MICROBIOLOGY A Systems Approach 4TH EDITION BY COWAN – TEST BANK

 

 

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Sample Test

Chapter 03

Tools of the Laboratory: Methods for the Culturing of Microscopic Analysis of Microorganisms

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1.    The Five I’s of studying microorganisms include all of the following except

2.    inoculation.

3.    incubation.

4.    infection.

5.    isolation.

6.    identification.

 

 

2.    The term that refers to the purposeful addition of microorganisms into a laboratory nutrient medium is

3.    isolation.

4.    inoculation.

5.    immunization.

6.    infection.

7.    contamination.

 

 

 

3.    A pure culture contains

4.    only one identified species of microorganism.

5.    only bacteria.

6.    a variety of microbes from one source.

7.    a variety of species from the same genus.

 

 

4.    The correct microbiological term for the tiny sample of specimen that is put into a nutrient medium in order to produce a culture is

5.    colony.

6.    inoculum.

7.    streak.

8.    loop.

 

 

 

5.    Which of the following is essential for the development of discrete, isolated colonies?

6.    broth medium

7.    differential medium

8.    selective medium

9.    solid medium

10.  assay medium

 

 

 

6.    Which method often results in colonies developing down throughout the agar along with some colonies on the surface?

7.    streak plate

8.    spread plate

9.    pour plate

10.  replica plate

 

 

 

7.    Which isolation technique is most effective for the majority of applications, and is most commonly used for colony isolation in the laboratory?

8.    pour plate

9.    streak plate

10.  spread plate

11.  loop dilution

12.  culture plate

 

 

 

 

 

8.    Which of the following is produced by adding 1% to 5% agar to nutrient broth that is then boiled and cooled?

9.    a pure culture

10.  a mixed culture

11.  a solid medium

12.  a liquid medium

13.  a contaminated medium

 

 

9.    Agar is an important component of media because

10.  bacteria require agar to grow.

11.  agar inhibits mold growth.

12.  agar provides a solid surface for bacterial growth.

13.  agar prevents contamination.

 

 

10.  The three physical forms of laboratory media are

11.  solid, liquid, and gas.

12.  solid, semisolid, and liquid.

13.  streak plate, pour plate, and broth.

14.  aerobic, anaerobic, and microaerobic.

 

 

 

11.  Which of the following is not an inoculating tool?

12.  Petri dish

13.  loop

14.  needle

15.  pipette

16.  swab

 

 

 

12.  Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a/an

13.  green plant.

14.  fungus.

15.  mold.

16.  algae.

17.  Euglena.

 

 

 

13.  Which of the following is not a benefit of agar as a solid medium?

14.  flexibility

15.  holds moisture

16.  can be inoculated and poured at a temperature that is not harmful

17.  solid at room temperature

18.  digested by most microbes

 

 

 

14.  A nutrient medium that has all of its chemical components identified and their precise concentrations known and reproducible, is termed

15.  complex.

16.  reducing.

17.  enriched.

18.  synthetic.

 

 

 

15.  A nutrient medium that contains at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable is termed

16.  complex.

17.  reducing.

18.  enriched.

19.  synthetic.

 

 

 

16.  All of the following are examples of different types of microbiological media except

17.  broth.

18.  enriched.

19.  agar.

20.  Petri dish.

21.  semisolid.

 

 

 

17.  A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli into a culture medium. Following incubation, only the E. coli grows in the culture. What is the most likely explanation?

18.  The microbiologist used too much inoculum.

19.  The culture is contaminated.

20.  The incubation temperature was incorrect.

21.  The culture medium must be selective.

22.  The culture medium must be differential.

 

 

 

18.  A common medium used for growing fastidious bacteria is

19.  blood agar.

20.  trypticase soy agar.

21.  mannitol salt agar.

22.  MacConkey medium.

23.  reducing medium.

 

 

 

19.  A reducing medium contains

20.  sugars that can be fermented.

21.  extra oxygen.

22.  hemoglobin, vitamins, or other growth factors.

23.  substances that remove oxygen.

24.  inhibiting agents.

 

 

 

20.  Which type of medium is able to distinguish different species or types of microorganisms based on an observable change in the colonies or in the medium?

21.  differential

22.  selective

23.  enumeration

24.  enriched

25.  reducing

 

 

21.  A microbiologist decides to use a nutrient medium that contains thioglycollic acid. What type of microbe is she attempting to culture?

22.  fastidious

23.  gram-positive

24.  anaerobic

25.  gram-negative

26.  aerobic

 

22.  Differential media result in which of the following growth characteristics?

23.  different color colonies

24.  different media color post incubation

25.  precipitates

26.  gas bubbles

27.  All of the choices are correct.

 

 

 

23.  A reducing medium is used to culture

24.  fastidious organisms.

25.  aerobic organisms.

26.  anaerobic organisms.

27.  any pathogenic organisms.

 

 

 

24.  For which bacterial genus is mannitol salt agar selective?

25.  Salmonella

26.  Streptococcus

27.  Neisseria

28.  Staphylococcus

29.  Escherichia

 

25.  A microbiologist must culture a patient’s feces for intestinal pathogens. Which of the following would likely be present in selective media for analyzing this fecal specimen?

26.  NaCl

27.  sheep red blood cells

28.  bile salts

29.  thioglycollic acid

30.  peptone

 

 

 

26.  Bacteria that require special growth factors and complex nutrients are termed

27.  aerobic.

28.  anaerobic.

29.  fastidious.

30.  microaerophilic.

31.  autotrophic.

 

 

27.  A microbiologist inoculates Staphylococcus aureus into a culture medium. Following incubation, both Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are determined to be growing in this culture. What is the most likely explanation?

28.  The microbiologist used too much inoculum.

29.  The culture is contaminated.

30.  The incubation temperature was incorrect.

31.  The culture medium must be selective.

32.  The culture medium must be differential.

 

 

 

 

28.  What is the term for a culture made from one isolated colony?

29.  axenic

30.  mixed

31.  pure

32.  Both axenic and mixed are correct.

33.  Both axenic and pure are correct.

 

 

29.  Newly inoculated cultures must be _____ at a specific temperature and time to encourage growth.

30.  streaked

31.  poured

32.  incubated

33.  spread

 

 

 

30.  The _____ of the microscope holds and allows selection of the objective lenses.

31.  stage

32.  condenser

33.  objective

34.  ocular

35.  nosepiece

 

 

31.  Fluoresence microscopy uses a different wavelength of light to illuminate a specimen versus other types of microscopes. This results in:

32.  more magnification

33.  better resolution

34.  less refraction

35.  more distortion of the object

36.  halos around the objects

 

 

 

 

32.  Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce a real image of the specimen?

33.  condenser

34.  objective lens

35.  ocular lens

36.  body

37.  nosepiece

 

 

33.  Which of the following magnifies the specimen to produce the virtual image of the specimen?

34.  objective lens

35.  ocular lens

36.  condenser

37.  body

38.  iris diaphragm

 

 

34.  Which of the following controls the amount of light entering the condenser?

35.  objective lens

36.  ocular lens

37.  condenser

38.  body

39.  iris diaphragm

 

 

 

35.  If a microbiologist is studying a specimen at a total magnification of 950X, what is the magnifying power of the objective lens if the ocular lens is 10X?

36.  100X

37.  950X

38.  85X

39.  850X

40.  95X

 

 

36.  Magnification is achieved in a compound microscope through the initial magnification of the specimen by the _____ lens. This image is then projected to the _____ lens that will further magnify the specimen to form a virtual image received by the eye.

37.  ocular; objective

38.  scanning; objective

39.  objective; ocular

40.  ocular; oil immersion

 

 

37.  Which term refers to the microscope’s ability to show two separate entities as separate and distinct?

38.  resolving power

39.  magnification

40.  refraction

41.  magnification

 

 

 

38.  All of the following are diameters of cells that would be resolved in a microscope with a limit of resolution of 0.2µm except

39.  0.2 µm.

40.  0.2 mm.

41.  0.1 µm.

42.  0.3 µm.

43.  2.0 µm.

 

 

39.  The wavelength of light used and the numerical aperture governs

40.  illumination.

41.  resolution.

42.  magnification.

43.  size of the field.

 

 

 

 

40.  _____ has the same optical qualities as glass and thus prevents refractive loss of light as it passes from the slide to the objective lens.

41.  The scanning objective

42.  The oil objective

43.  The slide

44.  Immersion oil

45.  The ocular

 

 

 

41.  The type of microscope in which you would see brightly illuminated specimens against a black background is

42.  bright-field.

43.  dark-field.

44.  phase-contrast.

45.  fluorescence.

46.  electron.

 

 

 

42.  Which type of microscope shows cells against a bright background and also shows intracellular structures of unstained cells based on their varying densities?

43.  bright-field

44.  dark-field

45.  phase-contrast

46.  differential interference

47.  electron

 

 

43.  Which type of microscope is the most widely used and shows cells against a bright background?

44.  bright-field

45.  dark-field

46.  phase-contrast

47.  fluorescence

48.  electron

 

 

 

44.  All of the following pertain to the fluorescence microscope except

45.  uses electrons to produce a specimen image.

46.  type of compound microscope.

47.  requires the use of dyes like acridine and fluorescein.

48.  commonly used to diagnose certain infections.

49.  requires an ultraviolet radiation source.

 

45.  A confocal scanning optical microscope

46.  uses ultraviolet light to form a specimen image.

47.  shows three-dimensional cell images from the cell surface to the middle of the cell.

48.  produces specimen images on electron micrographs.

49.  uses dyes that emit visible light when bombarded by ultraviolet rays.

50.  requires specimens to be stained.

 

46.  A confocal scanning optical microscope

47.  uses a laser beam of light to form a specimen image.

48.  shows only the surface of the specimen.

49.  produces specimen images on electron micrographs.

50.  uses dyes that emit visible light when bombarded by ultraviolet rays.

51.  requires specimens to be stained.

 

 

47.  Which type of microscope does not use light in forming the specimen image?

48.  bright-field

49.  dark-field

50.  phase-contrast

51.  fluorescence

52.  electron

 

 

48.  Which type of microscope achieves the greatest resolution and highest magnification?

49.  bright-field

50.  dark-field

51.  phase-contrast

52.  fluorescence

53.  electron

 

 

 

49.  Which type of microscope cannot image live specimens?

50.  bright-field

51.  phase-contrast

52.  dark-field

53.  electron

54.  differential interference

 

 

50.  Which type of microscope bombards a whole, metal-coated specimen with electrons moving back and forth over it?

51.  fluorescence

52.  differential interference contrast

53.  scanning electron

54.  transmission electron

55.  phase-contrast

 

 

51.  The specimen preparation that is best for viewing cell motility is

52.  hanging drop.

53.  fixed, stained smear.

54.  Gram stain.

55.  negative stain.

56.  flagellar stain.

 

 

52.  The purpose of staining cells on a microscope slide is to

53.  kill them.

54.  secure them to the slide.

55.  enlarge the cells.

56.  add contrast in order to see them better.

57.  see motility.

 

 

53.  The Gram staining procedure is best described as a/n __staining technique.

54.  selective

55.  differential

56.  negative

57.  simple

58.  special

 

 

54.  What do the Gram stain, acid-fast stain, and endospore stain have in common?

55.  used on a wet mount of the specimen

56.  use heat to force the dye into cell structures

57.  outcome based on the charge of the cell wall

58.  use a negative stain technique

59.  are differential stains

 

 

55.  Basic dyes are

56.  attracted to the acidic substances of bacterial cells.

57.  anionic.

58.  used in negative staining.

59.  repelled by cells.

60.  dyes such as India ink and nigrosin.

 

 

56.  A microbiologist makes a fixed smear of bacterial cells and stains them with Loeffler’s methylene blue. All the cells appear blue under the oil lens. This is an example of

57.  negative staining.

58.  using an acidic dye.

59.  simple staining.

60.  using the acid-fast stain.

61.  capsule staining.

 

 

57.  Who invented the first crude microscope by grinding glass?

58.  Redi

59.  Lister

60.  Schultz and Schwann

61.  Leeuwenhoek

62.  Pasteur

 

 

58.  Which type of media would be the best choice when shipping a sample of bacteria to a laboratory to be tested from a satellite office site?

59.  transport

60.  EMB

61.  blood

62.  thioglycollate

 

 

 

True / False Questions

 

 

59.  The procedures for culturing a microorganism require the use of a microscope.

 

60.  A medium that is gel-like has less agar in it compared to a solid medium.

 

61.  Some microbes are not capable of growing on artificial media.

 

62.  A selective medium contains one or more substances that inhibit growth of certain microbes in order to facilitate the growth of other microbes.

 

63.  One colony typically develops from the growth of several parent bacterial cells.

 

 

64.  Mixed cultures are also referred to as contaminated cultures.

65.  Bacterial cultures are easily identified from their microscopic appearance.

 

66.  Normal incubation temperatures range from 30° to 60° C.

 

67.  The bending of light rays as they pass from one medium to another is called refraction.

 

68.  The real image is the reverse of the actual specimen.

 

69.  A differential interference contrast microscope uses dyes to give colored, three-dimensional images.

70.  Fixed smears of specimens are required in order to perform the Gram stain and endospore stain on the specimens.

 

 

 

71.  At the end of the Gram stain, gram-positive bacteria will be seen as pink cells.

 

 

 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

72.  The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes the sexually-transmitted infection gonorrhea. Although it can be isolated from the vagina, there are numerous normal biota in that location as well.  In order to culture this pathogenic bacterium, one should use:

73.  enrichment media.

74.  selective media.

75.  refrigeration temperature for incubation.

76.  liquid media.

 

73.  When comparing the uses and benefits of the transmission electron microscope to the scanning electron microscope, you could say that:

74.  the transmission EM has to be used with dyes.

75.  the transmission EM is for external architecture of cells.

76.  the transmission EM is used for internal inspection of cells and subcellular structures.

77.  the transmission EM can be used with bacteria but not with viruses.

 

 

 

74.  Robert Koch and his lab workers first used agar in bacteriological media. Why did they find this media so much better than previous materials used to grow bacteria?

75.  Bacteria, growing on the solidified media, did not degrade or break down the medium.

76.  Agar could convert from liquid to solid form, and back again, very easily.

77.  The food material that Koch was previously using in the lab was much more expensive than agar.

78.  Agar is a great source of nutrients for bacteria.

 

 

75.  Eosin-methylene blue agar, or EMB, is a commonly used bacteriological medium in a lab, used to grow gram-negative bacteria. There are two dyes in it, eosin and methylene blue, as well as the sugar lactose. Eosin is a pH indicator that changes color when the medium is acidic, while methylene blue reduces the growth of most gram-positive bacteria.  If an organism uses lactose, acid will be produced changing the pH of the medium and subsequently causing the bacterial colonies to change color.

Based upon this description, this medium is:

1.    reducing

2.    enrichment

3.    selective

4.    differential

5.    differential and selective