 

 

14.	In a qualitative study that involves multiple contacts between the researcher and study participants, what can the researcher negotiate?
	A)	Implied consent
	B)	Stipend
	C)	Process consent
	D)	Risk/benefit ratio

 

 

15.	When is informed consent not obtained?
	A)	Researcher pays a stipend to study participants.
	B)	Researcher collects information covertly.
	C)	Risk/benefit ratio is low.
	D)	Study is determined exempt by Institutional Review Board.

 

 

16.	Most institutions where research is conducted have formal committees for reviewing proposed research plans. In the United States, what will the committee likely be called?
	A)	Research Ethics Board
	B)	Institutional Review Board
	C)	Ethical Advisory Board
	D)	Human Subject Committee

 

 

17.	What is an expedited review?
	A)	The committee must consist of five members to carry out the review.
	B)	Research involving no more than minimal risk can use this procedure.
	C)	The researcher must have an affiliation with an institution.
	D)	The research is exempt from the review board process.

 

 

18.	What is an important consideration when nurses choose to use animals as research subjects?
	A)	Must obtain informed consent from the animal’s owner.
	B)	Recognize that it is more convenient to use an animal.
	C)	Recognize that it is less costly to use animals than humans.
	D)	Recognize that animals need humane care and treatment.

 

 

19.	When can the researcher omit informed consent, when existing data from records and/or specimens are used?
	A)	The study does not involve an intervention.
	B)	The researcher is gathering data anonymously.
	C)	Health professional students are used as subjects.
	D)	The study is gathering data from records over 10 years old.

 

 

20.	Under HIPAA regulations, a covered entity such as a hospital can disclose individually identifiable health information from its records if the patient signs an authorization granting access. What does this include?
	A)	Who will receive the information
	B)	Why they need the information
	C)	The Social Security number of the patient
	D)	If the data is not specifically obtained for the research

 

 

 

Answer Key

 

1.	C
2.	A
3.	A
4.	C
5.	A
6.	A
7.	C
8.	B
9.	C
10.	A
11.	D
12.	D
13.	B
14.	C
15.	B
16.	B
17.	B
18.	D
19.	B
20.	A