Memmler’s Structure and Function of the Human Body, 10th Edition by Taylor – Cohen-Test Bank

 

 

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Sample Test

 Chapter 03

1. The substance that fills the cell from the plasma membrane to the nuclear membrane is
called the ____________.
2. A long, whiplike projection from the cell used in locomotion is a(n) ______________.
3. Small hairlike projections from the cell are called ___________.
4. The organelle that contains digestive enzymes is the ____________.
5. The large organelle that is the control center of the cell is the ___________.
6. In the pairing of bases in DNA, adenine pairs with __________.
7. The substance that makes up the genes is ________________.
8. In the pairing of bases in RNA, adenine pairs with ___________.
9. The type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome is __________.
10. The process of synthesizing proteins based on an mRNA template is called
____________.
11. The period between one cell division and the next is called ________.
12. The process by which specialized cells engulf large particles is _____________.
13. The diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is ______________.
14. Passage of a solution through a membrane under mechanical force is called
___________.
15. A solution that has a lower concentration than the fluid within the cell is termed
___________.
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16. A cell placed in a _______________ solution will swell.
17. A prefix meaning same is ________.
18. The metric unit used for microscopic measurement is the
A) meter
B) micrometer
C) centimeter
D) kilometer
19. The microscope with the highest magnification is the
A) scanning electron microscope
B) transmission electron microscope
C) compound light microscope
D) simple light microscope
20. The plasma membrane is best described as
A) solid
B) permeable
C) selectively permeable
D) hypotonic
21. The major lipids in the plasma membrane are
A) proteins and phospholipids
B) carbohydrates and proteins
C) phospholipids and cholesterol
D) calcium salts and phospholipids
22. Which of the following membrane proteins changes shape to move substances across the
plasma membrane?
A) channel
B) receptor
C) enzyme
D) transporter
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23. Which of the following membrane proteins attaches cells to other cells?
A) channel
B) linker
C) cell identity marker
D) transporter
24. The small body in the nucleus that assembles ribosomes is called the
A) nucleolus
B) mitochondrion
C) centriole
D) endoplasmic reticulum
25. An organelle that produces energy for the cell is called a(n)
A) ribosome
B) mitochondrion
C) Golgi apparatus
D) nucleolus
26. Small bodies involved in the manufacture of proteins are
A) ribosomes
B) nucleoli
C) mitochondria
D) centrioles
27. If a cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to
A) synthesize proteins
B) synthesize RNA
C) divide
D) secrete proteins
28. A particular cell type specializes in breaking down harmful by-products of metabolism.
This cell type would contain very high levels of
A) lysosomes
B) endoplasmic reticulum
C) centrioles
D) peroxisomes
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29. Two cells vary in the amount of energy they require. One cell, a muscle cell, must
generate large supplies of ATP. The other cell, a skin cell, requires very little ATP. Based
solely on information provided in this question, these two cells would differ in the
abundance of
A) mitochondria
B) lysosomes
C) vesicles
D) Golgi apparatus
30. A nucleotide contains a nitrogen base, a sugar unit, and a
A) phosphate unit
B) glycerol
C) fatty acid
D) protein unit
31. The RNA found in ribosomes is called
A) rRNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) sRNA
32. Ribosomes participate in the process of
A) DNA synthesis
B) transcription
C) translation
D) mutation
33. Transcription is the synthesis of
A) RNA
B) protein
C) lipids
D) carbohydrates
34. The correct order of the stages in mitosis is
A) anaphase, telophase, metaphase, prophase
B) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
C) prophase, anaphase, telophase, metaphase
D) telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase
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35. The phase of mitosis when the chromosomes pull apart is
A) interphase
B) telophase
C) anaphase
D) metaphase
36. The phase of mitosis during which the chromosomes condense is
A) anaphase
B) prophase
C) metaphase
D) interphase
37. Droplets of fluid are taken in by the cell using the process of
A) diffusion
B) pinocytosis
C) exocytosis
D) active transport
38. What effect does diffusion usually have on the concentration gradient?
A) increase
B) decrease
C) no change
D) None of the answers are correct.
39. Which of the following processes requires ATP?
A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) active transport
D) facilitated diffusion
40. Which of the following processes moves a substance that can freely pass through the
plasma membrane?
A) simple diffusion
B) facilitated diffusion
C) active transport
D) phagocytosis
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41. Cells shrink when they are placed in solutions that are
A) isotonic
B) hypertonic
C) hypotonic
D) osmotic
42. The prefix pino– means
A) to eat
B) to drink
C) very small
D) within
43. Based on your knowledge of word parts, what is the most likely definition of the word
endosome?
A) a body without
B) a colored body
C) a body within
D) a small body
44. Name, and briefly explain, four different functions of membrane proteins.
45. List two functions of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane.
46. List two organelles involved in the process of translation, and briefly explain their
contributions.
47. Many proteins are secreted from the cell following the process of translation. List two
organelles involved in protein secretion, and briefly explain their contributions.
48. Compare and contrast simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion. List one similarity and
one difference.
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49. Your lab partner is an exchange student from Pluto. You are investigating cell transport
methods, so you decide to use one of your partner’s cells. Surprisingly, you notice that
her cell contains some of the same substances as our cells. You quantify the
concentration of these substances, and determine that the cell contains 5% glucose and
0.3% potassium. The cell is placed in a solution containing 20% glucose and 0.1%
potassium. The plasma membrane of this cell is similar to ours. It is permeable to
potassium but not to glucose. That is, only potassium can cross the plasma membrane
without using transporters. Use this information to answer the following questions
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c. You place the cell in a new solution to study the process of osmosis. You know
that sodium does not move across the alien cell membrane. You also know that the
concentration of the intracellular fluid is equivalent to 5% sodium. The new
solution contains 1% sodium. Is the 1% sodium solution hypertonic, isotonic, or
hypotonic?
d. Will water flow into the cell or out of the cell?
e. What will be the effect of the water movement on the cell?
a. Will potassium move into the cell or out of the cell? Which transport mechanism
will be involved?
b. Carrier proteins are present in the membrane that can transport glucose. If glucose
moves down its concentration gradient, will glucose move into the cell or out of
the cell? Which transport mechanism will be involved?
Answer Key
1. cytoplasm
2. flagellum
3. cilia or microvilli
4. lysosome
5. nucleus
6. thymine
7. DNA
8. uracil
9. tRNA
10. translation
11. interphase
12. phagocytosis
13. osmosis
14. filtration
15. hypotonic
16. hypotonic
17. iso–
18. B
19. B
20. C
21. C
22. D
23. B
24. A
25. B
26. A
27. C
28. D
29. A
30. A
31. A
32. C
33. A
34. B
35. C
36. B
37. B
38. B
39. C
40. A
41. B
42. B
43. C
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44. Any four of the following. Channels permit the passage of specific substances (usually
ions) through the plasma membrane. Transporters shuttle substances across the
membrane by facilitated diffusion or active transport. Receptors are sites of attachment
for chemicals. Enzymes participate in chemical reactions. Linkers attach cells to other
cells and provide stability to the membrane. Cell identity markers identify one’s own cells
to prevent the immune system from attacking them.
45. cell-to-cell attachment, cell recognition
46. The nucleolus assembles the ribosomes that are necessary for translation. The ribosomes
assemble the amino acids into a protein chain. The rough endoplasmic reticulum serves
as a site of attachment for the ribosomes.
47. The rough endoplasmic reticulum modifies the proteins. The Golgi apparatus is involved
in sorting, modifying, and packaging proteins. Vesicles transport the proteins to the
plasma membrane and release them from the cell.
48. Both simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion move a substance down its concentration
gradient. Facilitated diffusion uses transporters, simple diffusion does not. Facilitated
diffusion moves substances at a faster rate than simple diffusion.
49.
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c. The solution is hypotonic.
d. Water will flow into the cell.
e. The cell will expand and probably lyse.
a. Potassium will move out of the cell by simple diffusion.
b. Glucose will move into the cell by facilitated diffusion.

Chapter 04

1. Another name for osseous tissue is ___________.
2. A term that describes long, narrow epithelial cells is ___________.
3. A term for flat, irregular epithelial cells is___________.
4. A sticky protective fluid secreted by some epithelial cells is called ___________.
5. The fatty material that insulates and protects some nerve cell fibers is ___________.
6. The study of tissues is ___________.
7. The type of connective tissue that stores fat is called ___________.
8. A flexible white protein that makes up many of the fibers in connective tissue is
___________.
9. The _______________ layer of a serous membrane lines a body cavity.
10. The connective tissue membrane that covers and protects skeletal muscles is called the
___________.
11. A layer of dense connective tissue around an organ such as the liver or kidney is called
a(n)___________.
12. A cord of connective tissue that joins a muscle to a bone is called a(n) ___________.
13. The fibrous tissue that covers cartilage is called ________________.
14. The prefix pseudo means ____________.
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15. Osteocytes are to bone as chondrocytes are to
A) fat
B) cartilage
C) muscle
D) nerves
16. You are studying a slide of a body tissue, but the label has rubbed off. You see a single
layer of closely packed cells that are long and narrow in structure. This tissue is most
likely to be
A) simple squamous epithelium
B) stratified squamous epithelium
C) simple columnar epithelium
D) stratified columnar epithelium
17. Which of the following muscle types is under voluntary control?
A) cardiac
B) skeletal
C) visceral
D) myocardial
18. The support cells of the nervous system are
A) neurilemmas
B) neuroglia
C) myelin
D) dendrites
19. The fibers of a neuron are
A) axons and dendrites
B) fibrils and ER
C) dendrites and fibrils
D) transporters and vesicles
20. Tissue wasting due to a decrease in cell number is called
A) hypertrophy
B) hyperplasia
C) atrophy
D) aplasia
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21. The fibers that conduct a nerve impulse toward a neuron cell body are called
A) fibrils
B) dendrites
C) axons
D) neuroglia
22. Connective tissues would probably NOT contain
A) fibroblasts
B) collagen
C) goblet cells
D) matrix
23. You are studying a slide of a body tissue, but the label has rubbed off. You see a few,
similar cells that do not contact each other, many elastic fibers, and collagen. This tissue
is most likely to be
A) dense connective tissue
B) areolar connective tissue
C) stratified epithelial tissue
D) transitional epithelial tissue
24. The meninges
A) contain cells that are very close together
B) are a type of mucous membrane
C) contain epithelial tissue
D) contain connective tissue
25. The endocrine glands secrete
A) digestive juices
B) mucus
C) tears
D) hormones
26. A band of connective tissue connecting two bones is called a(n)
A) tendon
B) ligament
C) serosa
D) periosteum
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27. The skin is also called the
A) fascia
B) subcutaneous tissue
C) synovial membrane
D) cutaneous membrane
28. Transitional epithelium is tissue that
A) can stretch to accomplish its function
B) changes to connective tissue
C) moves from place to place
D) secretes hormones
29. Which of the following is an epithelial tissue membrane?
A) fascia
B) peritoneum
C) meninges
D) synovial membrane
30. A term referring to a loose connective tissue is
A) areolar
B) blood
C) cartilage
D) bone
31. Plurae are examples of which type of membrane?
A) serous
B) synovial
C) mucous
D) subcutaneous
32. Inflammation of the serous membrane within the abdominal cavity results in a condition
called
A) peritonitis
B) arthritis
C) lupus
D) fasciculitis
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33. The tissue enclosing the heart is called the
A) perichondrium
B) periosteum
C) pericardium
D) myocardium
34. You want to design a membrane to protect a tube from the surrounding environment.
The membrane must prevent substances from passing through the tissue and must also
secrete a protective substance. You decide to use a membrane already in use in the
human body as your template. The best membrane to use would be:
A) synovial membranes
B) mucous membranes
C) serous membranes
D) superficial fascia
35. The prefix chondro– means
A) bone
B) rib
C) beside
D) cartilage
36. Based on your knowledge of word parts, pericarditis means
A) inflammation of the membrane around the heart
B) inflammation of the heart muscle
C) inflammation of the membrane around a bone
D) inflammation of the cartilage
37. Based on your knowledge of word parts, an osteoblast is most likely to be
A) a mature bone cell
B) an immature bone cell
C) a mature cartilage cell
D) an immature cartilage cell
38. You are studying a slide of body tissue that is labelled “skeletal muscle.” The tissue is
composed of many small fibers that are running in parallel. You do not see any nuclei or
striations. Is the label correct or incorrect? Defend your answer.
39. Why is blood considered to be connective tissue? Define connective tissue in your
answer.
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40. Name the three types of epithelial membranes and give an example of each.
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Answer Key
1. bone
2. columnar
3. squamous
4. mucus
5. myelin
6. histology
7. adipose or adipose tissue
8. collagen
9. parietal
10. deep fascia
11. capsule
12. tendon
13. perichondrium
14. false
15. B
16. C
17. B
18. B
19. A
20. C
21. B
22. C
23. A
24. D
25. D
26. B
27. D
28. A
29. B
30. A
31. A
32. A
33. C
34. B
35. D
36. A
37. B
38. The label is incorrect. Muscle tissue also contains parallel fibers, but the fibers are muscle
cells and they contain nuclei. Skeletal muscle fibers are also striated. (The tissue is
probably connective tissue, and the fibers are collagen).
39. Connective tissue is defined as a tissue containing cells separated by some sort of matrix.
In blood, the blood cells are separated by plasma.
40. (examples will vary): Serous membranes, such as plurae; mucous membranes, such as the
lining of the mouth; cutaneous membrane, or skin.
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