Motivation Theory Research and Application 6th Edition by Herbert L. Petri – Test Bank
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Sample
Test
CHAPTER 3 – Test Bank
Physiological Mechanisms of Arousal
[Note: After each question, the correct answer, the textbook
page from which it comes, and the question type is provided.]
1. The
arousal approach to motivation argues that we can best understand behavior by
understanding how the organism:
2. is
stressed
3. displays
homeostasis
4. becomes
activated
5. the
Yerkes-Dodson law
[c 62 factual]
2. According
to the inverted-U function, performance:
3. peaks
at some midrange level of arousal
4. peaks
at low levels of arousal, only
5. peaks
at high levels of arousal, only
6. is
not related to arousal level
[a 62-63 factual]
3. Bremer
(1937) found that if the brain stem is cut between the medulla and the spinal
cord, the animal:
4. sleeps
constantly
5. goes
through its normal wake-sleep cycle
6. is no
longer able to sleep
7. cannot
perform the inverted-U function
[b 63 factual]
4. Sue
has very high arousal (stress) this week. According to the inverted-U function,
her performance in class will probably be:
5. the
best of her life
6. good
7. excellent
8. poor
[d 63 conceptual]
5. Moruzzi
and Magoun (1949) found that stimulation of the reticular activating system
caused:
6. beta
wave activity
7. alpha
wave activity
8. sleep
9. sexual
behavior
[a 64 factual]
6. According
to Hebb’s theory, sensory information serves two functions, which are:
7. arousal
and direction
8. cue
and arousal
9. stimulation
and direction
10. cue
and stimulation
[b 65 factual]
7. According
to studies by Ekman and others:
8. no
changes in autonomic activities are discernible for emotions such as disgust or
anger
9. autonomic
changes may be triggered by contractions of specific facial muscles
10. there
is no relationship between measures of behavioral, cortical and autonomic
arousal
11. emotional
reactions are not fully measureable physiologically
[b 67 conceptual]
8. John
wakes at the same time each morning, even without an alarm clock. What BEST
explains this finding?
9. circadian
rhythm
10. solar
eclipse
11. hormone
levels
12. neurotransmitters
[a 69 conceptual]
9. Sleep
can be described as
10. a
state of no arousal
11. a
state of no behavior
12. having
a strong relationship to motivation
13. the
absence of behavior and arousal
[c 68 conceptual]
10. According
to current research, sleep
11. is
totally controlled by dreams
12. is
controlled by a circadian process that determines when we wake up
13. deprivation
leads to severe mental health problems or death in humans
14. is a
state of complete relaxation
[b 68-69 conceptual]
11. Which
stage or stages of sleep are called NREM?
12. stages
1 through 4
13. stage
1 only
14. stages
2 and 3 only
15. stage
4
[a 70 factual]
12. Mary
is dreaming. What stage of sleep is she MOST likely in?
13. REM
14. stage
2
15. stage
3
16. NREM
[a 70 conceptual]
13. The
stage of sleep that contains a mix of theta, beta, and alpha waves is:
14. stage
1
15. stage
2
16. stage
4
17. REM
[d 70 factual]
14. Snoring
commonly occurs during
15. REM
sleep
16. NREM
sleep
17. stage
1 sleep
18. any
stage of sleep
[b 71 factual]
15. What
is the normal portion of sleep time spent in REM sleep in adults?
16. 5%
17. 10%
18. 25%
19. 50%
[c 71 factual]
16. Most
REM sleep occurs:
17. when
we first fall asleep
18. early
in the night
19. in
the middle of the night
20. later
in the night
[d 71 factual]
17. The
best outward indicator of REM sleep is:
18. a
combination of rapid eye movements and tense muscles
19. snoring
20. loss
of muscle tone (temporary paralysis)
21. slow,
deep breathing
[c 72 factual]
18. Research
has shown that:
19. most
dreams have a short duration, but can last up to an hour
20. most
dreams tend to involve positive emotions
21. dreams
later in the night tend to draw on events of the previous day
22. the
average person spends 300 minutes dreaming each night
[a 72 conceptual]
19. Paradoxical
sleep is another name for:
20. NREM
sleep
21. daydreaming
22. REM
sleep
23. narcolepsy
[c 72 factual]
20. Domhoff
argues that:
21. there
is continuity between waking thoughts and dreams
22. dreams
tend to be totally independent from each other
23. waking
thoughts and dreams are unrelated
24. dreams
depend largely on the hindbrain
[a 73 conceptual]
21. Revonsuo
proposed that dreaming functions to simulate threatening events and to allow us
to rehearse behaviors associated with perceiving threats and avoiding them.
This is called the:
22. conscious
threats and avoidance theory
23. threat
simulation theory
24. simulation
of fear approach
25. simulated
fear law
[b 73 factual]
22. Webb
(1986) found that sleep deprivation leads to:
23. decline
in ability to sustain performance on short, simple tasks
24. decline
in the ability to sustain performance on long, complex tasks
25. decline
in accuracy
26. heightened
awareness during thought problems
[b 74 factual]
23. Modest
amounts of sleep deprivation of depressed patients tends to:
24. act
as an antidepressant
25. make
them angry
26. make
them suicidal
27. reduce
their REM sleep once they are allowed to sleep
[a 74 factual]
24. Dement
reported that when sleepers are repeatedly awakened during REM sleep:
25. they
learn not to dream
26. there
is no change in their dreaming pattern
27. there
is a slight increase in dreaming
28. REM
rebound occurs
[d 74 factual]
25. All
of the following neurotransmitters promote arousal EXCEPT:
26. acetylcholine
27. norepinephrine
28. GABA
29. serotonin
[c 75-76 conceptual]
26. Which
of the following is NOT evidence that adenosine may be involved in the chemical
induction of sleep?
27. adenosine
is produced by brain activity
28. adenosine
inhibits the RAS
29. adenosine
has an inhibitory effect on neurons than maintain arousal
30. caffeine
blocks the receptor sites for adenosine
[b 78 conceptual]
27. Which
of the following is most strongly suggested as the main neurotransmitter
promoting sleep?
28. adenosine
29. acetylcholine
30. norepinephrine
31. histamine
[a 78 factual]
28. When
the body is forced to cope with or adapt to a changed situation, it is called:
29. coping
30. situational
adjustment
31. bodily
physical changes
32. stress
[d 82 factual]
29. Hormones
are described by the authors as;
30. chemical
signals that act near their point of release in the body
31. chemicals
which changed the rate of other chemical reactions in the body
32. chemical
signals which operate by reaching receptors across a synapse
33. chemical
signals that regulate or coordinate the activity of distant organs
[d 83 factual]
30. The
master gland within the endocrine system is the:
31. pituitary
gland
32. adrenal
gland
33. thyroid
gland
34. hypothalamus
[a 83 factual]
31. Among
the major effects of stress is the activation of the:
32. parasympathetic
nervous system
33. exocrine
glands
34. endocrine
glands
35. reticular
formation
[c 83 factual]
32. The
general effect of release of epinephrine and hydrocortisone into the blood
stream is:
33. decreasing
blood sugar, heart rate, and blood pressure
34. increasing
blood sugar, decreasing heart rate, and blood pressure
35. increasing
blood sugar, heart rate, and blood pressure
36. decreasing
blood sugar, increasing heart rate, and blood pressure
[c 84 factual]
33.. Selye named the initial stage of our response to a stressor
the:
1. resistance
stage
2. alarm
reaction
3. refractory
stage
4. exhaustion
stage
[b 84 factual]
34. The
General Adaptive Syndrome is defined as how the body reacts to:
35. all
stressors
36. only
infectious diseases
37. only
violence and abuse
38. environmental
pollution, such as toxic chemicals
[a 84 factual]
35. The
General Adaptive Syndrome:
36. is
always beneficial
37. shows
different expression of stage sequence in different individuals
38. sometimes
results in specific diseases of adaptation
39. is
always of short duration
[c 85 factual]
36. According
to the Social
Readjustment Rating Scale, which of the following events would have
the highest score?
37. divorce
38. Christmas
39. beginning
school
40. marriage
[a 86 factual]
37. In
studying the effects of life-change on illness, some studies involved
individuals who had experienced suspect stress related illness being asked to
indicate when specific life changes and specific illnesses occurred. This type
of study is generally called a:
38. cohort
study
39. retrospective
study
40. double
blind study
41. prospective
study
[b 86 factual]
38. Which
of the following is the most important criticism of life-change research?
39. there
is no correlation between life-change and disease
40. predictions
of disease or health are subjective and not scientific
41. individuals
vary greatly in their ability to withstand stress
42. everyone
shows the same responses to stress
[c 98 factual]
39. Which
of the following is NOT a possible buffer for the disease causing effects of
stress?
40. having
a humorous expressive style
41. having
a pessimistic explanatory style
42. hardiness
43. having
alternate plans ready
[b 89 conceptual]
40. Which
of the following is NOT a characteristic of hardiness?
41. consideration
42. commitment
43. control
44. challenge
[a 89 conceptual]
41. Social
support theory:
42. has
shown that social support may be more effective for men than for women
43. explains
why stress is harmful to social relationship
44. proposes
that social relationships help buffer the effects of stress
45. has
shown that social support may be more effective for women than for men
[a 90 conceptual]
42. Some
studies suggest that social support as a buffer for stress related disease is:
43. equally
effective for men and women
44. more effective
for women
45. more
effective for men
46. less
effective for the young than for the old
[c 90 factual]
43. Explanatory
style concerns _____, whereas expressive style concerns _____.
44. the
ways we explain events; the ways we express our reaction to events
45. humor
vs. crying; optimism vs. pessimism
46. way
of coping; attributions
47. how
men cope; how women cope
[a 90-91 conceptual]
44. A
field of psychology that deals with relationships between behavior and
health/illness is called:
45. behavioral
psychology
46. behavioral
pharmacology
47. medical
psychology
48. health
psychology
[d 92 factual]
45. Psychoneuroimmunology
is a discipline that studies the relationship between:
46. behavior
and cancer
47. behavior,
the nervous system and the immune system
48. mental
health the immune system
49. exercise
and the immune system
[b 92-93 factual]
46. An
inert substance that people report makes them feel better is referred to as a:
47. relaxant
48. mood
swing
49. placebo
50. psychoimmune
function
[c 95 factual]
47. A
refractory period of 10 to 30 minutes in the human sexual response cycle is
most characteristic of:
48. older
women
49. older
men
50. younger
women
51. younger
men
[d 96 factual]
48. Masters
and Johnson have identified ____ stages of sexual arousal:
49. 4
50. 5
51. 3
52. 2
[a 96 factual]
49. Myotonia
refers to:
50. a decrease
in muscle tone throughout the body
51. an
increase in muscle tone throughout the body
52. the
concentration of blood in certain areas of the body
53. the
draining of blood from various locations in the body
[b 96 factual]
50. Mary
has lost her sexual desire, a condition termed:
51. hypoactive
sexual desire
52. arousal
deviation
53. refractory
contingent
54. plateau
evasion
[a 97 conceptual]
CHAPTER 4 – Test Bank
Physiological Mechanisms of Regulation
[Note: After each question, the correct answer, the textbook
page from which it comes, and the question type is provided.]
1. Which
of the following is NOT a taste receptor on the tongue?
2. sweet
3. sour
4. vegetable
5. umami
[c 101 conceptual]
2. The
finding that an individual exposed to an unchanging diet will eat less than if
an individual had access to a varied diet is called:
3. variability
hypothesis
4. sensory
specific satiety
5. sameness
sensory theory
6. dietary
need for change
[b 103 factual]
3. Questions
concerning why we ingest food or water may involve studying all of these EXCEPT:
4. homeostatic
mechanisms
5. memory
processes
6. stimulus
qualities of food
7. the
cerebellum
[d 103 conceptual]
4. The
observation that an animal or person exposed to an unchanging diet will eat
less than if they had access to a variety of foods has been called the:
5. Ziegarnik
effect
6. Law
of effect
7. Yerkes-Dodson
Law
8. sensory
specific satiety
[d 103 factual]
5. Three
components of food are:
6. carbohydrates,
fats, proteins
7. carbohydrates,
amino acids, proteins
8. triglycerides,
cholesterol, glucose
9. amino
acids, lipids, glucose
[a 103 factual]
6. Which
of the following is NOT true of the local theory of motivation?
7. it
assumes that signals controlling hunger and thirst are produced by the brain
8. it
was based on Cannon and Washburn’s experiments with swallowed balloons
9. it
assumes signals controlling hunger are produced in the peripheral organs of the
body
10. it
has been shown to be inadequate to explain hunger and thirst
[a 105 conceptual]
7. A
_____ theory of motivation assumes that signals that control motives such as
hunger are produced in the peripheral body organs.
8. central
9. controllable
10. local
11. hypothalamic
[c 105 factual]
8. A
specific brain structure known to be involved in regulating such behaviors as
feeding, drinking, sexual behavior, fear, and aggressiveness is the:
9. cerebellum
10. thalamus
11. pituitary
gland
12. hypothalamus
[d 106 factual]
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