Microbiology An Introduction 12th Edition By Gerard J. Tortora – Test Bank

 

 

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Microbiology: An Introduction, 12e, (Tortora)

Chapter 4   Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

 

4.1   Multiple-Choice Questions

 

1) Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells?

1.    A) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.

2.    B) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.

3.    C) They typically have a circular chromosome.

4.    D) They reproduce by binary fission.

5.    E) They lack a plasma membrane.

Answer:  E

Section:  4.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  2.2

Learning Outcome:  4.1

 

2) Each of the following statements concerning the gram-positive cell wall is true EXCEPT

1.    A) it maintains the shape of the cell.

2.    B) it is sensitive to lysozyme.

3.    C) it protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.

4.    D) it contains teichoic acids.

5.    E) it is sensitive to penicillin.

Answer:  C

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.2

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  2

 

3) Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5% NaCl?

1.    A) Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration.

2.    B) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.

3.    C) Water will move out of the cell.

4.    D) Water will move into the cell.

5.    E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

Answer:  C

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  2

 

4) A gram-positive bacterium suddenly acquires resistance to the antibiotic methicillin. This trait most likely occurred due to acquisition of new genetic information through

1.    A) conjugation.

2.    B) binary fission.

3.    C) meisosis.

4.    D) transformation.

5.    E) transduction.

Answer:  A

Section:  4.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  4.1

Learning Outcome:  4.4

Global Outcome:  2

 

5) By which of the following mechanisms can a cell transport a substance from a lower to a higher concentration?

1.    A) simple diffusion

2.    B) facilitated diffusion

3.    C) active transport

4.    D) extracellular enzymes

5.    E) aquaporins

Answer:  C

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  2

 

6) Which of the following is NOT a typical characteristic of most bacterial plasma membranes?

1.    A) site of energy production

2.    B) composed of a phospholipid bilayer

3.    C) contains proteins

4.    D) contains cholesterol

5.    E) is selectively permeable

Answer:  D

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  2.4

Learning Outcome:  4.8

Global Outcome:  2

 

 

7) Which one of the following organisms has a cell wall?

1.    A) protoplasts

2.    B) fungi

3.    C) L forms

4.    D) mycoplasmas

5.    E) animal cells

Answer:  B

Section:  4.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  2.4

Learning Outcome:  4.14

Global Outcome:  7

8) Which of the following statements is TRUE?

1.    A) Endospores are for reproduction.

2.    B) Endospores allow a cell to survive environmental changes by producing a dormant period with no growth.

3.    C) Endospores are easily stained in a Gram stain.

4.    D) A cell produces one endospore and keeps growing.

5.    E) A cell can produce many endospores.

Answer:  B

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.12

 

9) Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

1.    A) endoplasmic reticulum — internal transport

2.    B) Golgi complex — secretion

3.    C) mitochondria — ATP production

4.    D) centrosome — food storage

5.    E) lysosome — digestive enzymes

Answer:  D

Section:  4.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

Learning Outcome:  4.19

 

 

10) Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell?

1.    A) nucleus

2.    B) mitochondrion

3.    C) Golgi complex

4.    D) vacuole

5.    E) cell wall

Answer:  B

Section:  4.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

Learning Outcome:  4.18

Global Outcome:  7

Figure 4.1

 

 

11) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a tetrad?

1.    A) a

2.    B) b

3.    C) c

4.    D) d

5.    E) e

Answer:  B

Section:  4.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

Learning Outcome:  4.2

 

12) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 possesses an axial filament?

1.    A) a

2.    B) b

3.    C) c

4.    D) d

5.    E) e

Answer:  A

Section:  4.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.2

 

 

13) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is streptococci?

1.    A) a

2.    B) b

3.    C) c

4.    D) d

5.    E) e

Answer:  D

Section:  4.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

Learning Outcome:  4.2

14) Antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis ultimately cause bacterial cell death as a result of

1.    A) osmotic lysis.

2.    B) inhibition of molecular transport.

3.    C) decreased synthesis of plasma membrane.

4.    D) plasmolysis.

5.    E) cell shrinkage.

Answer:  A

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  2

 

15) Bacteria are a commonly used organism for studies of genetic material in the research laboratory. The nucleic acids must first be isolated from the cells for these studies. Which of the following would most likely be used to lyse gram-positive bacterial cells for nucleic acid isolation?

1.    A) lysozyme

2.    B) polymixins

3.    C) alcohol

4.    D) water

5.    E) mycolic acid

Answer:  A

Section:  4.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  8.5

Learning Outcome:  4.19

 

 

16) Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is FALSE?

1.    A) They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment.

2.    B) They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and phospholipids.

3.    C) They are toxic to humans.

4.    D) They are sensitive to penicillin.

5.    E) Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.

Answer:  D

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  2

 

17) Which of the following structures is NOT found in some prokaryotic cells?

1.    A) flagellum

2.    B) axial filament

3.    C) cilium

4.    D) pilus

5.    E) peritrichous flagella

Answer:  C

Section:  4.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  2.4

Learning Outcome:  4.13

Global Outcome:  2

18) Functions of the glycocalyx include all of the following EXCEPT

1.    A) biofilm formation.

2.    B) increased virulence.

3.    C) source of nutrition.

4.    D) protection against dehydration.

5.    E) binary fission.

Answer:  E

Section:  4.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

Learning Outcome:  4.3

Global Outcome:  2

 

 

19) Which structure acts like an “invisibility cloak” and protects bacteria from being phagocytized?

1.    A) slime layer

2.    B) fimbriae

3.    C) capsule

4.    D) cell membrane

5.    E) cell wall

Answer:  C

Section:  4.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

Learning Outcome:  4.3

Global Outcome:  2

 

20) Which of the following is NOT part of the passive transport process?

1.    A) plasma membrane

2.    B) transporter proteins

3.    C) ATP

4.    D) concentration gradient

5.    E) aquaporins

Answer:  C

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  2

21) Figure 4.2

 

 

Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2?

1.    A) peritrichous flagella

2.    B) amphitrichous flagella

3.    C) lophotrichous flagella

4.    D) monotrichous flagellum

5.    E) axial filament

Answer:  C

Section:  4.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.4

Global Outcome:  3

 

 

22) In bacteria, photosynthetic pigments are found in

1.    A) chloroplasts.

2.    B) cytoplasm.

3.    C) chromatophores.

4.    D) mesosomes.

5.    E) ribosomes.

Answer:  C

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.11

Global Outcome:  2

 

23) The difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion is that facilitated diffusion

1.    A) moves materials from a higher to a lower concentration.

2.    B) moves materials from a lower to a higher concentration.

3.    C) requires ATP.

4.    D) requires transporter proteins.

5.    E) does not require ATP.

Answer:  D

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  7

 

24) The terms “run” and “tumble” are generally associated with

1.    A) cell wall fluidity.

2.    B) taxic movements of the cell in response to attractants or repellents.

3.    C) clustering properties of certain rod-shaped bacteria.

4.    D) cell membrane synthesis.

Answer:  B

Section:  4.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

Learning Outcome:  4.4

Global Outcome:  2

 

25) You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that the cell

1.    A) has 9 pairs + 2 flagella.

2.    B) has a mitochondrion.

3.    C) has a cell wall.

4.    D) lives in an extreme environment.

5.    E) has cilia.

Answer:  C

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  2.2

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  2

 

26) Fimbriae and pili differ in that

1.    A) there are only one or two pili per cell.

2.    B) pili are used for motility.

3.    C) pili are used to transfer DNA.

4.    D) pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility.

5.    E) pili are used for attachment to surfaces.

Answer:  D

Section:  4.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.4

Global Outcome:  2

 

Figure 4.3

 

27) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a gram-negative cell wall?

1.    A) a

2.    B) b

3.    C) both a and b

4.    D) neither a nor b

5.    E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Answer:  B

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.1

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  3

 

28) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall possesses lipid A/endotoxin responsible for symptoms associated with infection?

1.    A) a

2.    B) b

3.    C) both a and b

4.    D) neither a nor b

5.    E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Answer:  B

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  5.4

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  3

 

29) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall has a structure that protects against osmotic lysis?

1.    A) a

2.    B) b

3.    C) both a and b

4.    D) neither a nor b

5.    E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Answer:  C

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  3

 

30) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by alcohol?

1.    A) a

2.    B) b

3.    C) both a and b

4.    D) neither a nor b

5.    E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Answer:  B

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  8.1

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  3

 

31) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is resistant to many antibiotics (e.g., penicillin)?

1.    A) a

2.    B) b

3.    C) both a and b

4.    D) neither a nor b

5.    E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Answer:  B

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.2

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  3

 

 

32) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains teichoic acids?

1.    A) a

2.    B) b

3.    C) both a and b

4.    D) neither a nor b

5.    E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Answer:  A

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  3

33) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains porins?

1.    A) a

2.    B) b

3.    C) both a and b

4.    D) neither a nor b

5.    E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Answer:  A

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.1

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  3

 

34) Where are phospholipids most likely found in a prokaryotic cell?

1.    A) flagella

2.    B) around organelles

3.    C) the plasma membrane

4.    D) ribosomes

5.    E) the plasma membrane and around organelles

Answer:  C

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

Learning Outcome:  4.8

Global Outcome:  2

 

 

35) Where are phospholipids most likely found in a eukaryotic cell?

1.    A) surrounding flagella

2.    B) around organelles

3.    C) the plasma membrane

4.    D) ribosomes

5.    E) the plasma membrane, around organelles, and surrounding flagella

Answer:  E

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  2.4

Learning Outcome:  4.8

Global Outcome:  2

 

36) Which of the following is NOT found or observed to occur in both mitochondria and prokaryotes?

1.    A) circular chromosome

2.    B) 70S ribosomes

3.    C) cell wall

4.    D) binary fission

5.    E) ATP-generating mechanism

Answer:  C

Section:  4.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.4

Learning Outcome:  4.19

Global Outcome:  7

37) Which of the following statements is correct about passive diffusion?

1.    A) It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.

2.    B) It is a process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration (or down a concentration gradient).

3.    C) It is a process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration (or up a concentration gradient).

4.    D) It may require a transport protein.

5.    E) It involves movement of molecules down a concentration gradient and may require a transport protein.

Answer:  E

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  7

 

 

38) Oxygen crosses a plasma membrane

1.    A) by osmosis.

2.    B) through simple diffusion.

3.    C) with the help of a nonspecific transporter.

4.    D) through facilitated diffusion.

5.    E) through porins.

Answer:  B

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  2

 

39) In a hypertonic solution, a bacterial cell will typically

1.    A) lyse.

2.    B) burst.

3.    C) stay the same.

4.    D) plasmolyze.

5.    E) osmolyze.

Answer:  D

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  2

 

40) What will happen if a bacterial cell is pretreated with a lysozyme solution, then placed in distilled water?

1.    A) The cell will plasmolyze.

2.    B) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.

3.    C) Water will leave the cell.

4.    D) Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell.

5.    E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.

Answer:  B

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  2

 

41) How do spirochetes and spirilla differ?

1.    A) Spirochetes do not have a cell wall but spirilla do.

2.    B) Spirilla are found in chains of cells whereas spirochetes exist as individual cells.

3.    C) Spirilla have an external flagella but spirochetes have axial filaments.

4.    D) Spirochetes have a rigid, corkscrew shape while spirilla are helical and more flexible.

5.    E) Spirochetes and spirilla are basically the same organisms and the terms can be used interchangeably.

Answer:  C

Section:  4.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.1

Learning Outcome:  4.2

Global Outcome:  2

 

42) Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

1.    A) metachromatic granules – phosphate storage

2.    B) lipid inclusions – energy reserve

3.    C) ribosomes – carbon storage

4.    D) sulfur granules – energy reserve

5.    E) gas vacuoles – flotation

Answer:  C

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  3.1

Learning Outcome:  4.10

Global Outcome:  7

 

43) Which of the following are NOT energy reserves?

1.    A) carboxysomes

2.    B) polysaccharide granules

3.    C) lipid inclusions

4.    D) ribosomes

5.    E) metachromatic granules

Answer:  A

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.1

Learning Outcome:  4.11

Global Outcome:  7

 

 

44) Which of the following is NOT a functionally analogous pair?

1.    A) nucleus -nucleiod region

2.    B) mitochondria – prokaryotic plasma membrane

3.    C) chloroplasts – thylakoids

4.    D) cilia – pili

5.    E) 9+2 flagella – bacterial flagella

Answer:  D

Section:  4.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  2.4

Learning Outcome:  4.13

Global Outcome:  2

45) The DNA found in most bacterial cells

1.    A) is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

2.    B) utilizes histones for chromosomal packaging.

3.    C) is circular in structure.

4.    D) is linear in structure.

5.    E) is found in multiple copies.

Answer:  C

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  2.1

Learning Outcome:  4.10

Global Outcome:  2

 

4.2   True/False Questions

 

1) The cell walls of bacteria are responsible for the shape of the bacteria and the difference in the Gram stain reaction.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  4.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.1

Learning Outcome:  4.2

Global Outcome:  2

 

2) Antibiotics that target the cell wall are an effective treatment against many pathogenic bacteria.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.2

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  7

 

 

3) Cells placed in a hypotonic solution tend to lose water due to osmotic pressure.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  2

 

4) Small, hydrophobic molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily by diffusion.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

Learning Outcome:  4.9

Global Outcome:  2

 

5) Spheroplasts, protoplasts, and mycoplasms are bacterial cells without cell walls.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

Learning Outcome:  4.7

6) Endospores are a reproductive structure.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  4.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.12

Global Outcome:  2

 

7) The internal structure of eukaryotic cilia and flagella are the same.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  4.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  2.4

Learning Outcome:  4.13

Global Outcome:  7

 

8) Many enzymes in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized within organelles.

Answer:  FALSE

Section:  4.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  2.4

Learning Outcome:  4.18

Global Outcome:  7

 

 

9) The number of organelles such as chloroplasts, mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum is the same in all eukaryotic cells.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  2

 

10) If you observe rod-shaped red cells after the Gram stain, you can assume their cell walls contain endotoxin.

Answer:  TRUE

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.3

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  2

 

4.3   Essay Questions

 

1) Compare and contrast the characteristics of a typical prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell.

Section:  4.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Synthesis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.4

Learning Outcome:  4.18

Global Outcome:  8

2) Provide evidence to substantiate the hypothesis that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotic cells.

Section:  4.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Synthesis

ASMcue Outcome:  1.1

Learning Outcome:  4.19

Global Outcome:  8

 

3) Compare and contrast gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls with regard to (a) sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, (b) resistance to phagocytosis, (c) chemical composition, and (d) decolorization by alcohol.

Section:  4.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Synthesis

ASMcue Outcome:  2.2

Learning Outcome:  4.5

Global Outcome:  8

 

 

4) What is a biofilm and what role does biofilm play in disease?

Section:  4.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Synthesis

ASMcue Outcome:  5.2

Learning Outcome:  4.3

Global Outcome:  8

Microbiology: An Introduction, 12e, (Tortora)

Chapter 7   The Control of Microbial Growth

 

7.1   Multiple-Choice Questions

 

1) Which of the following is the best method to sterilize heat-labile solutions?

1.    A) dry heat

2.    B) autoclave

3.    C) membrane filtration

4.    D) pasteurization

5.    E) freezing

Answer:  C

Section:  7.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.5

 

2) Which of the following best describes the pattern of microbial death?

1.    A) The cells in a population die at a constant rate.

2.    B) All the cells in a culture die at once.

3.    C) Not all of the cells in a culture are killed.

4.    D) The pattern varies depending on the antimicrobial agent.

5.    E) The pattern varies depending on the species.

Answer:  A

Section:  7.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.2

 

3) Which of the following chemical agents is used for sterilization?

1.    A) alcohol

2.    B) phenolics

3.    C) ethylene oxide

4.    D) chlorine

5.    E) soap

Answer:  C

Section:  7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.9

 

 

4) Which of the following substances is used for surgical hand scrubs?

1.    A) phenol

2.    B) chlorine bleach

3.    C) chlorhexidine

4.    D) soap

5.    E) glutaraldehyde

Answer:  C

Section:  7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.9

5) Which of the following pairs of terms is mismatched?

1.    A) bacteriostatic — kills vegetative bacterial cells

2.    B) germicide — kills microbes

3.    C) virucide — inactivates viruses

4.    D) sterilant — destroys all living microorganisms

5.    E) fungicide — kills yeasts and molds

Answer:  A

Section:  7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.1

 

6) The antimicrobial activity of chlorine is due to which of the following?

1.    A) the formation of hypochlorous acid

2.    B) the formation of hydrochloric acid

3.    C) the formation of ozone

4.    D) the formation of a hypochlorite ion

5.    E) disruption of the plasma membrane

Answer:  A

Section:  7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.10

 

7) Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?

1.    A) Contaminating organic debris such as blood or sputum decrease effectiveness.

2.    B) Some agents kill by denaturing microbial cell proteins.

3.    C) Some agents affect microbial cell membranes by dissolving lipids.

4.    D) Silver is used for treating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

5.    E) Alcohols effectively inactivate nonenveloped viruses by attacking lipids.

Answer:  E

Section:  7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.9

 

8) Which of the following does NOT achieve sterilization?

1.    A) dry heat

2.    B) pasteurization

3.    C) autoclave

4.    D) supercritical fluids

5.    E) ethylene oxide

Answer:  B

Section:  7.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.4

9) Which of the following is a limitation of the autoclave?

1.    A) It requires an excessively long time to achieve sterilization.

2.    B) It cannot inactivate viruses.

3.    C) It cannot kill endospores.

4.    D) It cannot be used with heat-labile materials.

5.    E) It cannot be used with glassware.

Answer:  D

Section:  7.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.4

 

10) An agent used to reduce the number of bacteria on a toilet would most accurately be called a(n)

1.    A) disinfectant.

2.    B) antiseptic.

3.    C) aseptic.

4.    D) fungicide.

5.    E) virucide.

Answer:  A

Section:  7.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.1

 

 

11) Application of heat to living cells can result in all of the following EXCEPT

1.    A) breaking of hydrogen bonds.

2.    B) alteration of membrane permeability.

3.    C) denaturation of enzymes.

4.    D) decreased thermal death time.

5.    E) damage to nucleic acids.

Answer:  D

Section:  7.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.2

 

12) Which of the following disinfectants acts by disrupting the plasma membrane?

1.    A) soaps

2.    B) aldehydes

3.    C) bisphenols

4.    D) halogens

5.    E) heavy metals

Answer:  C

Section:  7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.9

13) Oxidizing agents include all of the following EXCEPT

1.    A) chlorine.

2.    B) glutaraldehyde.

3.    C) hydrogen peroxide.

4.    D) iodine.

5.    E) ozone.

Answer:  B

Section:  7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.9

 

 

14) Disinfection of water is achieved by all of the following EXCEPT

1.    A) ozone.

2.    B) UV radiation.

3.    C) chlorine.

4.    D) copper sulfate.

5.    E) peracetic acid.

Answer:  E

Section:  7.4; 7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.7

Global Outcome:  5

 

15) All of the following substances are effective against nonenveloped viruses EXCEPT

1.    A) alcohol.

2.    B) chlorine.

3.    C) ethylene oxide.

4.    D) ozone.

5.    E) None of the answers is correct; all of these are equally effective against nonenveloped viruses.

Answer:  A

Section:  7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.9

 

16) Which of the following methods is used to preserve food by slowing the metabolic processes of foodborne microbes?

1.    A) lyophilization

2.    B) nonionizing radiation

3.    C) freezing

4.    D) ionizing radiation

5.    E) pasteurization

Answer:  C

Section:  7.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.5

Global Outcome:  5

 

17) Which concentration of ethanol is the most effective bactericide?

1.    A) 100 percent

2.    B) 70 percent

3.    C) 50 percent

4.    D) 40 percent

5.    E) 30 percent

Answer:  B

Section:  7.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.9

 

18) All of the following factors contribute to hospital-acquired infections EXCEPT

1.    A) some bacteria metabolize disinfectants.

2.    B) gram-negative bacteria are often resistant to disinfectants.

3.    C) invasive procedures can provide a portal of entry for bacteria.

4.    D) bacteria may be present in commercial products such as mouthwash.

5.    E) None of the answers is correct; all of these factors may contribute to hospital-acquired infection.

Answer:  E

Section:  7.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  5.4

Learning Outcome:  7.14

Global Outcome:  7

 

19) Which of the following treatments is the most effective for controlling microbial growth?

1.    A) 63°C for 30 minutes

2.    B) 72°C for 15 seconds

3.    C) 140°C for 4 seconds

4.    D) They are equivalent treatments.

5.    E) None of the answers is correct.

Answer:  D

Section:  7.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Knowledge

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.4

 

 

20) Which of the following could be used to sterilize plastic Petri plates in a plastic wrapper?

1.    A) autoclave

2.    B) gamma radiation

3.    C) microwaves

4.    D) sunlight

5.    E) ultraviolet radiation

Answer:  B

Section:  7.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.6

21) Which of the following regarding antimicrobial control agents is FALSE?

1.    A) Contaminating organic debris such as blood or sputum will decrease effectiveness.

2.    B) Some agents kill by denaturing microbial cell proteins.

3.    C) Some agents affect microbial cell membranes by dissolving lipids.

4.    D) Some agents are utilized as both an antiseptic and a disinfectant.

5.    E) A true antimicrobial control agent is equally effective against both bacteria and viruses.

Answer:  E

Section:  7.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Comprehension

ASMcue Outcome:  3.4

Learning Outcome:  7.3

 

 

Figure 7.1

 

 

A suspension of 106 Bacillus cereus endospores was put in a hot-air oven at 170°C. Plate counts were used to determine the number of endospores surviving at the time intervals shown.

 

22) In Figure 7.1, what is the thermal death time?

1.    A) 150°C

2.    B) 60 minutes

3.    C) 120 minutes

4.    D) 100°C

5.    E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided.

Answer:  B

Section:  7.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  7.2a

Learning Outcome:  7.2

Global Outcome:  3

23) In Figure 7.1, the thermal death point for this culture is

1.    A) 15 minutes.

2.    B) 50°C.

3.    C) 30 minutes.

4.    D) 170°C.

5.    E) The answer cannot be determined based on the information provided

Answer:  E

Section:  7.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  7.2a

Learning Outcome:  7.2

Global Outcome:  3

 

 

24) In Figure 7.1, the decimal reduction time (D value) for the culture, which is defined as the time to reduce a population by one log, is approximately

1.    A) 0 minutes.

2.    B) 10 minutes.

3.    C) 30 minutes.

4.    D) 40 minutes.

5.    E) 60 minutes.

Answer:  B

Section:  7.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy:  Analysis

ASMcue Outcome:  7.2a

Learning Outcome:  7.2

Global Outcome:  3