Microbiology The Human Experience 1st Edition By John W. Foster – Test Bank
To Purchase
this Complete Test Bank with Answers Click the link Below
If face any problem or
Further information contact us At tbzuiqe@gmail.com
Sample Questions
Chapter 04: Living Chemistry: From Atoms to Cells
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which
bond type is the strongest in the aqueous cytoplasm of a cell?
|
a. |
covalent |
c. |
hydrophobic |
|
b. |
hydrogen |
d. |
ionic |
ANS:
A
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.1
OBJ: 4.1b Describe the types of bonds atoms can form
to make a molecule.
MSC: Applying
2. Molecules
with which kinds of bonds are hydrophobic?
|
a. |
hydrogen |
c. |
nonpolar covalent |
|
b. |
ionic |
d. |
polar covalent |
ANS:
C
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.1
OBJ: 4.1c Explain the special properties of the
water molecule, and distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic
molecules.
MSC:
Applying
3. Which
arrow is drawn to a hydrogen that can form a hydrogen bond with water?
|
a. |
1 |
c. |
3 |
|
b. |
2 |
d. |
4 |
ANS:
A
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.1
OBJ: 4.1c Explain the special properties of the
water molecule, and distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic
molecules.
MSC:
Applying
4. Molecules
that are soluble in water are ________ and molecules that are insoluble in
water are ________.
|
a. |
endergonic; exergonic |
c. |
hydrophobic; hydrophilic |
|
b. |
nonpolar; polar |
d. |
hydrophilic; hydrophobic |
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.1
OBJ: 4.1c Explain the special properties of the water
molecule, and distinguish between hydrophilic and hydrophobic
molecules.
MSC:
Remembering
5. Which
of the following molecular formulas might be of an organic molecule?
|
a. |
H2O |
c. |
CH4 |
|
b. |
C2H4O |
d. |
NH3 |
ANS:
B
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.2
OBJ: 4.2a Describe organic molecules, and explain
the role of functional groups and the formation of
macromolecules. MSC: Applying
6. What
type of cellular molecule is shown here?
|
a. |
a lipid |
c. |
a ribonucleic acid |
|
b. |
an amino acid |
d. |
a protein |
ANS:
A
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.2
OBJ: 4.2b Describe the structure of lipids and their
key functions within a cell.
MSC: Understanding
7. Which
of the following is a cellular function of lipids?
|
a. |
catalysis |
c. |
compartmentalization |
|
b. |
information storage |
d. |
sugar production |
ANS:
C
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.2
OBJ: 4.2b Describe the structure of lipids and their
key functions within a cell.
MSC: Understanding
8. Which
of the following is true of glycerol?
|
a. |
It is hydrophobic. |
c. |
It contains three amino
groups. |
|
b. |
It is a component of
proteins. |
d. |
It contains three hydroxyl
groups. |
ANS: D
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.2
OBJ: 4.2b Describe the structure of lipids and their
key functions within a cell.
MSC: Applying
9. Which
of the following is true of both lipids and sugars?
|
a. |
They both store energy. |
c. |
They are both hydrophilic. |
|
b. |
They are both hydrophobic. |
d. |
They both contain nitrogen. |
ANS:
A
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.2
OBJ: 4.2a Describe organic molecules, and explain
the role of functional groups and the formation of
macromolecules. MSC: Evaluating
10. What
kind of cellular molecule is shown here?
|
a. |
an amino acid |
c. |
a lipid |
|
b. |
glycerol |
d. |
a sugar |
ANS:
D
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.2
OBJ: 4.2c Describe the structure of sugars and
polysaccharides.
MSC: Understanding
11. Which
of the following is true of glucose?
|
a. |
It is a component of DNA
and RNA. |
|
b. |
It can form a ring
structure. |
|
c. |
It contains numerous amino
groups. |
|
d. |
It is a five-carbon sugar. |
ANS:
B
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.2
OBJ: 4.2c Describe the structure of sugars and
polysaccharides.
MSC: Understanding
12. Polysaccharides
are a polymer of what kind of monomer?
|
a. |
amino acids |
c. |
lipids |
|
b. |
deoxyribonucleotides |
d. |
sugars |
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.2
OBJ: 4.2c Describe the structure of sugars and
polysaccharides.
MSC: Remembering
13. What
organic molecule is shown here?
|
a. |
a sugar |
c. |
a nucleotide |
|
b. |
an amino acid |
d. |
a nucleic acid |
ANS:
C
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.3
OBJ: 4.3a Describe the structure of DNA, and explain
how DNA stores information in its sequence of base
pairs. MSC:
Remembering
14. DNA
is synthesized by enzymes that use which of the following as substrates?
|
a. |
NTPs |
c. |
NDPs |
|
b. |
dNTPs |
d. |
dNDPs |
ANS:
B
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.3
OBJ: 4.3a Describe the structure of DNA, and explain
how DNA stores information in its sequence of base
pairs.
MSC:
Understanding
15. The
enzyme commonly used in PCR, Taq polymerase, synthesizes what macromolecule?
|
a. |
DNA |
c. |
proteins |
|
b. |
RNA |
d. |
polysaccharides |
ANS: A
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.3
OBJ: 4.3a Describe the structure of DNA, and explain
how DNA stores information in its sequence of base
pairs.
MSC:
Understanding
16. A
cell’s genome consists of 20% thymine. What is the percentage of cytosine?
|
a. |
20% |
c. |
60% |
|
b. |
30% |
d. |
80% |
ANS:
B
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.3
OBJ: 4.3a Describe the structure of DNA, and explain
how DNA stores information in its sequence of base pairs.
MSC:
Applying
17. An
infectious agent remains infectious after treatment with an enzyme that
destroys DNA. What might the infectious agent be?
|
a. |
an archaeal cell |
c. |
a eukaryote |
|
b. |
a bacteria |
d. |
a virus |
ANS: D
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.3
OBJ: 4.3b Describe the structure and diverse
functions of RNA.
MSC: Evaluating
18. The
molecule shown here is a(n)
|
a. |
amino acid. |
c. |
deoxyribonucleotide. |
|
b. |
monosaccharide. |
d. |
ribonucleotide. |
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.3
OBJ: 4.3c Describe the fundamental structure of
proteins. MSC: Remembering
19. Regular,
repeating patterns over short regions of a protein are known as the protein’s
________ structure.
|
a. |
primary |
c. |
tertiary |
|
b. |
secondary |
d. |
quaternary |
ANS:
B
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.3
OBJ: 4.3c Describe the fundamental structure of
proteins. MSC: Remembering
20. In
this model of a cellular macromolecule, spirals represent alpha helices and
arrows represent beta sheets. What does the model represent?
|
a. |
an amino acid |
c. |
a ribonucleic acid |
|
b. |
a protein |
d. |
a polysaccharide |
ANS:
B
DIF: Easy
REF: 4.3
OBJ: 4.3c Describe the fundamental structure of
proteins. MSC: Applying
21. A
molecule of ATP undergoes hydrolysis yielding AMP and two molecules of
phosphate. Which of the following is true of this reaction?
|
a. |
The entropy has decreased. |
|
b. |
The change in free energy,
DG, is positive. |
|
c. |
The change in free energy,
DG, is negative. |
|
d. |
The reaction is endergonic. |
ANS:
C
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.4
OBJ: 4.4a Explain how energy and entropy determine
the direction of reactions.
MSC: Analyzing
22. Which
of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between DG
and Keq?
|
a. |
There is no relationship,
as they are independent entities. |
|
b. |
When Keq is greater than 1, DG
is negative. |
|
c. |
When Keq is greater than 1, DG
is positive. |
|
d. |
When Keq is less than 1, DG is
negative. |
ANS:
B
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.4
OBJ: 4.4a Explain how energy and entropy determine
the direction of reactions.
MSC: Understanding
23. In a
reaction where substrates A and B combine to form products C and D (A+B yields
C+D), which of the following could drive the reaction to the right toward
products?
|
a. |
decreasing the
concentration of A |
c. |
increasing the
concentration of C |
|
b. |
decreasing the
concentration of B |
d. |
decreasing the
concentration of D |
ANS:
D
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.4
OBJ: 4.4a Explain how energy and entropy determine
the direction of reactions.
MSC: Evaluating
24. The
second law of thermodynamics states that
|
a. |
energy is neither created
nor destroyed. |
|
b. |
matter is neither created
nor destroyed. |
|
c. |
in energy transformations,
disorder tends to increase. |
|
d. |
in energy transformations,
disorder tends to decrease. |
ANS:
C
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.4
OBJ: 4.4a Explain how energy and entropy determine
the direction of reactions.
MSC: Understanding
25. A
reaction with a positive DG and low activation energy will be
|
a. |
spontaneous and slow. |
c. |
endergonic and fast. |
|
b. |
exergonic and fast. |
d. |
endergonic and slow. |
ANS:
C
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.4
OBJ: 4.4c Explain how enzymes catalyze reactions and
how various factors influence the rate of reaction.
MSC: Analyzing
26. The
most typical way for a cell to increase the rate of a reaction is by
|
a. |
increasing the cell’s
temperature. |
c. |
decreasing the cell’s pH. |
|
b. |
increasing the cell’s pH. |
d. |
using an enzyme. |
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.4
OBJ: 4.4c Explain how enzymes catalyze reactions and
how various factors influence the rate of reaction.
MSC: Understanding
27. An
exergonic reaction may still be slow if
|
a. |
the activation energy is
high. |
c. |
product concentrations are
low. |
|
b. |
an enzyme is present. |
d. |
reactant concentrations are
high. |
ANS:
A
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.4
OBJ: 4.4c Explain how enzymes catalyze reactions and
how various factors influence the rate of reaction.
MSC: Analyzing
28. Fill
in the blanks with the pair of words below that make the following sentence
correct:
NADH is ________ compared to NAD+ because NADH has gained ________.
|
a. |
oxidized; electrons |
c. |
reduced; electrons |
|
b. |
oxidized; neutrons |
d. |
reduced; neutrons |
ANS:
C
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.4
OBJ: 4.4b Describe the oxidation-reduction changes
that occur during reactions.
MSC: Understanding
29. Which
statement accurately describes membrane phospholipids?
|
a. |
They are entirely
hydrophobic. |
|
b. |
They are entirely
hydrophilic. |
|
c. |
They have hydrophilic
phosphate head groups and hydrophobic fatty acid tails. |
|
d. |
They have hydrophobic
phosphate head groups and hydrophilic fatty acid tails. |
ANS:
C
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.5
OBJ: 4.5a Describe the structure of cellular
membranes. MSC:
Understanding
30. In a
cell membrane, phosphate head groups
|
a. |
only face the extracellular
environment. |
|
b. |
only face the aqueous
cytoplasm. |
|
c. |
bind each other via ionic
bonds in the interior of the membrane. |
|
d. |
face both the extracellular
environment and the cytoplasm. |
ANS: D
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.5
OBJ: 4.5a Describe the structure of cellular
membranes. MSC:
Remembering
31. Which
of the following molecules would require a transmembrane protein in order to
cross a cell membrane?
|
a. |
O2 |
c. |
CO2 |
|
b. |
H2O |
d. |
Na+ |
ANS:
D
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.5
OBJ: 4.5b Explain the concept of selective
permeability of a membrane.
MSC: Applying
32. Weak
acids can
|
a. |
never cross cell membranes. |
|
b. |
cross cell membranes in
their uncharged form. |
|
c. |
cross cell membranes in
their charged form. |
|
d. |
only cross cell membranes
with the aid of a transmembrane protein. |
ANS:
B
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.5
OBJ: 4.5b Explain the concept of selective
permeability of a membrane.
MSC: Understanding
33. You
place water containing a radioactive isotope of hydrogen on the outside of a
cell. Which of the following will increase the rate at which radioactive water
appears on the inside of the cell?
|
a. |
a decrease in temperature |
|
b. |
an increase in unsaturated
fatty acids |
|
c. |
an increase in the fatty
acid tail length |
|
d. |
a decrease in membrane
surface area |
ANS:
B
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.5
OBJ: 4.5c Explain how membranes compartmentalize
cells and control the movement of a cell’s
molecules.
MSC:
Evaluating
34. There
is no net movement of water into or out of cells when the cells are in which
type of environment?
|
a. |
isotonic |
c. |
hyperosmotic |
|
b. |
hypertonic |
d. |
hypotonic |
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.5
OBJ: 4.5d Describe the effect of osmosis on
cells.
MSC: Remembering
35. The
bacterial cell wall offers protection against what type of environment?
|
a. |
isotonic |
c. |
hypotonic |
|
b. |
hypertonic |
d. |
endergonic |
ANS:
C
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.5
OBJ: 4.5d Describe the effect of osmosis on cells.
MSC: Understanding
36. Endosomes
and phagosomes are both types of
|
a. |
catalysts. |
c. |
pseudopods. |
|
b. |
oxidizing agents. |
d. |
vesicles. |
ANS:
D
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.6
OBJ: 4.6a Describe how endocytosis and phagocytosis
transport material into a eukaryotic cell.
MSC: Analyzing
37. Fill
in the blanks with the pair of words below that make the sentence correct.
________ takes up small extracellular particles via membrane invaginations
while ________ takes up larger particles.
|
a. |
Endocytosis; phagocytosis |
c. |
A pseudopod; endocytosis |
|
b. |
Phagocytosis; endocytosis |
d. |
A pseudopod; a lysosome |
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.6
OBJ: 4.6a Describe how endocytosis and phagocytosis
transport material into a eukaryotic cell.
MSC: Remembering
38. This
image shows the effects of cholera toxin on intestinal cells. Which numbered
arrow indicates the step of the toxin entering a cell via endocytosis?
|
a. |
1 |
c. |
3 |
|
b. |
2 |
d. |
4 |
ANS:
B
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.6
OBJ: 4.6b Explain how pathogens take advantage of
endocytosis and phagocytosis.
MSC: Understanding
39. Bacteria
within a phagosome may be destroyed by the fusing of the phagosome with which
acidic eukaryotic organelle?
|
a. |
endoplasmic reticulum |
c. |
lysosome |
|
b. |
pseudopod |
d. |
vesicle |
ANS:
C
DIF: Moderate
REF: 4.6
OBJ: 4.6b Explain how pathogens take advantage of endocytosis
and phagocytosis.
MSC: Remembering
40. You
fluorescently label the phospholipid head groups of a small number of
phospholipids in the outer leaflet of the cell membrane to observe them over
time with a microscope. At time zero, all the fluorescent label is concentrated
in one spot. What will you observe at a later time point?
|
a. |
The fluorescently tagged
phospholipids will still be together, concentrated in a spot. |
|
b. |
The fluorescently tagged
phospholipids will be spread out, but will still all be part of the outer
leaflet. |
|
c. |
The fluorescently tagged
phospholipids will be spread out in the outer leaflet and some will have
flip-flopped into the inner leaflet as well. |
|
d. |
It is impossible to predict
what will happen to the labeled phospholipids over time. |
ANS:
B
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.5
OBJ: 4.5a Describe the structure of cellular
membranes. MSC: Applying
41. CASE
HISTORY
In October 2013, Kelsey was a 28-year-old computer programmer
who worked for a prominent technology firm in Silicon Valley. In the middle of
the night, Kelsey awoke with abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Her temperature
spiked as high as 40°C (104°F). She had a bad headache and could
not retain sufficient fluids. After three days, her fever subsided, but the
diarrhea continued (about 20 times a day) and began showing blood. Kelsey was
admitted to the hospital, where she was given intravenous fluids to control her
dehydration. The physician asked her about her dietary history preceding the
onset of symptoms. Kelsey recalled that the night before onset, she had eaten
rotisserie chicken cooked at the supermarket. An antibody test confirmed the
diagnosis of Salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg. Because of the severity of her
symptoms, Kelsey was treated with antibiotics, although sometimes antibiotics
may prolong the persistence of Salmonella. When amoxicillin failed to control
the infection because of bacterial resistance, ciprofloxacin was used.
Ultimately, Kelsey’s illness was one of more than 400 cases in 23 states traced
to contaminated chicken from one California farm. Kelsey recovered, but three
months later, S. heidelberg could
still be detected in her feces.
Kelsey’s diarrhea could be caused by which of the following:
|
a. |
The Salmonella infection
created an isotonic environment
in the lumen of Kelsey’s gut, leading water to leave her epithelial cells. |
|
b. |
The Salmonella infection
created a hypertonic environment
in the lumen of Kelsey’s gut, leading water to leave her epithelial cells. |
|
c. |
The Salmonella infection
created an acidic environment
in the lumen of Kelsey’s gut, leading water to leave her epithelial cells. |
|
d. |
The Salmonella infection
created an oxidizing environment
in the lumen of Kelsey’s gut, leading water to leave her epithelial cells. |
ANS:
B
DIF:
Easy
REF: Case History 4.1
OBJ: 4.5d Describe the effect of osmosis on
cells.
MSC: Understanding
COMPLETION
1. Shown
are four different representations of methane. Letter ________ shows a
space-filling model.
A
B
C
D
ANS: C
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.1
OBJ: 4.1a Describe how atoms form the molecules of
life. MSC: Remembering
2. Shown
are four different representations of methane. Letter ________ shows a
structural formula.
A
B
C
D
ANS: B
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.1
OBJ: 4.1a Describe how atoms form the molecules of
life. MSC: Remembering
3. Shown
is the outer electron shell of nitrogen. Nitrogen will form ________ bonds with
other atoms.
ANS: 3
DIF:
Moderate REF: 4.1
OBJ: 4.1a Describe how atoms form the molecules of
life. MSC: Understanding
4. The
sharing of electrons between two atoms forms ________ bonds.
ANS: covalent
DIF:
Moderate REF: 4.1
OBJ: 4.1b Describe the types of bonds atoms can form
to make a molecule.
MSC: Remembering
5. ________
is the general name for a six-carbon sugar.
ANS: Hexose
DIF:
Moderate REF: 4.2
OBJ: 4.2c Describe the structure of sugars and
polysaccharides.
MSC: Remembering
6. Redox
reactions involve the movement of ________ from one molecule or atom to
another.
ANS: electrons
DIF:
Easy
REF: 4.4
OBJ: 4.4b Describe the oxidation-reduction changes
that occur during reactions.
MSC: Remembering
SHORT ANSWER
1. Describe
the difference between ionic and hydrogen bonds.
ANS:
Ionic bonds are electrostatic attractions between atoms having
full positive and negative charges (i.e., cations and anions). Hydrogen bonds
are weaker and occur between atoms having partial positive and negative charges.
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.1
OBJ: 4.1b Describe the types of bonds atoms can form
to make a molecule.
MSC: Analyzing
2. What
is a condensation reaction?
ANS:
A condensation reaction occurs when water is released as a
product when two monomers join together via a covalent bond. Examples include
fatty acids condensing with glycerol to form triglycerides and the joining of
two amino acids during peptide bond formation.
DIF:
Moderate REF: 4.2
OBJ: 4.2a Describe organic molecules, and explain
the role of functional groups and the formation of
macromolecules. MSC: Understanding
3. What
are some structural differences between cellular DNA and RNA?
ANS:
DNA is double stranded and contains the sugar deoxyribose and
the base thymine. RNA is single stranded and contains the sugar ribose and the
base uracil instead of thymine.
DIF:
Moderate REF: 4.3
OBJ: 4.3b Describe the structure and diverse
functions of RNA.
MSC: Analyzing
4. What
does amphipathic mean?
ANS:
Amphipathic refers to a molecule that has both hydrophilic and
hydrophobic regions. Phospholipids are an example of amphipathic molecules.
DIF:
Moderate REF:
4.5
OBJ: 4.5a Describe the structure of cellular membranes.
MSC: Understanding
5. What
is osmosis and why is it important for cells to maintain osmotic balance?
ANS:
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from areas of high water
concentration to areas of low water concentration. It is important for cells to
maintain water balance because an influx of water can cause cells to swell (and
potentially burst) while a net efflux of water can shrink cells and cause
abnormally high cell-solute concentrations.
DIF:
Difficult REF:
4.5
OBJ: 4.5d Describe the effect of osmosis on cells.
MSC: Understanding
6. The
molecular formula of the amino acid glycine is C2H5NO2.
What is the molecular formula of a glycine pentapeptide?
ANS:
C10H25N5O10
DIF:
Difficult REF: 4.3
OBJ: 4.3c Describe the fundamental structure of
proteins. MSC: Applying
7. CASE
HISTORY
Water is the most abundant molecule of life—but too much water
can be deadly. In the summer of 2010, heavy rains flooded Pakistan, submerging
one-fifth of the country. Millions of people were displaced and exposed to
water contaminated by microbial pathogens. Diarrheal disease threatened many,
especially children.
A ten-year-old boy named Akal developed profuse diarrhea. He
showed extreme thirst, but clean drinking water was unavailable. His diarrhea
became watery and cloudy with white flecks of intestinal mucus (known as
rice-water stool). Akal became listless, his eyes sunken and his skin wrinkled
from dehydration.
A nurse observed a sample of Akal’s diarrheal fluid under darkfield
microscopy. Numerous bacteria swam rapidly, appearing like “twinkling stars.”
The bacteria, comma-shaped bacilli, stained Gram negative.
Later testing confirmed Vibrio cholerae, the cause of cholera. These
bacteria produce cholera toxin, a protein complex that causes intestinal
epithelial cells to secrete large amounts of chloride ion (Cl–).
The high chloride concentration draws out the positively charged sodium ions
(Na+). The increased extracellular salt (Na+ and
Cl–, or NaCl) causes water to diffuse out of
the epithelial cells, leading to dehydration and diarrhea. Without treatment,
Akal’s chance of death was 50%.
Akal was treated with oral rehydration therapy (ORT), a method
invented by Bangladeshi physicians. ORT involves gradual feeding of a solution
containing glucose and NaCl to replace ions and water lost through the
diarrhea. Within hours, Akal’s flesh had rehydrated, and within a week he made
a full recovery.
Explain the properties of cell membranes that lead to the loss
of water from epithelial cells in response to cholera toxin.
ANS:
Students should discuss selective permeability of the membrane
and its relationship to water and the ions mentioned in the case history.
DIF:
Moderate REF: Chapter 4
Introduction
OBJ: 4.5b Explain the concept of selective
permeability of a membrane.
MSC: Applying
8. CASE
HISTORY
In October 2013, Kelsey was a 28-year-old computer programmer
who worked for a prominent technology firm in Silicon Valley. In the middle of
the night, Kelsey awoke with abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Her temperature
spiked as high as 40°C (104°F). She had a bad headache and could not retain
sufficient fluids. After three days, her fever subsided, but the diarrhea
continued (about 20 times a day) and began showing blood. Kelsey was admitted
to the hospital, where she was given intravenous fluids to control her
dehydration. The physician asked her about her dietary history preceding the
onset of symptoms. Kelsey recalled that the night before onset, she had eaten
rotisserie chicken cooked at the supermarket. An antibody test confirmed the
diagnosis of Salmonella enterica serovar heidelberg. Because of the severity of her
symptoms, Kelsey was treated with antibiotics, although sometimes antibiotics
may prolong the persistence of Salmonella. When amoxicillin failed to control
the infection because of bacterial resistance, ciprofloxacin was used.
Ultimately, Kelsey’s illness was one of more than 400 cases in 23 states traced
to contaminated chicken from one California farm. Kelsey recovered, but three
months later, S. heidelberg could still be detected in her
feces.
Kelsey’s illness is caused by a facultative intracellular
bacterium, meaning when causing infection it may enter human cells. Explain the
process by which large particles such as a bacterial cell can enter membrane
covered cells like human intestinal epithelia.
ANS:
Students should discuss endocytosis. Advanced students may note
that this is induced by the bacterium in the case of Salmonella.
DIF:
Moderate REF: Case
History 4.1
OBJ: 4.6a Describe how endocytosis and phagocytosis
transport material into a eukaryotic cell.
MSC: Understanding
Chapter 08: Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The
image shown is a space-filling model of
|
a. |
DNA. |
c. |
protein. |
|
b. |
peptidoglycan. |
d. |
lipid. |
ANS:
A
DIF:
Easy
REF: 8.1
OBJ: 8.1a Describe the structure of a bacterial
genome, and explain how it differs from a eukaryotic
genome.
MSC:
Understanding
2. Which
of the following is found in eukaryotic but not prokaryotic genomes?
|
a. |
promoters |
c. |
introns |
|
b. |
operons |
d. |
genes |
ANS:
C
DIF: Moderate
REF: 8.1
OBJ: 8.1a Describe the structure of a bacterial
genome, and explain how it differs from a eukaryotic
genome.
MSC:
Remembering
3. Each
bacterial species has a unique
|
a. |
cell shape. |
c. |
genome. |
|
b. |
cell wall. |
d. |
glycolytic pathway. |
ANS:
C
DIF:
Easy
REF: 8.1
OBJ: 8.1a Describe the structure of a bacterial
genome, and explain how it differs from a eukaryotic
genome.
MSC:
Understanding
4. Which
of the following is true of plasmids?
|
a. |
They can be the entire
genome. |
|
b. |
They are common in
eukaryotic cells. |
|
c. |
They are usually linear. |
|
d. |
They may contain antibiotic
resistance genes. |
ANS:
D
DIF: Easy
REF: 8.1
OBJ: 8.1b Explain what a plasmid is, and describe
the role of plasmids in the spread of antibiotic resistance
genes.
MSC:
Remembering
5. Plasmids
usually contain genes that are
|
a. |
important for cell survival
in all environments. |
|
b. |
important for cell survival
in particular environments. |
|
c. |
not important for cell
survival in any environments. |
|
d. |
composed of single-stranded
DNA. |
ANS:
B
DIF: Moderate
REF: 8.1
OBJ: 8.1b Explain what a plasmid is, and describe
the role of plasmids in the spread of antibiotic resistance
genes.
MSC:
Understanding
Comments
Post a Comment