Nesters Microbiology A Human Perspective 8th Edition By Anderson Lecturer

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Chapter 04

Dynamics of Prokaryotic Growth

Multiple Choice Questions

1. All the bacterial cells that result from the replication of a single original bacterial organism are said to be a
A. population.
B. pure culture.
C. lag culture.
D. mutant culture.

ASM Objective: 08.02 Use aseptic and pure culture techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.04
Section: 04.03
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

2. The scientist that contributed most to the development of pure culture techniques was
A.Alexander Fleming.
B. Louis Pasteur.
C. Edward Jenner.
D. Robert Koch.

ASM Objective: 08.02 Use aseptic and pure culture techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.04
Section: 04.01
Topic: History of Microbiology

3. The solidifying agent used most successfully in bacterial nutrient media is
A.gelatin.
B. peptone.
C. agar.
D. starch.

4. Prokaryotic cells divide by a process known as
A.conjugation.
B. mitosis.
C. binary fusion.
D. binary fission.

ASM Objective: 02.04 The structure and function of microorganisms have been revealed by the use of microscopy (including bright field, phase contrast, fluorescent, and electron).
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.01
Section: 04.01
Topic: Prokaryotes

5. In nature, bacteria
A.often grow in close association with many other kinds of organisms.
B. may remain in a prolonged exponential phase.
C. frequently synthesize structures such as slime layers.
D. may adhere to surfaces by means of pili and slime layers.
E. All of the choices are correct.

ASM Objective: 05.02 Most bacteria in nature live in bio-film communities.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.02
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microbial World

6. Biofilms
A.are a haphazard mixture of bacteria.
B. are a polysaccharide-encased community of microorganisms.
C. may enhance bioremediation efforts.
D. may protect organisms against harmful chemicals.
E.

are a polysaccharide-encased community of microorganisms, may enhance bioremediation efforts, AND may protect organisms against harmful chemicals.

ASM Objective: 05.02 Most bacteria in nature live in bio-film communities.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.02
Section: 04.02
Topic: Microbial World

7. The simplest technique for isolating bacteria in growth media is referred to as the
A.

pour-plate method.

streak-plate method.

1. serial dilution method.
D.MPN method.

8. Bacteria may be stored
A.on a slant in the refrigerator.
B. frozen in glycerol solution.
C.

freeze-dried.

1. in broth at 37°C.
E.

on a slant in the refrigerator, frozen in glycerol solution, AND freeze-dried.

9. In the growth curve of a bacteria population, the bacteria are rapidly increasing in number in the
A.lag phase.
B. exponential (log) phase.
C. stationary phase.
D. decline phase.
E. boomer phase.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.05
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

10. During which phase of growth are bacteria most susceptible to antibiotics?
A.

Lag

Stationary

Exponential (log)

Decline

11.

When doing experiments with bacteria,

1. it is usually not necessary to standardize which stage of growth is used.
B. it is best to use colonies as all the bacteria in a colony are at the same stage of growth.
C. it is best to use bacteria from the same stage of growth.
D. the age of the bacteria is not important.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.05
Section: 04.03
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identifying Microorganisms

12. During which phase of the bacterial growth curve does the total number of viable cells decline?
A.

Stationary

Lag

Exponential

Death

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

13. The lag phase of the bacterial growth curve is marked by
A.a decrease in cell mass.
B. dormant, metabolically inactive cells.
C. metabolically active cells.
D. vigorously dividing cells.

14. Late log phase of the bacterial growth curve
A.is marked by the production of primary metabolites.
B. is marked by the production of secondary metabolites.
C. is a transition into the death phase.
D. shows a decline in cell numbers.

ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.05
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

15. During which phase of the bacterial growth curve does a bacterial population become much more resistant to harmful conditions?
A.

Lag phase

Exponential phase

Stationary phase

Late log phase

ASM Objective: 03.02 The metabolic abilities of a cell determine how it interacts with other cells and its environment (e.g. quorum sensing, oxygen consumption, nitrogen transformations).
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.05
Section: 04.03
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

16. A urine sample with more than 100,000 organisms is considered indicative of infection. A urine sample containing 5,000 bacteria,with a generation time of 30 minutes, sits for 3 hours before finally being assayed. How many bacteria will then be present within the sample?
A.10,000
B. 64,000
C. 100,000
D. 320,000

ASM Objective: 07.02 Ability to use quantitative reasoning: Use mathematical and graphing skills and reasoning to solve problems in microbiology.
ASM Topic: Module 07 Scientific Thinking
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.01
Section: 04.01
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

17. A pure culture in exponential growth phase has a bacterial concentration of 6.4 x 10⁸ cells/ml. If the bacterium has a generation time of 1 h, how long ago was the cell concentration 8.0 x 10⁷ cells/ml?
A.1 h
B. 2 h
C. 3 h
D. 4 h

18. In a rapidly multiplying bacterial population, cell numbers increase
A. arithmetically.
B. logarithmically.
C. linearly.
D. indirectly.

19. Generally the proteins of thermophiles
A.resist denaturation.
B. react more efficiently with DNA.
C. are easily denatured.
D. have a particular amino acid sequence that restricts bond formation.
E. are easily denatured AND have a particular amino acid sequence that restricts bond formation.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.06
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

20.

A hot tub (approx. 104°F or 40°C) would most likely contain

1. psychrophiles.
B. partiers.
C. thermophiles.
D. mesophiles.

21. The optimal temperature for most human pathogens might be expected to range from
A.35-40°C.
B. 20-45°C.
C. 15-25°C.
D. 93-98.6°C.

22. Bacteria on fish caught in the Arctic Ocean would
A.be psychrophiles.
B. be mesophiles.
C. continue to grow while the fish is in the refrigerator.
D. not grow very well in the refrigerator.
E. be psychrophiles AND continue to grow while the fish is in the refrigerator.

23.

Mycobacterium leprae is typically found infecting the ears, toes, and fingers of its host due to its

1. requirement for well-oxygenated blood.
B. easy access to those parts.
C. need for cooler temperatures.
D. long incubation period.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.06
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

24. Organisms that require gaseous oxygen for metabolism are referred to as
A.facultative aerobes.
B. obligate aerobes.
C. facultative anaerobes.
D. microaerophiles.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

25. Which of the following is/are obligate aerobes?
A.Clostridium botulinum
B. Escherichia coli
C. Micrococcus luteus
D. Helicobacter pylori

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microbial World

26. Organisms that are indifferent to the presence of oxygen and do not use it are
A.aerotolerant anaerobes.
B. facultative anaerobes.
C. obligate aerobes.
D. microaerophiles.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

27. The enzymes that deal with toxic oxygen-containing molecules is/are
A.glycolase.
B. superoxide dismutase.
C. catalase.
D.

cytochrome oxidase.

1. superoxide dismutase AND catalase.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.07
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

28. Shake tubes are used to determine the
A.pH requirements for bacterial growth.
B. temperature requirements for bacterial growth.
C. oxygen requirements for bacterial growth.
D. salt requirements for bacterial growth.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.06
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

29. The optimum pH for growth of most species of bacteria is
A.pH 5.
B. pH 7.
C. pH 9.
D. pH 6.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.06
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

30. High concentrations of salt and sugar in foods
A.are useful in preserving the food.
B. tend to draw water out of a cell.
C. tend to force water into a cell, causing plasmolysis.
D. have no effect on water availability.
E. are useful in preserving the food AND tend to draw water out of a cell.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.06
Section: 04.04
Topic: Control of Microbial Growth

31. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur may be considered
A.minor elements.
B. major elements.
C. neutral elements.
D. acidic elements.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.08
Section: 04.05
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

32. Trace elements
A.

include zinc, copper, and manganese.

1. are required in large amounts.
C.may be needed for enzyme function.
D. are involved in maintaining pH in the cell.
E.

include zinc, copper, and manganese AND may be needed for enzyme function.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.08
Section: 04.05
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

33. Small organic molecules that must be provided to bacteria in order for them to grow are called
A.minerals.
B. growth factors.
C. water.
D. vitamins.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.09
Section: 04.05
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

34. The prefix photo- indicates that an organism will make use of _______ for energy purposes.
A. chemicals
B. organics
C. light
D. inorganics

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.11
Section: 04.05
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

35. Organisms that use organic molecules as their source of carbon are called
A.chemotrophs.
B. organoheterotrophs.
C. heterotrophs.
D. autotrophs.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.11
Section: 04.05
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

36. Organisms may derive energy from
A. sunlight.
B. metabolizing chemical compounds.
C. little tiny AAAAAAAAA batteries.
D. temperature gradients.
E. sunlight AND metabolizing chemical compounds.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.11
Section: 04.05
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

37. Organisms that use CO₂ as their source of carbon are called
A.organotrophs.
B. heterotrophs.
C. autotrophs.
D. chemotrophs.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.11
Section: 04.05
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

38. Chemoheterotrophs
A.use sunlight as an energy source.
B.

use preformed organic molecules as a carbon source.

use preformed organic molecules as an energy source.

1. use inorganic chemicals as an energy source.
E.

use preformed organic molecules as a carbon source AND as an energy source.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.11
Section: 04.05
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

39. An organism called Bacillus fastidiosus
A. might be expected to be very flexible as to growth requirements.
B. might be expected to be very strict as to its growth requirements.
C.

would probably be grown on amedium rich in growth factors.

might be expected to have a rod shape.

might be expected to be very strict as to its growth requirements, would probably be grown on amedium rich in growth factors , AND might be expected to have a rod shape.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.10
Section: 04.05
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

40. Peptone
A.refers to a hydrolysate of carbohydrates used in growth media.
B. refers to a hydrolysate of proteins used in growth media.
C. consists of a water extract of beef.
D. consists of a mix of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides.
E. refers to a hydrolysate of proteins used in growth media AND consists of a water extract of beef.

ASM Objective: 08.02 Use aseptic and pure culture techniques to enrich for and isolate microorganisms.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 04.12
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

41. Medically important bacteria are often
A.grown on agar containing blood.
B. grown at 37°C.
C. grown on agar containing chocolate.
D. grown at a pH of 5.
E. grown on agar containing blood AND grown at 37°C.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.12
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

42.

Products that limit pH changes are often incorporated into media and are referred to as

1. enzymes.
B. bases.
C. buffers.
D. acids.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Learning Outcome: 04.12
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

43. A medium that inhibits the growth of organisms other than the one being sought is termed a(n)
A.synthetic medium.
B. specific culture medium.
C. selective medium.
D. enrichment medium.

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.12
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

44. MacConkey agar is
A.a selective agar.
B. a differential agar.
C. a selective and differential agar.
D. used to distinguish between bacteria by the type of hemolysis observed.

45. Candle jars are usually used to
A.store candles.
B. provide an atmosphere with CO₂.
C. stimulate the growth of obligate anaerobes.
D. prevent the growth of obligate aerobes.
E. provide an atmosphere with CO₂ AND stimulate the growth of obligate anaerobes.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.13
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

46. In the cultivation of microaerophilic and anaerobic bacteria,
A.a(n) candle/anaerobe jar is sufficient.
B. atmospheric oxygen in a(n) candle/anaerobe jar is converted to water.
C.

a packet containing chemicals that generate carbon dioxide and hydrogen is used in a(n) candle/anaerobic jar.

1. oxidizing agents are incorporated into the media that react with oxygen.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.13
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

47. Agar
A.is a useful nutrient source for most bacteria.
B. is a hydrolysate of proteins.
C. stays liquid through the typical range of incubation temperatures.
D. has chemical and physical properties that make it almost ideal for solidifying media.

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.04
Section: 04.03
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

48. Agar replaced gelatin as the gelling (solidifying) agent for media because
A.agar is much cheaper.
B. much fewer bacteria can break down agar than gelatin.
C. agar is solid at body temperature.
D. gelatin became unavailable during World War II.
E. much fewer bacteria can break down agar than gelatin AND agar is solid at body temperature.

True / False Questions

49. It is assumed that every colony observed on a streak plate arose from a single bacterium.
TRUE

50. In microbiology, growth usually refers to an increase in size of the bacteria.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.01
Section: 04.01
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

51.

There are five stages of growth in an open system of culture.

FALSE

52. Secondary metabolites may be antibiotics.
TRUE

53. A single bacterial cell may multiply to form a visible colony.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.01
Section: 04.01
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

54. Prokaryotes are the only organisms able to use atmospheric nitrogen as a nitrogen source.
TRUE

ASM Objective: 03.01 Bacteria and Archaea exhibit extensive, and often unique, metabolic diversity (e.g. nitrogen fixation, methane production, anoxygenic photosynthesis).
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.08
Section: 04.05
Section: 04.06
Topic: Environmental Microbiology

55. Freezing is an effective means of destroying bacteria.
FALSE

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 04.06
Section: 04.04
Topic: Control of Microbial Growth

56. One would expect most strict anaerobic organisms to have superoxide dismutase.
FALSE

57. Differential media only allows certain bacteria to grow.
FALSE

Multiple Choice Questions

58. A microbe is discovered growing near a deep sea thermal vent. When researchers bring a sample up to the surface and try to grow it in a lab at room temperature in a normal incubator, they are unsuccessful. Why?
A.

The pressure isn’t the same at sea level as it is on the ocean floor.

1. Oxygen concentrations are very different between the two environments-it’s possible the microbe is a strict anaerobe and is poisoned by the air (oxygen) in the lab.
C.Salt concentrations might be different in the media the researchers are attempting to use and the salt water the microbe is used to living in. This might be causing osmotic pressure differences that the microbe can’t tolerate.
D.

The temperature is probably different-the thermal vent would be very hot, while these researchers are trying to grow this microbe at room temperature. The enzymes in the cells are probably outside of their normal operating range at room temperature, and therefore nonfunctional.

1. All of the above.

ASM Objective: 03.03 The survival and growth of any microorganism in a given environment depends on its metabolic characteristics.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 04.06
Section: 04.04
Topic: Microbial Growth and Nutrition

59. You are a microbiologist working for a pharmaceutical company and discover a new secreted metabolite that can serve as a medication. Your company asks you to oversee the production of the metabolite. Which of the following is something that is NOT important to consider if you need to grow 5,000 liter cultures of bacteria for the purpose of harvesting the metabolite they secrete?
A. The death rate of the bacteria after stationary phase is complete.
B. The ideal rate of input of new nutrients into the culture to maintain the cells in log phase.
C. The ideal rate of pulling off some of the culture in order to maintain the cells in log phase.
D. The best way to mix the large vat in order to keep it homogenous (constant throughout) in terms of nutrients, temperature, and oxygen levels.
E. The best way to keep the pH of the entire mixture at the ideal level to promote log phase growth.

ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, and biological methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 04.05
Section: 04.03
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

60.

You are working in a clinical laboratory in a hospital setting. You’re handed a throat swab from a patient. You are told specifically that the physician is only interested in the presence and type of Gram positive cells. Identification isn’t the main goal here-just a first step to work towards determining what Gram positive cells might be there.What might you do first to go about working towards this goal?

1. Perform a Gram stain.
B. Streak the sample for isolation on a tryptic soy agar general purpose medium plate.
C. Streak the sample for isolation on a medium that is selective for Gram positive cells while suppressing Gram negative cell growth.
D. Grow the microbes on the swab by inoculating a tryptic soy broth liquid medium tube.
E. Perform an acid-fast stain.

ASM Objective: 08.01 Properly prepare and view specimens for examination using microscopy (bright field and, if possible, phase contrast).
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.12
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

61. A physician sends a stool sample to your lab, and wants to know if there are lactose fermenting microbes in the sample. How might you determine if these microbes are present or not from this mixed-microbe specimen?
A. Streak the sample for isolation on Thayer-Martin agar (which contains lactose and particular antibiotics for selectivity).
B. Streak the sample for isolation on a blood agar plate (which contains lactose AND red blood cells that enrich the culture for iron).
C. Streak the sample for isolation on a MacConkey agar plate (which contains lactose and a pH indicator that turns pink when acid byproducts are present).
D. None of the above would work-there’s no way to reliably determine this feature from the specimen given.

ASM Objective: 08.03 Use appropriate methods to identify microorganisms (media-based, molecular and serological).
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 04.12
Section: 04.06
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

62. You are in charge of water quality for your city’s water treatment plant. Of the methods at your disposal, which will be the most efficient and cheapest method of determining the number of viable bacteria in the water coming out of your plant?
A. Direct counts using a microscope and a counting chamber.
B. Using a Coulter counter machine.
C. Performing serial dilutions of your samples and doing spread plate counts.
D. Using membrane filtration followed by placing the membrane in a growth medium for colony counts after incubation.
E. Biochemical analysis of secondary metabolites in the water that are given off by bacteria.

ASM Objective: 08.04 Estimate the number of microorganisms in a sample (using, for example, direct count, viable plate count and spectrophotometric methods).
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Bloom’s Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 04.15
Section: 04.07
Topic: Tools and Methods of Culturing, Classifying, and Identify Microorganisms

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