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Sample Test

 Chapter 03

Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) The appearance of gram-negative bacteria after addition of the mordant in the Gram stain. 1)
A) Purple B) Red C) Colorless D) Brown
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
2) Which microscope takes advantage of differences in the refractive indexes of cell structures? 2)
A) Fluorescence microscope
B) Darkfield microscope
C) Compound light microscope
D) Electron microscope
E) Phase-contrast microscope
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3) Which of the following is NOT correct? 3)
A) 1 μm = 103 nm
B) 1 nm = 10-9 m
C) 1 nm = 10-6 μm
D) 1 μm = 10-6 m
E) 1 μm = 10-3 mm
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
1
4) Which of the following microscopes uses visible light? 4)
A) DIC
B) Scanning acoustic microscope
C) Scanning electron microscope
D) Confocal microscope
E) Fluorescence microscope
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
5) Which microscope is used to observe a specimen that emits light when illuminated with an
ultraviolet light?
5)
A) Fluorescence microscope
B) Darkfield microscope
C) Phase-contrast microscope
D) Compound light microscope
E) Electron microscope
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
6) The best use of a negative stain is 6)
A) To determine cell size.
B) To determine cell shape.
C) To see endospores.
D) To determine Gram reaction.
E) A and B
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
7) The purpose of the ocular lens is to 7)
A) Decrease the refractive index.
B) Decrease the light.
C) Increase the light.
D) Improve resolution.
E) Magnify the image from the objective lens.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2
8) Simple staining is often necessary to improve contrast in this microscope. 8)
A) Fluorescence microscope
B) Electron microscope
C) Compound light microscope
D) Darkfield microscope
E) Phase-contrast microscope
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
9) Which microscope is used to see internal structures of cells in a natural state? 9)
A) Phase-contrast microscope
B) Compound light microscope
C) Darkfield microscope
D) Fluorescence microscope
E) Electron microscope
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
10) Place the steps of the Gram stain in the correct order:
1-Alcohol-acetone; 2-Crystal violet; 3-Safranin; 4-Iodine.
10)
A) 1-3-2-4 B) 2-1-4-3 C) 1-2-3-4 D) 2-4-1-3 E) 4-3-2-1
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
11) This microscope produces an image of a light cell against a dark background; internal structures
are NOT visible.
11)
A) Compound light microscope
B) Phase-contrast microscope
C) Darkfield microscope
D) Fluorescence microscope
E) Electron microscope
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3
12) Assume you stain Bacillus by applying malachite green with heat and then counterstaining with
safranin. Through the microscope, the green structures are
12)
A) Capsules.
B) Cell walls.
C) Flagella.
D) Endospores.
E) Can’t tell.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
13) Bacterial smears are fixed before staining to 13)
A) Kill the bacteria.
B) Affix the cells to the slide.
C) Make their walls permeable.
D) A and B.
E) Accept stain.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
14) The appearance of gram-positive bacteria after adding the counterstain in the Gram stain. 14)
A) Purple B) Red C) Colorless D) Brown
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
15) What is the total magnification of a chloroplast viewed with a 10x ocular lens and a 45x objective
lens?
15)
A) 45x B) 10x C) 100x D) 450x E) 4.5x
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
4
16) Van Leeuwenhoek’s microscope magnified up to 300x. This was a(n) 16)
A) Electron microscope.
B) Simple microscope.
C) Phase-contrast microscope.
D) Compound microscope.
E) Confocal microscope.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
17) Place the following steps in the correct sequence:
1-Staining; 2-Making a smear; 3-Fixing.
17)
A) 3-2-1
B) 1-2-3
C) 2-3-1
D) The order doesn’t matter
E) 1-3-2
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
18) The appearance of gram-negative bacteria after completing the Gram stain. 18)
A) Purple B) Red C) Colorless D) Brown
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
19) What structure does light pass through after leaving the condenser in a compound light
microscope?
19)
A) Objective lens B) Ocular lens C) Illuminator D) Specimen
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
5
20) You suspect a 100-nm structure is present in a cell. Which of the following provides the lowest
magnification that you can use to see this structure?
20)
A) Brightfield microscope
B) Transmission electron microscope
C) Darkfield microscope
D) Scanning electron microscope
E) Phase-contrast microscope
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
21) Which microscope uses two beams of light to produce a three-dimensional, color image? 21)
A) Electron microscope
B) Phase-contrast microscope
C) Fluorescence microscope
D) Darkfield microscope
E) DIC microscope
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
22) Which microscope achieves the highest magnification and greatest resolution? 22)
A) Compound light microscope
B) Phase-contrast microscope
C) Darkfield microscope
D) Fluorescence microscope
E) Electron microscope
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
23) In this microscope, the observer does NOT look at an image through a lens. 23)
A) Compound light microscope
B) Phase-contrast microscope
C) Darkfield microscope
D) Fluorescence microscope
E) Electron microscope
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
6
24) What Gram reaction do you expect from acid-fast bacteria? 24)
A) Gram-negative B) Gram-positive
C) Both gram-positive and gram-negative D) Can’t tell
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
25) Which of the following is NOT equal to 1 m? 25)
A) 10 dm B) 106 μm C) 0.001 km D) 109 nm E) 100 mm
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
26) The signal molecule produced in quorum sensing is 26)
A) An inducer.
B) A simple stain.
C) A counterstain.
D) An endospore.
E) Light.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
27) The counterstain in the Gram stain is 27)
A) A negative stain.
B) An acid dye.
C) A basic dye.
D) A mordant.
E) Necessary to determine the Gram reaction.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
7
Figure 3.1
28) In Figure 3.1, line “b.” points to the microscope’s 28)
A) Ocular lens. B) Illuminator. C) Condenser. D) Objective lens.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
29) Which microscope can be used to visualize DNA or botulinum toxin? 29)
A) Phase-contrast microscope
B) Confocal microscope
C) Scanning electron microscope
D) Scanning tunneling microscope
E) Compound light microscope
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
30) In which microscope does the image look like a negative stain? 30)
A) Scanning acoustic microscope
B) Darkfield microscope
C) Two-photon microscope
D) Fluorescence microscope
E) Phase-contrast microscope
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
8
31) The resolution of a microscope can be improved by changing the 31)
A) Wavelength of light.
B) Coarse adjustment.
C) Fine adjustment.
D) Diaphragm.
E) Condenser.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Figure 3.1
32) In Figure 3.1, line “c.” points to the microscope’s 32)
A) Ocular lens. B) Objective lens. C) Illuminator. D) Condenser.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
33) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 33)
A) Scanning tunneling microscope 􀁎 allows visualization of atoms
B) Fluorescence microscope 􀁎 uses a fluorescent light
C) Scanning electron microscope 􀁎 produces a three-dimensional image
D) Darkfield microscope 􀁎 uses visible light
E) Confocal microscope 􀁎 produces a three-dimensional image
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
9
34) Which microscope is used to see intracellular detail in a living cell? 34)
A) Two-photon microscope
B) Transmission electron microscope
C) Fluorescence microscope
D) Brightfield microscope
E) Atomic force microscope
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
35) Which microscope is most useful for visualizing a biofilm? 35)
A) Phase-contrast microscope
B) Transmission electron microscope
C) Atomic force microscope
D) Compound light microscope
E) Scanning acoustic microscope
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
36) Which microscope is used to see detail of a 300-nm virus? 36)
A) Fluorescence microscope
B) Electron microscope
C) Phase-contrast microscope
D) Darkfield microscope
E) DIC microscope
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
10
Figure 3.1
37) In Figure 3.1, line “a.” points to the microscope’s 37)
A) Illuminator. B) Condenser. C) Objective lens. D) Ocular lens.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
38) The purpose of a mordant in the Gram stain is 38)
A) To make the bacterial cells larger.
B) To prevent the crystal violet from leaving the cells.
C) To make gram-negative cells visible.
D) To make the flagella visible.
E) To remove the simple stain.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
39) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 39)
A) Crystal violet 􀁎 basic dye
B) Safranin 􀁎 acid dye
C) Alcohol-acetone 􀁎 decolorizer
D) Iodine 􀁎mordant
E) Carbolfuchsin 􀁎 basic dye
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
11
40) The appearance of gram-negative bacteria after addition of the decolorizing agent in the Gram
stain.
40)
A) Purple B) Red C) Colorless D) Brown
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
41) Which of the following pairs is mismatched? 41)
A) Acid-alcohol 􀁎 decolorizer
B) Gram-negative bacteria 􀁎 negative stain
C) Crystal violet 􀁎 simple stain
D) Iodine 􀁎 mordant
E) Alcohol-acetone 􀁎 decolorizer
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
42) Cells are differentiated after which step in the Gram stain? 42)
A) Alcohol-acetone B) Safranin
C) Iodine D) Crystal violet
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
43) You find colorless areas in cells in a Gram-stained smear. What should you do next? 43)
A) An acid-fast stain
B) A simple stain
C) A capsule stain
D) A flagella stain
E) An endospore stain
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
44) The appearance of gram-positive bacteria after addition of the first dye in the Gram stain. 44)
A) Purple B) Red C) Colorless D) Brown
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
12
45) The counterstain in the acid-fast stain is 45)
A) A basic dye.
B) A negative stain.
C) A mordant.
D) An acid dye.
E) Necessary to determine acid-fast cells.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
ESSAY. Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.
46) In 1884, Hans Christian Gram described a method of staining bacterial cells while not staining surrounding
animal tissues. However, he thought that the staining method he developed was faulty because not all bacteria
stained. In a letter to the editor of the journal in which Gram published his findings, write your response to
Gram’s concern.
Answer:
47) In 1877, Robert Koch thought preparing permanently stained slides would be valuable. Why was his assessment
correct?
Answer:
13
Answer Key
Testname: C3
1) A
2) E
3) C
4) A
5) A
6) E
7) E
8) C
9) A
10) D
11) C
12) D
13) D
14) A
15) D
16) B
17) C
18) B
19) D
20) D
21) E
22) E
23) E
24) B
25) E
26) A
27) C
28) D
29) D
30) B
31) A
32) D
33) B
34) A
35) E
36) B
37) D
38) B
39) B
40) C
41) B
42) A
43) E
44) A
45) A
46)
47)
14

 

Chapter 04

Exam
Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing characteristic of prokaryotic cells? 1)
A) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane.
B) Their DNA is not associated with histones.
C) They lack a plasma membrane.
D) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles.
E) They have cell walls containing peptidoglycan.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2) The best definition of osmotic pressure is 2)
A) The force with which a solvent moves across a semipermeable membrane from a higher to a
lower concentration.
B) The movement of solute molecules from a higher to a lower concentration.
C) The movement of a substance across a semipermeable membrane from a higher to a lower
concentration.
D) The movement of solute molecules from a lower to a higher concentration across a
semipermeable membrane.
E) The active transport of a substance out of a cell to maintain equilibrium.
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3) Which of the following statements about gram-negative cell walls is false? 3)
A) They are toxic to humans.
B) They protect the cell in a hypotonic environment.
C) They are sensitive to penicillin.
D) Their Gram reaction is due to the outer membrane.
E) They have an extra outer layer composed of lipoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and
phospholipids.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
1
Figure 4.3
4) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains porins? 4)
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Can’t tell
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
5) Which of the following are NOT energy reserves? 5)
A) Polysaccharide granules.
B) Carboxysomes.
C) Metachromatic granules.
D) Sulfur granules.
E) Lipid inclusions.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
2
6) Which of the following structures is NOT found in prokaryotic cells? 6)
A) Cilium
B) Flagellum
C) Peritrichous flagella
D) Pilus
E) Axial filament
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
7) Figure 4.4 shows movement across a plasma membrane. Which figure best represents an
aquaporin?
7)
A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
8) You have isolated a motile, gram-positive cell with no visible nucleus. You can safely assume that
the cell
8)
A) Has a nucleus.
B) Has 9 pairs + 2 flagella.
C) Lives in an extreme environment.
D) Has a cell wall.
E) Has a mitochondrion.
Answer: D
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
3
Figure 4.3
9) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall contains teichoic acids? 9)
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Can’t tell
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
10) Which of the following is NOT a possible function of magnetosomes? 10)
A) Store iron
B) Get cells to the North Pole
C) Locate suitable environments
D) Protect cells from hydrogen peroxide accumulation
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
4
Figure 4.4
11) Figure 4.4 shows movement across a plasma membrane. Which figure best represents a specific
transporter protein?
11)
A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
12) Which of the following pairs is NOT a functionally analogous pair? 12)
A) Nucleus 􀁎 nuclear region
B) 9+2 flagella 􀁎 bacterial flagella
C) Cilia 􀁎 pili
D) Chloroplasts 􀁎 thylakoids
E) Mitochondria 􀁎 prokaryotic plasma membrane
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
13) Which of the following is NOT a chemical component of a bacterial cell wall? 13)
A) Peptidoglycan
B) N-acetylmuramic acid
C) Cellulose
D) Teichoic acids
E) Peptide chains
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
5
14) What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in 10% NaCl with penicillin? 14)
A) Water will enter the cell.
B) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
C) The cell will plasmolyze.
D) Penicillin will diffuse into the cell.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
15) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the plasma membrane? 15)
A) Is selectively permeable
B) Maintains cell shape
C) Contains proteins
D) Is the site of cell wall formation
E) Is composed of a phospholipid bilayer
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
16) Which of the following statements about a gram-positive cell wall is false? 16)
A) It maintains the shape of the cell.
B) It is sensitive to lysozyme.
C) It is sensitive to penicillin.
D) It contains teichoic acids.
E) It protects the cell in a hypertonic environment.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
6
Figure 4.1
17) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 possesses an axial filament? 17)
A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Answer: A
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
18) Which one of the following pairs is mismatched? 18)
A) Sulfur granules 􀁎 energy reserve
B) Ribosomes 􀁎 protein storage
C) Lipid inclusions 􀁎 energy reserve
D) Metachromatic granules 􀁎 phosphate storage
E) Gas vacuoles 􀁎 flotation
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
19) Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is generally false? 19)
A) They lack membrane-bound nuclei.
B) They reproduce by binary fission.
C) They have a semirigid cell wall.
D) They are motile by means of flagella.
E) They possess 80S ribosomes.
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
7
20) Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a
solution containing 5% NaCl?
20)
A) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
B) Water will move out of the cell.
C) Water will move into the cell.
D) Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration.
E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
21) What will happen if a bacterial cell is placed in distilled water with lysozyme? 21)
A) Water will leave the cell.
B) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis.
C) No change will result; the solution is isotonic.
D) The cell will plasmolyze.
E) Lysozyme will diffuse into the cell.
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Figure 4.2
22) Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2? 22)
A) Monotrichous flagella
B) Amphitrichous flagella
C) Axial filament
D) Peritrichous flagella
E) Lophotrichous flagella
Answer: E
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
8
Figure 4.3
23) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is a toxic cell wall? 23)
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Can’t tell
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Figure 4.1
24) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a bacillius? 24)
A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
9
25) Which of the following organelles most closely resembles a prokaryotic cell? 25)
A) Cell wall
B) Golgi complex
C) Mitochondrion
D) Nucleus
E) Vacuole
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Figure 4.3
26) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall has a wall that protects against osmotic lysis? 26)
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Can’t tell
Answer: C
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
10
27) In Figure 4.3, which diagram of a cell wall is decolorized by acetone-alcohol? 27)
A) a
B) b
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
E) Can’t tell
Answer: B
Explanation: A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Figure 4.1
28) Which drawing in Figure 4.1 is a tetrad? 28)
A) a B) b C) c D) d E) e
Answer: B
Explanation: A)