Microbiology 1st Edition By Wessner – Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Test

Package Title: Test Bank

Course Title: Wessner1e

Chapter Number: 3

 

 

Question Type: Multiple Choice

 

 

1) What is the defining organelle of eukaryal cells?

 

1.    a) mitochondron

2.    b) chloroplast

3.    c) Golgi apparatus

4.    d) nucleus

5.    e) lysosome

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

2) Eukaryal proteins that are secreted outside of the cell undergo modification before secretion. Which organelles are involved in this secretion pathway?

 

1.    a) the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

2.    b) the mitochondria and Golgi apparatus

3.    c) the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus

4.    d) the endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome

5.    e) the lysosome and mitochondria

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

3) Molecular chaperones are proteins involved in which eukaryal cell process?

 

1.    a) transcription

2.    b) translation

3.    c) mitosis

4.    d) protein folding

5.    e) energy production

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

4) Eukaryal proteins undergo various chemical modifications after the translational process to ensure correct folding of the protein for optimal activity. Which of these are examples of such modifications?

 

1.    a) hydrogen bond formation and disulfide bond formation

2.    b) attachment of lipids and glucose molecules

3.    c) acetylation and phosphorylation

4.    d) hydrogen bond formation, disulfide bond formation, acetylation and phosphorylation are correct

5.    e) all of these choices are correct

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

5) Which of these best describes chemiosmosis?

 

1.    a) The movement of water across a biological membrane into or out of a cell.

2.    b) The movement of protons across a biological membrane for energy production.

3.    c) The movement of organic nutrients across a biological membrane into or out of a cell.

4.    d) The movement of inorganic nutrients across a biological membrane into or out of a cell.

5.    e) The production of energy as a result of the reactions occurring in the glycolytic pathway.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

6) Which statement below is FALSE regarding mitochondria and chloroplasts?

 

1.    a) Both contain DNA.

2.    b) Both replicate independently of the host cell.

3.    c) Both function in energy generation.

4.    d) Both contain the enzymes for the glycolytic pathway.

5.    e) Both contain inner membranes.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

7) Which of these best represents the component(s) of the plasma membrane of eukaryal cells?

 

1.    a) phospholipids only

2.    b) phospholipids and sterols

3.    c) phospholipids and proteins.

4.    d) phospholipids, proteins, and sterols

5.    e) proteins and sterols

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

8) What is the basic chemical structure of a phospholipid in a eukaryal cell?

 

1.    a) A glycerol molecule with cholesterol attached.

2.    b) A fatty acid with a phosphate attached at the carboxyl end.

3.    c) A glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate attached.

4.    d) A glycerol molecule with two phosphates and a fatty acid attached.

5.    e) A glycerol molecule with cholesterol and phosphate attached.

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

9) What is the function of sterols in the eukaryal membrane?

 

1.    a) To increase membrane fluidity.

2.    b) To help stabilize the membrane.

3.    c) To aid in transport of nutrients into the cell.

4.    d) To participate in the synthesis and assembly of lipids in the membrane.

5.    e) To contribute to cell movement.

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

10) Chitin, a component of the fungal cell wall, is a polymer composed of _____.

 

1.    a) amino acids

2.    b) glucose

3.    c) acetyl-glucosamine

4.    d) silica dioxide

5.    e) dipicolinic acid

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

11) What are the three major structures that comprise the eukaryal cytoskeleton?

 

1.    a) microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

2.    b) centromeres, microtubules, and microfilaments

3.    c) telomeres, centromeres, and microtubules

4.    d) telomeres, microtubules, and microfilaments

5.    e) telomeres, centromeres, and microfilaments

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

12) Microtubules are composed of which protein?

 

1.    a) actin

2.    b) myosin

3.    c) tubulin

4.    d) flagellin

5.    e) keratin

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

13) Movement of the eukaryal cilia and flagella involves interaction between dynein motor proteins and _____ .

 

1.    a) microtubules

2.    b) microfilaments

3.    c) intermediate filaments

4.    d) PMF driven motors in the membrane

5.    e) intermediate filaments and actin

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

14) Which of these is a fungus widely used by molecular biologists to investigate the workings of eukaryal cells?

 

1.    a) Giardia lamblia

2.    b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

3.    c) Dictyostelium discoideum

4.    d) Penicillium notatum

5.    e) Cephalosporium acremonium

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Explain how eukaryal organisms are categorized,  giving examples of several microbes.

Section Reference: Section 3.2 Diversity of eukaryal microbes

 

 

15) What is the slime-mold Dictyostelium discoideum commonly used to study?

 

1.    a) the fungal life cycle

2.    b) evolution of multi-cellularity

3.    c) flagella movement

4.    d) cell wall synthesis

5.    e) cyst formation

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Explain how eukaryal organisms are categorized,  giving examples of several microbes.

Section Reference: Section 3.2 Diversity of eukaryal microbes

 

 

16) Which alga is commonly used as a model eukaryal organism to study flagellar operation?

 

1.    a) Synechococcus elongatus

2.    b) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

3.    c) Euglena gracilis

4.    d) Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

5.    e) Trypanosoma cruzi

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Explain how eukaryal organisms are categorized,  giving examples of several microbes.

Section Reference: Section 3.2 Diversity of eukaryal microbes

 

 

17) Which of these best describes the process of meiosis in eukaryal cells?

 

1.    a) Asexual reproduction.

2.    b) Two rounds of DNA replication followed by cell division.

3.    c) The combining of two gametes.

4.    d) DNA replication followed by two cell divisions.

5.    e) The asexual production of diploid cells.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Explain the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

Section Reference: Section 3.3 Replication of eukaryal microbes

 

 

18) The result of meiosis is the production of:

 

1.    a) four haploid cells.

2.    b) two diploid cells.

3.    c) two haploid cells.

4.    d) four diploid cells.

5.    e) two haploid cells and two diploid cells.

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Explain the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

Section Reference: Section 3.3 Replication of eukaryal microbes

 

 

19) When the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae completes meiosis, the resulting ascospores:

 

1.    a) always combine to form a diploid cell.

2.    b) will continue to replicate asexually as haploid cells.

3.    c) may combine to form a diploid cell or replicate as haploid cells.

4.    d) are all genetically identical.

5.    e) will immediately undergo meiosis a second time.

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Explain the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

Section Reference: Section 3.3 Replication of eukaryal microbes

 

 

20) A haploid Chlamydomonas replicates asexually under favorable environmental conditions. What happens when growth conditions deteriorate?

 

1.    a) It becomes motile.

2.    b) It stops growing.

3.    c) It changes morphologically to form large aggregates.

4.    d) It changes into a gamete and fuses with another gamete.

5.    e) It changes morphologically into a spore for survival.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Explain the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

Section Reference: Section 3.3 Replication of eukaryal microbes

 

 

21) Haploid Dictyostelium replicate by mitosis when nutrients are plentiful. What happens when growth conditions deteriorate?

 

1.    a) The cells change morphologically into a resilient structure called a cyst.

2.    b) The cells change into a gamete and fuse with another gamete to produce a zygote.

3.    c) The cells become motile by means of a flagellum and move on to another food source.

4.    d) The cells aggregate to form a multicellular slug.

5.    e) The cells stop growing.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Explain the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

Section Reference: Section 3.3 Replication of eukaryal microbes

 

 

22) The eukaryal cell emerged on Earth approximately ______ years ago.

 

1.    a) four billion

2.    b) three billion

3.    c) two billion

4.    d) one billion

5.    e) 500 million

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Explain the evidence behind the endosymbiotic theory.

Section Reference: Section 3.4 The origin of eukaryal cells

 

 

23) The Endosymbiotic Theory is used to explain the origin of the ____ in the eukaryotic cell.

 

1.    a) chromosome

2.    b) ribosome

3.    c) mitochondrion

4.    d) lysosome

5.    e) vacuole

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Explain the evidence behind the endosymbiotic theory.

Section Reference: Section 3.4 The origin of eukaryal cells

 

 

24 What are the two lines of evidence that support the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of chloroplasts?

 

1.    a) They divide by mitosis and are approximately the same size as bacteria.

2.    b) They are a unit membrane enclosed structure and they divide by mitosis.

3.    c) They contain DNA and they divide by mitosis.

4.    d) They divide by binary fission and they contain DNA.

5.    e) They are a unit membrane enclosed structure and they contain DNA.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Explain the evidence behind the endosymbiotic theory.

Section Reference: Section 3.4 The origin of eukaryal cells

 

 

25) Chloroplasts most likely originated from which of these independent organisms?

 

1.    a) alpha-proteobacteria

2.    b) anoxygenic photobacteria

3.    c) gamma-proteobacteria

4.    d) purple sulfur bacteria

5.    e) cyanobacteriia

 

Answer: e

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Explain the evidence behind the endosymbiotic theory.

Section Reference: Section 3.4 The origin of eukaryal cells

 

 

26) All mitochondria contain DNA that shares sequence similarity with bacteria from the Phylum _____ .

 

1.    a) Firmicutes

2.    b) Proteobacteria.

3.    c) Fusobacteria

4.    d) Aquificales

5.    e) Synergistes

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Explain the evidence behind the endosymbiotic theory.

Section Reference: Section 3.4 The origin of eukaryal cells

 

 

27) Amitochondriates are eukaryal microbes that lack mitochondria. What evidence shows that some of these microbes may at one time have had mitochondria?

 

1.    a) They can respire on oxygen.

2.    b) They have peptidoglycan in their cell wall.

3.    c) They have 70S ribosomes.

4.    d) They have some alpha-proteobacterium DNA in their chromosome.

5.    e) They have circular chromosomes.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Explain the evidence behind the endosymbiotic theory.

Section Reference: Section 3.4 The origin of eukaryal cells

 

 

28) Which one of the following statements DOES NOT support the Endosymbiotic Theory for the origin of mitochondria?

 

1.    a) The mitochondria divides by binary fission.

2.    b) The mitochondria contains DNA related to bacterial DNA.

3.    c) The mitochondria contains lipids similar to bacterial lipids.

4.    d) The mitochondria replicates on the same cycle as the nucleus.

5.    e) The mitochondria is the approximate shape and size of a bacterium.

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Explain the evidence behind the endosymbiotic theory.

Section Reference: Section 3.4 The origin of eukaryal cells

 

 

29) Which of these is an example of an insect-borne disease caused by a eukaryal microbe?

 

1.    a) malaria

2.    b) histoplasmosis

3.    c) tuberculosis

4.    d) cryptosporidiosis

5.    e) Rocky Mountain Spotted-Fever

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Describe the roles of eukaryal organisms in various ecosystems and human medicine.

Section Reference: Section 3.5 Interactions between eukaryal microbes and animals, plants, and the environment

 

 

30) Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted to humans by the tsetse fly and causes which disease?

 

1.    a) malaria

2.    b) histoplasmosis

3.    c) African sleeping sickness

4.    d) cryptosporidiosis

5.    e) tuberculosis

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Describe the roles of eukaryal organisms in various ecosystems and human medicine.

Section Reference: Section 3.5 Interactions between eukaryal microbes and animals, plants, and the environment

 

 

31) Which of these is an example of a eukaryal intestinal pathogen that is transmitted to humans through contaminated food and water?

 

1.    a) Epulopiscium fischeri

2.    b) Plasmodium vivax

3.    c) Giardia lamblia

4.    d) Listeria monocytogenes

5.    e) Legionella pneumophila

 

Answer: c

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Describe the roles of eukaryal organisms in various ecosystems and human medicine.

Section Reference: Section 3.5 Interactions between eukaryal microbes and animals, plants, and the environment

 

 

32) Which of these diseases is caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

 

1.    a) severe dysentery

2.    b) malaria

3.    c) pneumonia

4.    d) tuberculosis

5.    e) African sleeping sickness

 

Answer: a

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Describe the roles of eukaryal organisms in various ecosystems and human medicine.

Section Reference: Section 3.5 Interactions between eukaryal microbes and animals, plants, and the environment

 

 

33) Which of these organisms causes Athlete’s foot?

 

1.    a) a slime mold

2.    b) a fungus

3.    c) an amoeba

4.    d) a protozoan

5.    e) a bacterium

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Describe the roles of eukaryal organisms in various ecosystems and human medicine.

Section Reference: Section 3.5 Interactions between eukaryal microbes and animals, plants, and the environment

 

 

34) What are the main eukaryal pathogens of plants?

 

1.    a) slime molds

2.    b) fungi

3.    c) protozoans

4.    d) amoebas

5.    e) algae

 

Answer: b

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Describe the roles of eukaryal organisms in various ecosystems and human medicine.

Section Reference: Section 3.5 Interactions between eukaryal microbes and animals, plants, and the environment

 

 

35) Eukaryal microbes play a very important role in the digestion of ___ in the gut of ruminants.

 

1.    a) proteins

2.    b) nucleic acids

3.    c) phospholipids

4.    d) cellulose

5.    e) lactose

 

Answer: d

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Describe the roles of eukaryal organisms in various ecosystems and human medicine.

Section Reference: Section 3.5 Interactions between eukaryal microbes and animals, plants, and the environment

 

 

Question Type: True/False

 

 

36) Mitochondria replicate independently of the host cell.

 

Answer: True

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

37) All eukaryal microbes possess cell walls.

 

Answer: False

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

38) The slime-mold Dictyostelium discoideum is classified as a fungus.

 

Answer: False

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Explain how eukaryal organisms are categorized,  giving examples of several microbes.

Section Reference: Section 3.2 Diversity of eukaryal microbes

 

 

39) The best way to classify all eukaryal microbes is to group them into the Protist kingdom.

 

Answer: False

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.2 Explain how eukaryal organisms are categorized,  giving examples of several microbes.

Section Reference: Section 3.2 Diversity of eukaryal microbes

 

 

40) Aggregate formation in Dictyostelium cells is the result of a cell signaling mechanism that uses cyclic AMP as a signal molecule.

 

Answer: True

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Explain the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

Section Reference: Section 3.3 Replication of eukaryal microbes

 

 

41) Eukaryal microbes called amitochondriates lack mitochondria.

 

Answer: True

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.4 Explain the evidence behind the endosymbiotic theory.

Section Reference: Section 3.4 The origin of eukaryal cells

 

 

42) Amebic dysentery is caused by Shigella sonnei.

 

Answer: False

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Describe the roles of eukaryal organisms in various ecosystems and human medicine.

Section Reference: Section 3.5 Interactions between eukaryal microbes and animals, plants, and the environment

 

 

Question Type: Text Entry

 

 

43) Most cell walls of algae are composed of ___.

 

Answer: cellulose

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

44) Microfilament are made of the protein ___.

 

Answer: actin

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

 

 

45) When Saccharomyces undergoes meiosis, it forms four haploid cells called ___.

 

Answer: ascospores

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.3 Explain the processes of mitosis and meiosis.

Section Reference: Section 3.3 Replication of eukaryal microbes

 

 

46) Plasmodium falciparum causes the disease ______.

 

Answer: malaria

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.5 Describe the roles of eukaryal organisms in various ecosystems and human medicine.

Section Reference: Section 3.5 Interactions between eukaryal microbes and animals, plants, and the environment

 

 

Question Type: Essay

 

 

47) Describe how proteins made in the cytoplasm of eukaryal cells arrive at their correct destination, such as the mitochondria or nucleus.

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Medium

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells

Solution: Proteins made in the cytoplasm of eukaryal cells have many possible destinations, such as the mitochondria, cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, or nucleus. These proteins may contain several signal sequences that will help target their final destination. For example, a protein that is targeted to the mitochondria may only be targeted to the outer membrane or may need to cross both the outer membrane and inner membrane. Unlike bacteria that use a limited number of signal sequences to move proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane, eukaryal cells have a very wide array of signal sequences that target a large number of final destinations for the protein. Once the protein arrives at its correct destination, specific proteases will remove the signal sequence.

 

 

48.Cells are able to alter the fatty acid composition of lipids in response to environmental changes in temperature. What changes would you expect in the fatty acid composition when cells move from ambient temperature to a cold temperature?

 

Answer:

 

Difficulty: Easy

Learning Objective: LO 3.1 Describe the key features of eukaryotic cells.

Section Reference: Section 3.1 The morphology of typical eukaryal cells