Methods in Behavioral Research 13Th Edition By Paul – Test Bank

 

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Sample Test

Chapter03

TestBank

 

1.   In Milgram’s obedience experiment, participants were deceived when they were told that the purpose of the experiment was to study

• the effect of electric shocks.
• B. memory and learning.
• the effects of punishment.
• blind obedience.
•  
• Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
• APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
• Blooms: Remember
• Difficulty Level: Easy
• Learning Objective: Summarize Milgram’s obedience experiment.
• Topic: Milgram’s Obedience Experiment
•  
• The real purpose of the Milgram experiment was to study
• the effect of electric shocks.
• memory and learning.
• the effects of punishment.
• D. obedience to authority.
•  
• Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
• APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
• Blooms: Remember
• Difficulty Level: Easy
• Learning Objective: Summarize Milgram’s obedience experiment.
• Topic: Milgram’s Obedience Experiment
•  
• Current ethical guidelines for both behavioral and medical researchers have their origins in
• Greek mythology.
• the Red Data Book.
• C. the Belmont Report.
• Institutional Review Boards.
•  
• Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
• APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
• Blooms: Remember
• Difficulty Level: Easy
• Learning Objective: Discuss the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.
• Topic: Belmont Report
•  
• Which of the following statements is true of the Tuskegee Syphilis study?
• It was an isolated incident brought to light in 1998.
• It took place for only one year.
• It focused on treating individuals with syphilis using penicillin.
• D. It spurred scientists to overhaul ethical regulations.
•  
• Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
• APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
• Blooms: Understand
• Difficulty Level: Medium
• Learning Objective: Discuss the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.
• Topic: Physical Harm
• Topic: Respect for Person
•  
• Which of the following is a key element included in one of the three basic ethical principles of the Belmont Report?
• Psychologists should avoid stealing, cheating, or engaging in fraud, subterfuge, or intentional misrepresentation of fact.
• B. Psychologists should provide all information to potential participants that might influence their decision on whether to participate.
• Psychologists should seek to promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in the science, teaching, and practice of psychology.
• Psychologists should be aware of their professional responsibilities to society and to the specific communities in which they work.
•  
• Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
• APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
• Blooms: Remember
• Difficulty Level: Easy
• Learning Objective: Discuss the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.
• Topic: Belmont Report
•  
• Which of the following principles of the Belmont Report suggests that individuals are capable of making deliberate decisions about whether to participate in research?
• deliberation
• beneficence
• C. autonomy
• justice
•  
• Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
• APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice
• Blooms: Remember
• Difficulty Level: Easy
• Learning Objective: Discuss the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.
• Topic: Belmont Report
•  
• The ethical principle of justice given in the Belmont Report requires that
• researchers limit their studies only to those of legal age.
• participants make deliberate decisions about whether to participate in research.
• C. there be fairness in receiving the benefits of research.
• potential participants in a research project be provided with complete information.
•  
• Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
• APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
• Blooms: Remember
• Difficulty Level: Easy
• Learning Objective: Discuss the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.
• Topic: Belmont Report
•  
• According to the Belmont Report, which of the following principles states that research should confer benefits and risks must be minimal?
• Principle E: Respect for people’s rights and dignity
• B.Principle A: Beneficence and nonmaleficence
• Principle D: Justice
• Principle C: Integrity

1.   Principle B: Fidelity and responsibility

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.

Topic: Belmont Report

9.   In the context of the APA Ethics Code, which of the following principles refers to the need for research to maximize advantages and minimize any possible harmful effects of participation?

10.                the principle of integrity

11.                the principle of fidelity and responsibility

12.                C. the principle of beneficence

13.                the principle of respect for people’s rights and dignity

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Summarize the ethical principles in the APA Ethics Code concerning research with human participants.

Topic: APA Ethics Code

10.                In the context of the APA Ethics Code, which of the following statements is true about the principle of integrity?

11.                A. Psychologists seek to promote accuracy, honesty, and truthfulness in the science, teaching, and practice of psychology.

12.                Psychologists respect the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination.

13.                Psychologists recognize that fairness entitles all persons to access to and benefit from the contributions of psychology.

14.                Psychologists establish relationships of trust with those with whom they work.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Summarize the ethical principles in the APA Ethics Code concerning research with human participants.

Topic: APA Ethics Code

11.                Principle C of the APA Ethics Code focuses on

12.                A.

13.                justice.

14.                responsibility.

15.                beneficence.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Summarize the ethical principles in the APA Ethics Code concerning research with human participants.

Topic: APA Ethics Code

12.                Which of the following principles of the Belmont Report was most specifically violated when a cure for syphilis was withheld from participants in the Tuskegee Syphilis study?

13.                the principle of responsibility

14.                the principle of autonomy

15.                C. the principle of justice

16.                the principle of integrity

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.

Topic: Belmont Report

13.                Adam, a researcher, promises the participants of his experiment that they will receive extra course credits for their participation. However, he forgets to inform their instructor about their participation, and they do not receive the promised course credits. Which principle of the APA Ethics Code has Adam most specifically violated?

14.                the principle of beneficence and nonmaleficence

15.                the principle of respect for people’s rights and dignity

16.                the principle of justice

17.                D. the principle of fidelity and responsibility

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Summarize the ethical principles in the APA Ethics Code concerning research with human participants.

Topic: APA Ethics Code

14.                Which of the following is a potential risk that a participant may face during a research experiment?

15.                monetary loss

16.                loss of responsibility

17.                C. loss of confidentiality

18.                statutory loss

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss how potential risks and benefits of research are evaluated.

Topic: Risk-Benefit Analysis

15.                The examination of potential problems and benefits that are likely to result from a research is known as a ________ analysis.

16.                cost-benefit

17.                B. risk-benefit

18.                SWOT

19.                lifecycle cost

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss how potential risks and benefits of research are evaluated.

Topic: Risk-Benefit Analysis

16.                Angelica informs her research participants that they will receive extremely intense electric shocks. However, they never actually receive the shocks, and the waiting period brings about fear and anxiety in the participants. In this scenario, the participants are most likely experiencing ________ stress.

17.                physical

18.                B. psychological

19.                procedural

20.                psychical

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss how potential risks and benefits of research are evaluated.

Topic: Risk-Benefit Analysis

17.                Matt wants to conduct an experiment on people’s perceptions of tattoos. He plans to manipulate the experimental conditions by making participants get tattoos of varying size and color on their arms. An ethics review board would most likely be concerned about the

18.                size and color of the tattoos.

19.                various perceptions of tattoos.

20.                C. physical risk to the participants.

21.                monetary cost of the tattoos.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss how potential risks and benefits of research are evaluated.

Topic: Risk-Benefit Analysis

18.                In a research experiment, ________ is an issue when the researcher has assured subjects that the collected data are accessible only to people with permission, generally only the researcher.

19.                informed consent

20.                nonmaleficence

21.                integrity

22.                D. confidentiality

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss how potential risks and benefits of research are evaluated.

Topic: Confidentiality

19.                ________ becomes particularly important when studying sensitive topics, such as family violence, drug use, divorce, or sexual behavior.

20.                Compensation

21.                Defensiveness

22.                C. Confidentiality

23.                Concealed observation

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss how potential risks and benefits of research are evaluated.

Topic: Confidentiality

20.                Which of the following is a prerequisite of an informed consent form?

21.                Use of simple and straightforward language must be avoided.

22.                Jargons and technical terminologies should be used extensively.

23.                It should be written in the first person to avoid confusion.

24.                D. Non-English speakers should be given a translated version.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: List the information contained in an informed consent form.

Topic: Informed Consent

21.                Which of the following statements is true about an informed consent form?

22.                It should be in fine print, which is smaller than 11-point type.

23.                It should exclude contact information, such as phone and email contacts.

24.                C. It should be free of technical jargon and written at sixth- to eighth-grade level.

25.                It should be written in the first person.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: List the information contained in an informed consent form.

Topic: Informed Consent

22.                Helga, a researcher, explains to her participants the purpose of her study before she conducts an experiment. She also informs them that participation is voluntary and they can withdraw without penalty. This shows that the experiment involves

23.                deception.

24.                B. an informed consent.

25.                role-playing.

26.                a psychological withdrawal.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: List the information contained in an informed consent form.

Topic: Informed Consent

23.                Which of the following best represents the principle of respect for persons (autonomy) included in the Belmont Report?

24.                not providing a risk-benefit analysis to participants

25.                B. including an informed consent form for participants

26.                researchers’ freedom to select their topic of interest

27.                researchers’ discretion to alter the findings of their experiment

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: List the information contained in an informed consent form.

Topic: Belmont Report

Topic: Informed Consent

24.                Informed consent of participants can sometimes be a problem for a researcher because

25.                understanding and signing informed consent forms is time-consuming.

26.                B. knowledge of the hypothesis may bias the participants’ responses.

27.                participants are rarely interested to know the details of the experiment being conducted.

28.                researchers themselves are not completely informed about the procedures.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss potential problems in obtaining informed consent.

Topic: Informed Consent

25.                The agreement by a minor to participate in an experiment is formally called

26.                consent.

27.                debriefing.

28.                exempt.

29.                D.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss potential problems in obtaining informed consent.

Topic: Informed Consent

26.                Byron, a high school student, agrees to participate in a research study that will examine the attitudes of high school students toward alcohol use. As he is a minor, a written consent form is signed by his mother allowing him to participate in the study. In this scenario, Byron’s agreement to participate is known as

27.                coercion.

28.                disclosure.

29.                C.

30.                exempt.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss potential problems in obtaining informed consent.

Topic: Informed Consent

27.                In research, ________ is defined as an active misrepresentation of information about the nature of a study.

28.                A. deception

29.                plagiarism

30.                fidelity

31.                nonmaleficence

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Define deception and discuss the ethical issues surrounding its use in research.

Topic: Deception

28.                In Milgram’s study on obedience, informing the participants that they would participate in a study of learning and memory is an example of

29.                plagiarism.

30.                B.

31.                informed consent.

32.                debriefing.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Define deception and discuss the ethical issues surrounding its use in research.

Topic: Deception

29.                Which of the following best exemplifies deception?

30.                A. An experimenter disguises the true purpose of a laboratory experiment.

31.                Participants disagree to fill an informed consent form.

32.                A researcher provides too much information about a study to the participants.

33.                An investigator withholds information that does not affect the decision to participate.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Define deception and discuss the ethical issues surrounding its use in research.

Topic: Deception

30.                Brent has agreed to participate in a study on “preferences for different fast food items.” However, he is actually asked to read an article on a sexual assault incident and suggest a punishment for the assailant. This procedure best illustrates

31.                informed consent.

32.                the importance of autonomy.

33.                obedience to authority.

34.                D. the use of deception.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Define deception and discuss the ethical issues surrounding its use in research.

Topic: Deception

31.                Which of the following is a primary reason for a decrease in the type of elaborate deception seen in the Milgram study?

32.                Deception has become an expensive and time-consuming method to employ.

33.                There has been a decrease in the general awareness of the ethical issues regarding deception.

34.                Ethics review boards have started rejecting an increasing number of research studies that use deception methods.

35.                D. More researchers have become interested in cognitive variables rather than emotions.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Define deception and discuss the ethical issues surrounding its use in research.

Topic: Deception

32.                In which of the following areas of psychology has elaborate deception been most common?

33.                A. social psychology

34.                developmental psychology

35.                parapsychology

36.                clinical psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Define deception and discuss the ethical issues surrounding its use in research.

Topic: Deception

33.                Participants volunteered for a study on “attitudes toward television violence.” However, they actually completed a survey on their own aggressive behavior. After the completion of the study, the researcher failed to inform the participants about the true purpose of the study. In this case, the researcher has failed to conduct a(n)

34.                cost-benefit analysis.

35.                simulation study.

36.                C. debriefing session.

37.                evaluative study.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the purpose of debriefing research participants.

Topic: Debriefing

34.                If a participant has been deceived, ethical considerations require that a researcher provide

35.                incentives.

36.                B.

37.                motivation.

38.                counseling.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the purpose of debriefing research participants.

Topic: Debriefing

35.                Renae conducts a study to understand altruistic behavior. She deceives her participants by stating that the purpose of her study is to test intelligence. This results in some of the participants feeling bad about their performance. Which of the following would most likely help Renae reduce the negative impact of the experiment on her participants?

36.                A. debriefing her participants about the study

37.                giving feedback to the participants on their performance

38.                misrepresenting information about the nature of the study

39.                providing the participants with incentives

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Describe the purpose of debriefing research participants.

Topic: Debriefing

36.                Identify a true statement about debriefing.

37.                It is used to deceive participants about the details of a study.

38.                B. It helps in discussing the practical implications of a study’s results with the participants.

39.                It typically occurs before the completion of a study.

40.                It fails to serve educational or ethical purposes for researchers or participants.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the purpose of debriefing research participants.

Topic: Debriefing

37.                Which of the following statements is true about an Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

38.                It is a national review agency composed of at least three individuals.

39.                All members of an institute’s IRB must be from outside the institution.

40.                Its members are typically compensated by political lobbyists.

41.                D. Every institution that receives federal funds must have an IRB.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Describe the function of an Institutional Review Board.

Topic: Institutional Review Board (IRB)

38.                ________ defined research as “an activity designed to test a hypothesis and permit conclusions to be drawn…. Research is usually described in a formal protocol that sets an objective and a sequence of procedures to reach that objective.”

39.                The Declaration of Helsinki

40.                B. The Belmont Report

41.                The Nuremberg Code

42.                The Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Describe the function of an Institutional Review Board.

Topic: Belmont Report

39.                ________ risk is a type of research activity in which the risks of harm to participants are no greater than the risks encountered in daily life or in routine physical or psychological tests.

40.                Minor

41.                Manageable

42.                C. Minimal

43.                Moderate

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Minimal Risk Research

40.                Anonymous questionnaires, surveys, and educational tests are all considered _____ research.

41.                A. exempt

42.                fraudulent

43.                laboratory

44.                nonethical

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Exempt Research

41.                Which of the following statements is true about exempt research?

42.                Researchers can decide by themselves that their research is exempt.

43.                B. The Institutional Review Board (IRB) at an institution formulates a procedure to allow a researcher to apply for exempt status.

44.                This type of research requires complete informed consent and debriefing for approval to be granted by an Institutional Review Board (IRB).

45.                Moderate exercise by healthy volunteers best exemplifies this type of research.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Exempt Research

42.                According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “no risk” research includes research

43.                where the risks are not greater than those involved in taking routine tests.

44.                B. involving public behavior and public records that do not identify the participants.

45.                in which the participants give informed consent to the researcher.

46.                in which the participants are deceived by not providing them any information.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Exempt Research

43.                Sasha decides to examine the public records of crime rates to determine whether perpetrators committed property crimes at an earlier age in the 1940s than in the 1970s. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Sasha’s research would be categorized as a(n) ________ research.

44.                A. exempt

45.                minimal risk

46.                fraudulent

47.                maximum risk

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Exempt Research

44.                Which of the following is an example of minimal risk research?

45.                A. recording routine physiological data from adult participants

46.                vigorous exercise by healthy volunteers

47.                a research study that induces stress in the volunteers

48.                a research study in which a volunteer’s behavior is manipulated

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Minimal Risk Research

45.                In an attempt to study participants’ physiological responses to visual stimuli, Kenneth measures the blood pressure and heart rate of the participants while they watch different genres of films. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations, this study involves ________ risk.

46.                no

47.                B. minimal

48.                greater than minimal

49.                maximum

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Minimal Risk Research

46.                Which of the following is a characteristic of a no risk assessment research?

47.                The research is not exempt from review.

48.                It requires a fully informed consent form.

49.                C. The surveys included in such a research are anonymous.

50.                It involves observations of sensitive public behaviors.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Exempt Research

47.                Complete informed consent is necessary when a research places the participants at greater than ________ risk.

48.                average

49.                normal

50.                C. minimal

51.                moderate

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Minimal Risk Research

48.                Research involving physical stress, psychological stress, invasion of privacy, or measures of sensitive information where participants may be identified is an example of ________ research.

49.                exempt

50.                minimal risk

51.                C. greater than minimal risk

52.                low risk

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Greater Than Minimal Risk Research

49.                Studying normal educational practices, anonymous surveys, and observation of nonsensitive public behaviors where participants cannot be identified are examples of ________ research.

50.                minimal risk

51.                B. no risk

52.                high risk

53.                moderate risk

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Exempt Research

50.                Which of the following is true of greater than minimal risk research?

51.                A. It requires full IRB review, and special ethical procedures may be imposed.

52.                It involves conducting anonymous surveys and cognitive aptitude tests.

53.                It places participants at risk that is similar to those encountered in daily life.

54.                It is mostly exempt from review and therefore called exempt research.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.

Topic: Greater Than Minimal Risk Research

51.                Which of the following is true about research with nonhuman animal subjects?

52.                Ethics is of little concern because animals have no feelings.

53.                B. There are explicit guidelines to protect animals used for research.

54.                Animals cannot be used to test the effects of drugs.

55.                Psychologists do not conduct research on animals.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the ethical issues concerning research with nonhuman animals.

Topic: Research with Animal Subjects

52.                Which of the following is most likely to have caused a decline in animal research?

53.                A. The increasing protests from animal activists groups

54.                A decreasing interest in conducting cognitive research with human participants

55.                Declining safety measures to shelter animals for a long period

56.                The increasing costs incurred to conduct an animal research

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the ethical issues concerning research with nonhuman animals.

Topic: Research with Animal Subjects

53.                Which of the following is a function of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee?

54.                approve all animal research procedures

55.                B. ensure that all regulations are adhered to in animal research

56.                analyze the cost to be incurred for a research

57.                ensure that animals are used only in psychological research

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Summarize the ethical issues concerning research with nonhuman animals.

Topic: Research with Animal Subjects

54.                In which of the following areas is fraud considered to be the most serious?

55.                psychology and biology

56.                math and chemistry

57.                advertising and engineering

58.                D. science and journalism

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APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.

Topic: Fraud

55.                The fabrication of data is known as

56.                liaison.

57.                B.

58.                plagiarism.

59.                assault.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.

Topic: Fraud

56.                Which of the following is an example of a fraud?

57.                Jimmy is arrested for robbing an old woman’s house.

58.                B. A newspaper publishes articles that do not have substantial authenticity.

59.                A manager is accused of sexual harassment by his secretary.

60.                Berta misplaces the money that her mother gave her as a loan.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.

Topic: Fraud

57.                A researcher’s results should be considered fraudulent if

58.                animals were used while conducting experiments for the research.

59.                participants were not debriefed after the completion of the study.

60.                C. data were changed in order to support his or her hypothesis.

61.                the researcher used any form of survey to collect the data.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.

Topic: Fraud

58.                Rebecca’s students were unable to replicate the results of her published findings. In this scenario, Rebecca has most likely committed an act of ________.

59.                plagiarism

60.                assault

61.                battery

62.                D. fraud

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APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.

Topic: Fraud

59.                Which of the following precautions can scientists take to protect themselves against charges of fraud?

60.                They should only publish results that are significant.

61.                They should not conduct a public survey.

62.                C. They should keep records carefully and document procedures and results.

63.                They should always ensure that their findings support their hypothesis.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.

Topic: Fraud

60.                Fraud is not a major problem in science in part because

61.                scientists are always ethical.

62.                researchers’ hypotheses are always supported.

63.                C. researchers know that others will replicate their study.

64.                scientific research has high external validity.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.

Topic: Fraud

61.                Which of the following is the most famous case of fraud?

62.                Burger’s partial replication of Milgram’s studies

63.                Milgram’s study on obedience to authority

64.                C. the study of identical twins by Sir Cyril Burt

65.                the Szabo and Underwood report

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.

Topic: Fraud

62.                _____ can be best defined as misrepresenting another’s work as one’s own.

63.                Possession

64.                B. Plagiarism

65.                Extortion

66.                Misconduct

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Define plagiarism and describe how to avoid plagiarism.

Topic: Plagiarism

63.                In her research paper, Kirstein copied a few paragraphs from a renowned author’s work verbatim without placing them within quotation marks or citing the source. The review board rejected her paper on grounds of plagiarism. In this scenario, Kirstein has committed

64.                A. word-for-word plagiarism.

65.                paraphrasing plagiarism.

66.                active plagiarism.

67.                detailed plagiarism.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Define plagiarism and describe how to avoid plagiarism.

Topic: Plagiarism

64.                Which of the following behaviors does not represent plagiarism?

65.                including a copied sentence without using quotation marks or a reference citation

66.                representing another’s work as one’s own

67.                paraphrasing the actual words of another source without citation

68.                D. including a personal idea or research finding in one’s own research

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Understand

Difficulty Level: Medium

Learning Objective: Define plagiarism and describe how to avoid plagiarism.

Topic: Plagiarism

65.                Carlos, a student of psychology, included the data and findings of the renowned thinker Erik Erikson in his research. However, he did not paraphrase the data or cite and credit the actual author. The board of reviewers rejected Carlos’s research paper on account of

66.                perjury.

67.                extortion.

68.                C.

69.                manslaughter.

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice

Blooms: Apply

Difficulty Level: Hard

Learning Objective: Define plagiarism and describe how to avoid plagiarism.

Topic: Plagiarism

66.                ________ plagiarism is a form of plagiarism where the words are not directly copied without attribution but the ideas are copied without attribution.

67.                A. Paraphrasing

68.                Word-for-word

69.                Detailed

70.                Substantial

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Define plagiarism and describe how to avoid plagiarism.

Topic: Plagiarism

Category                                                                                                                                         # of Questions

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation                                                                                                                        66

APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology                            30

APA Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains                                          5

APA Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology                                                                                      1

APA Outcome: 2.1: Use scientific reasoning to interpret psychological phenomena                                              2

APA Outcome: 3.1: Apply ethical standards to evaluate psychological science and practice                                  28

Blooms: Apply                                                                                                                                                        13

Blooms: Remember                                                                                                                                                 29

Blooms: Understand                                                                                                                                                24

Difficulty Level: Easy                                                                                                                                              29

Difficulty Level: Hard                                                                                                                                             13

Difficulty Level: Medium                                                                                                                                        24

Learning Objective: Contrast the categories of risk involved in research activities: exempt, minimal risk, and greater than minimal risk.              12

Learning Objective: Define deception and discuss the ethical issues surrounding its use in research.                     6

Learning Objective: Define plagiarism and describe how to avoid plagiarism.                                                        5

Learning Objective: Describe the function of an Institutional Review Board.                                                         2

Learning Objective: Describe the purpose of debriefing research participants.                                                        4

Learning Objective: Discuss how potential risks and benefits of research are evaluated.                                        6

Learning Objective: Discuss potential problems in obtaining informed consent.                                                     3

Learning Objective: Discuss the ethical issue surrounding misrepresentation of research findings.                        8

Learning Objective: Discuss the three ethical principles outlined in the Belmont Report: beneficence, autonomy, and justice.               7

Learning Objective: List the information contained in an informed consent form.                                                   4

Learning Objective: Summarize Milgram’s obedience experiment.                                                                          2

Learning Objective: Summarize the ethical issues concerning research with nonhuman animals.                           3

Learning Objective: Summarize the ethical principles in the APA Ethics Code concerning research with human participants.              4

Topic: APA Ethics Code                                                                                                                                         4

Topic: Belmont Report                                                                                                                                            8

Topic: Confidentiality                                                                                                                                              2

Topic: Debriefing                                                                                                                                                    4

Topic: Deception                                                                                                                                                     6

Topic: Exempt Research                                                                                                                                          6

Topic: Fraud                                                                                                                                                            8

Topic: Greater Than Minimal Risk Research                                                                                                           2

Topic: Informed Consent                                                                                                                                         7

Topic: Institutional Review Board (IRB)                                                                                                                 1

Topic: Milgram’s Obedience Experiment                                                                                                                 2

Topic: Minimal Risk Research                                                                                                                                4

Topic: Physical Harm                                                                                                                                              1

Topic: Plagiarism                                                                                                                                                     5

Topic: Research with Animal Subjects                                                                                                                    3

Topic: Respect for Person                                                                                                                                       1

Topic: Risk-Benefit Analysis                                                                                                                                  4

 

 

Chapter05

TestBank

 

1.   _____ refers to the consistency or stability of a measure of behavior.

2.   Validity

3.   B. Reliability

4.   Reactivity

5.   Variability

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APA Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology

Blooms: Remember

Difficulty Level: Easy

Learning Objective: Define reliability of a measure of behavior and describe the difference between test-retest, internal consistency, and interrater reliability.

Topic: Reliability

2.   True score and measurement error are the two important components of a(n)

3.   retest.

4.   coefficient.

5.   interval.

6.   D.