Motor Learning And Control Concepts And Applications 11th Edition by Richard A Magill – Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Questions

Chapter 04

Neuromotor Basis for Motor Control

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.	The neurons that send information to the central nervous system (CNS) are the: A. Sensory neurons   B. Motor neurons   C. Interneurons   D. Efferent neurons

 

2.	The nerve fiber that transmits information from the neuron is the: A. Dendrite   B. Axon   C. Synapse   D. Myelin

 

3.	Motor neurons are also called: A. Interneurons   B. Afferent neurons   C. Efferent neurons   D. Impulse neurons

 

4.	This type of neuron is most frequently found in the nervous system. A. Interneurons   B. Afferent neurons   C. Efferent neurons   D. Impulse neurons

 

5.	This type of motor neuron is most frequently found in the spinal cord. A. Motor interneurons.   B. Spinal motor neurons   C. Alpha motor neurons   D. Gamma motor neurons.

 

6.	The forebrain consists of the A. Cerebrum and diencephalon.   B. Cerebellum and brainstem.   C. Cerebrum and cerebellum.   D. Diencephalon and brainstem.

 

7.	The __________ cortex is the location of the transition between the perception of sensory information and the resulting action. A. Sensory   B. motor   C. Sensorimotor   D. Association

 

8.	Which area of the cerebral cortex is NOT one of the four areas primarily involved in the control of movement. A. Primary motor cortex   B. Premotor area   C. Supplementary motor area   D. Temporal lobe

 

9.	This area of the cerebral cortex is primarily responsible for organizing movements before they are initiated. A. Primary motor cortex   B. Premotor area   C. Supplementary motor area   D. Parietal lobe

 

10.	Which of the following is an important subcortical structure involved in the control of movement? rev: 04_05_2017_QC_CS-85211   A. Primary motor cortex   B. Premotor area   C. Supplementary motor area   D. Basal ganglia

 

11.	Parkinson’s disease is the result of a dysfunction of this area of the brain. A. Cerebral cortex   B. Cerebellum   C. Basal ganglia   D. Diencephalons

 

12.	The copy of neural signals about an intended movement sent by the motor cortex to the cerebellum is known as the: A. Motor output copy.   B. Sensorimotor copy.   C. Cortico-cerebellar copy.   D. Efference copy.

 

13.	This part of the brain is NOT a part of the brainstem that is significantly involved in motor control? A. Substantia nigra   B. Pons   C. Medulla   D. Reticular formation

 

14.	The pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts are two of which of the following types of tracts of the spinal cord? A. Ascending tracts   B. Descending tracts   C. Lateral tracts   D. Anterior tracts

 

15.

A motor unit consists of: A. The alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.   B. All the alpha motor neurons activated for a specific movement.   C. The alpha and gamma motor neurons associated with each muscle involved in a specific movement.   D. All the gamma motor neurons activated for a specific movement.

 

16.	The motor unit recruitment principle shows that motor units are recruited in the following order: A. From smallest to largest.   B. From largest to smallest.   C. From shortest to longest.   D. From longest to shortest.

 

17.

Carson and Kelso demonstrated that to fully understand the neural correlates of motor control, in addition to identifying brain region and muscle innervation characteristics, we need to know: A. Movement force characteristics   B. Peripheral nervous system involvement   C. Action goals of the movements   D. Individual difference characteristics of the performer of the movements

 

 

Short Answer Questions

18.	The are extensions from the neuron’s cell body that are primarily responsible for receiving information from other neurons.

 

19.	Sensory neurons are also known as neurons.

 

20.	The thin tissue of nerve cells that covers the cerebral cortex is call matter.

 

21.	The sheet of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum is referred to as the.

 

22.	The most posterior lobe of the cerebral cortex, which is especially important for visual perception, is the lobe.

 

23.	The areas of the cerebral cortex that would interconnect the various cortex areas needed to perform a choice reaction time task are known as the areas.

 

24.	Parkinson’s disease is caused by a lack of production of by the substantia nigra.

 

25.	The pyramidal tracts are a set of pathways in the nervous system.

 

 

True / False Questions

26.	The nervous system contains fewer sensory neurons than either motor neurons or interneurons. True    False

 

27.	Pyramidal cells are sensory neurons located in the brain. True    False

 

28.	The primary motor cortex is the area of the cerebral cortex primarily responsible for movement initiation and the coordination of movements for fine motor skills. True    False

 

29.	The nonpyramidal cells are the cells that send the majority of neural signals from the cortex to other parts of the central nervous system. True    False

 

30.	The cerebellum, like the cerebral cortex, has two hemispheres. True    False

 

31.	The diencephalon contains the thalamus and hypothalamus. True    False

 

32.	The cerebellum plays a role in motor learning as well as cognitive functioning. True    False

 

33.	Damage to the cerebellum typically results in clumsy movements. True    False

 

34.	The thalamus and pons are parts of the limbic system. True    False

 

35.	The pyramidal tract is also referred to as the corticospinal tract. True    False

 

36.	Most of the extrapyramidal tract fibers crossover in the brainstem to the opposite side of the body. True    False

 

 

Chapter 07

Performance and Motor Control Characteristics of Functional Skills

 

Multiple Choice Questions

1.

Fitts’ Law specifies that performance will show a speed-accuracy trade-off in a rapid manual aiming task according to the relationship between which two characteristics of the task? A. Distance to move and target size   B. Distance to move and movement speed   C. Target size and movement speed   D. Target size and type of target

 

2.	The Index of Difficulty (ID) that can be derived from Fitts’ law demonstrates that the same task can have various levels of difficulty and the same amount of: A. Movement speed   B. Response choices   C. Complexity   D. Performance variability

 

3.	One of the current views of how we control prehension is that the transport and grasp phases function: A. As one unit   B. Synergistically   C. As two motor programs   D. Independently.

 

4.	When you reach to grasp an object, which of the following describes when the fingers begin to close? A. At a consistent percentage of the total movement time   B. At a point that depends on the total movement time   C. At a point just before contact with the object   D. At contact with the object

 

5.

Consider the following two prehension situations: a person reaches to pick up a cup to: (a) drink from it; (b) move it to a different location on the table. The kinematic characteristics of the transport phase for these two situations would: A. Be similar   B. Be different   C. Depend on the color of the cup   D. Not be predictable

 

6.	Because we can write our signature relatively legibly with a pen held by either hand, either foot, or even by our teeth, researchers often describe handwriting as a good example of Bernstein’s concept of motor: A. Programs   B. Equivalence   C. Independence   D. Complexity

 

7.

In a two-hand aiming task in which the right hand must move to a target that has an ID of 4, and the left hand must simultaneously move to a target that has an ID of 2, when will each hand arrive at the target? A. The right hand will arrive much earlier than the left hand   B. The left hand will arrive much earlier than the right hand   C. The two hands will arrive at approximately the same time   D. The preferred hand will arrive first regardless of the ID

 

8.

Which of the following statements reflects the appropriate view of the spatial and temporal control underlying the performance of an asymmetric bimanual action? A. The two arms prefer to move independently of each other   B. The two arms prefer to move together as one unit   C. The preferred arm always dominates the other arm   D. The two arms cannot perform an asymmetric bimanual action

 

9.	The playing of a guitar is a good example of performing: A. An asymmetric bimanual skill   B. A symmetric bimanual skill   C. A prehension skill   D. A manual aiming skill

 

10.	From the dynamical systems perspective, the tendency for the two arms to prefer to move in tight spatial and temporal synchrony is the result of: A. A single generalized motor program   B. Two separate motor programs   C. An attractor   D. Motor equivalence

 

11.	When participants cannot see their hands during catching they typically make: A. No errors in catching   B. Hand positioning errors   C. Grasping errors   D. An equal number of hand positioning and grasping errors

 

12.	What do baseball batters tend to adjust relative to the oncoming speed of the pitch? A. When they initiate their step forward   B. When they initiate their swing   C. The speed of their swing   D. The length of their swing

 

13.

Research with highly skilled long jumpers reveals that the jumpers: A. Have remarkably consistent strides during their run up   B. Show large inconsistencies in their strides at the beginning of the run up   C. Show large inconsistencies in their last few strides before take off   D. Show large inconsistencies throughout the entire run up

 

14.	The rhythmic structure of the movements involved in gait can be observed A. Only in leg movements   B. Only in arm movements   C. In arm and leg movements   D. None of these

 

 

Short Answer Questions

15.	The three phases of prehension are called the transport phase, the grasp phase, and the ________ phase.

 

16.	That a person can adapt their handwriting to different surfaces, sizes, forces, etc., is an example of what Bernstein referred to as motor ________.

 

17.	The term used to describe a bimanual coordination task that requires the two hands to simultaneously perform movements that have the same spatial and temporal characteristics is ________.